Literal (computer programming)In computer science, a literal is a textual representation (notation) of a value as it is written in source code. Almost all programming languages have notations for atomic values such as integers, floating-point numbers, and strings, and usually for Booleans and characters; some also have notations for elements of enumerated types and compound values such as arrays, records, and objects. An anonymous function is a literal for the function type.
Word (computer architecture)In computing, a word is a fixed-sized datum handled as the natural or historical unit of data by the instruction set or the hardware of a processor. The number of bits or digits in a word (the word size, word width, or word length) is an important characteristic of any specific processor design or computer architecture.
Character encodingCharacter encoding is a convention of using a numeric value to represent each character of a writing script. Not only can a character set include natural language symbols, but it can also include codes that have meanings or functions outside of language, such as control characters and whitespace. Character encodings have also been defined for some constructed languages. When encoded, character data can be stored, transmitted, and transformed by a computer.
SequenceIn mathematics, a sequence is a collection of objects possibly with repetition, that come in a specified order. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). Unlike a set, the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in a sequence, and unlike a set, the order does matter. The notion of a sequence can be generalized to an indexed family, defined as a function from an arbitrary index set.
ByteThe byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet.
Array (data structure)In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), of the same memory size, each identified by at least one array index or key, the collection of which may be a tuple, known as an index tuple. In general, an array is a mutable and linear collection of elements with the same data type.
Computer programmingComputer programming is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-level programming languages that are more easily intelligible to humans than machine code, which is directly executed by the central processing unit.
List (abstract data type)In computer science, a list or sequence is a collection of items that are finite in number and in a particular order. An instance of a list is a computer representation of the mathematical concept of a tuple or finite sequence. A list may contain the same value more than once, and each occurrence is considered a distinct item. The term list is also used for several concrete data structures that can be used to implement abstract lists, especially linked lists and arrays.
Character (computing)In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string. Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes.
Immutable objectIn object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object's state appears unchanging from an external point of view.
Variable (high-level programming language)In some high-level programming languages, a variable is an abstract storage or indirection location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains some known or unknown quantity of data or object referred to as a value; or in simpler terms, a variable is a named container for a particular set of bits or type of data (like integer, float, string, etc...) or undefined.
Word (computer architecture)In computing, a word is a fixed-sized datum handled as the natural or historical unit of data by the instruction set or the hardware of a processor. The number of bits or digits in a word (the word size, word width, or word length) is an important characteristic of any specific processor design or computer architecture.Character encodingCharacter encoding is a convention of using a numeric value to represent each character of a writing script. Not only can a character set include natural language symbols, but it can also include codes that have meanings or functions outside of language, such as control characters and whitespace. Character encodings have also been defined for some constructed languages. When encoded, character data can be stored, transmitted, and transformed by a computer.SequenceIn mathematics, a sequence is a collection of objects possibly with repetition, that come in a specified order. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). Unlike a set, the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in a sequence, and unlike a set, the order does matter. The notion of a sequence can be generalized to an indexed family, defined as a function from an arbitrary index set.ByteThe byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet.Array (data structure)In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), of the same memory size, each identified by at least one array index or key, the collection of which may be a tuple, known as an index tuple. In general, an array is a mutable and linear collection of elements with the same data type.Computer programmingComputer programming is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-level programming languages that are more easily intelligible to humans than machine code, which is directly executed by the central processing unit.List (abstract data type)In computer science, a list or sequence is a collection of items that are finite in number and in a particular order. An instance of a list is a computer representation of the mathematical concept of a tuple or finite sequence. A list may contain the same value more than once, and each occurrence is considered a distinct item. The term list is also used for several concrete data structures that can be used to implement abstract lists, especially linked lists and arrays.Character (computing)In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string. Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes.Immutable objectIn object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object's state appears unchanging from an external point of view.Variable (high-level programming language)In some high-level programming languages, a variable is an abstract storage or indirection location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains some known or unknown quantity of data or object referred to as a value; or in simpler terms, a variable is a named container for a particular set of bits or type of data (like integer, float, string, etc...) or undefined.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.