Calcium oxideCalcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, quicklime specifically applies to the single compound calcium oxide.
Carbonate–silicate cycleThe carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle, also known as the inorganic carbon cycle, describes the long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by metamorphism and volcanism. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere during burial of weathered minerals and returned to the atmosphere through volcanism.
Portland cementPortland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone.
Calcium carbonateChemical compoundChemical compoundCrystal structure of calciteCalcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formulaCaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the mineralscalcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.
Sodium silicateSodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula Na2xSiyO2y+x or (Na2O)x·(SiO2)y, such as sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), sodium orthosilicate (Na4SiO4), and sodium pyrosilicate (Na6Si2O7). The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and soluble in water in various amounts.
Silicon dioxideOxide of siliconChemical compoundSilicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formulaSiO2, and is commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels.
FireproofingFireproofing is rendering something (structures, materials, etc.) resistant to fire, or incombustible; or material for use in making anything fire-proof. It is a passive fire protection measure. "Fireproof" or "fireproofing" can be used as a noun, verb or adjective; it may be hyphenated ("fire-proof"). Applying a certification listed fireproofing system to certain structures allows them to have a fire-resistance rating.
Pidgeon processThe Pidgeon process is a practical method for smelting magnesium. The most common method involves the raw material, dolomite, being fed into an externally heated reduction tank and then thermally reduced to metallic magnesium using 75% ferrosilicon as a reducing agent in a vacuum. Overall the processes in magnesium smelting via the Pidgeon process involve dolomite calcination, grinding and pelleting, and vacuum thermal reduction.
MagnesiumChemical element with atomic number 12 (Mg)Be↑Mg↓Casodium ← magnesium → aluminium
Passive fire protectionPassive fire protection (PFP) is components or systems of a building or structure that slows or impedes the spread of the effects of fire or smoke without system activation, and usually without movement. Examples of passive systems include floor-ceilings and roofs, fire doors, windows, and wall assemblies, fire-resistant coatings, and other fire and smoke control assemblies. Passive fire protection systems can include active components such as fire dampers.
Sulfuric acidChemical compound (H2SO4)Names IUPAC nameSulfuric acidOther names Oil of vitriolHydrogen sulfateDihydrogen sulfateIdentifiers CAS Number7664-93-93D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:26836ChEMBLChEMBL572964ChemSpider1086ECHA InfoCard100.028.763EC Number231-639-5E numberE513 (acidity regulators, ...)Gmelin Reference2122 KEGGD05963PubChemCID1118RTECS numberWS5600000UNIIO40UQP6WCFUN number1830 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5029683InChIInChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYACSMILESOS(=O)(=O)OProperties Chemical formulaH2SO4, sometimes expressed (HO)2SO2 Molar mass98.07 g·mol Appearance Colorless viscous liquid OdorOdorless Density1.8302 g/cm, liquid Melting point10.31 °C (50.56 °F; 283.46 K) Boiling point337 °C (639 °F; 610 K) When sulfuric acid is above 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K), it gradually decomposes to SO3 + H2OSolubility in watermiscible, exothermic Vapor pressure0.001 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) pKa1 = strongpKa2 = 2.0 Conjugate baseBisulfateViscosity26.7 cP (20 °C) Structure Crystal structuremonoclinic Space groupC2/c Lattice constanta = 818.1(2) pm, b = 469.60(10) pm, c = 856.3(2) pmα = 90°, β = 111.39(3)°, γ = 90°Formula units (Z)4 Thermochemistry Std molarentropy(S298)157 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−814 kJ/mol Enthalpy of vaporization(ΔfHvap)56 kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH290, H314Precautionary statementsP260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 302WOXFlash pointNon-flammable Threshold limit value (TLV)15 mg/m (IDLH), 1 mg/m (TWA), 2 mg/m (STEL) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)2140 mg/kg (rat, oral) LC50 (median concentration)50 mg/m (guinea pig, 8 h)510 mg/m (rat, 2 h)320 mg/m (mouse, 2 h)18 mg/m (guinea pig)LCLo (lowest published)87 mg/m (guinea pig, 2.75 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 1 mg/m REL (Recommended)TWA 1 mg/m IDLH (Immediate danger)15 mg/m Related compounds Related strong acidsSelenic acidHydrochloric acidNitric acidPerchloric acidFluoroantimonic acidChromic acidRelated compoundsSulfurous acidPeroxymonosulfuric acidSulfur trioxideOleumExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).N verify ( ?)
OrthosilicateIn chemistry, orthosilicate is the anion SiO4−4, or any of its salts and esters. It is one of the silicate anions. It is occasionally called the silicon tetroxide anion or group. Orthosilicate salts, like sodium orthosilicate, are stable, and occur widely in nature as silicate minerals, being the defining feature of the nesosilicates. Olivine, a magnesium or iron(II) orthosilicate, is the most abundant mineral in the upper mantle.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.