Calcium carbonateChemical compoundChemical compoundCrystal structure of calciteCalcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formulaCaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the mineralscalcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.
Calcium hydroxideCalcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water. Annually, approximately 125 million tons of calcium hydroxide are produced worldwide. Calcium hydroxide has many names, including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pickling lime.
LimestoneType of sedimentary rockLimestone is a type of carbonatesedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the mineralscalcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonateCaCO3. Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium.
Acetic acidChemical acid found in vinegarSample of acetic acid in a reagent bottleNames Preferred IUPAC nameAcetic acidSystematic IUPAC nameEthanoic acidOther names Vinegar (when diluted); Hydrogen acetate; Methanecarboxylic acid; Ethylic acidIdentifiers CAS Number64-19-73D model (JSmol)Interactive imageAbbreviations AcOH Beilstein Reference506007 ChEBICHEBI:15366ChEMBLChEMBL539ChemSpider171DrugBankDB03166ECHA InfoCard100.000.528EC Number200-580-7E numberE260 (preservatives)Gmelin Reference1380 IUPHAR/BPS1058KEGGC00033D00010MeSHAcetic+acidPubChemCID176RTECS numberAF1225000UNIIQ40Q9N063PUN number2789 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5024394InChIInChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESCC(O)=OProperties Chemical formulaCH3COOH Molar mass60.052 g·mol Appearance Colourless liquid OdorOverpowering vinegar-like Density1.049 g/cm (liquid); 1.27 g/cm (solid) Melting point16 to 17 °C; 61 to 62 °F; 289 to 290 K Boiling point118 to 119 °C; 244 to 246 °F; 391 to 392 K Critical point (T, P) 593 K (320 °C), 57.8 bar Solubility in waterMisciblelog P−0.28 Vapor pressure1.54653947 kPa (20 °C) 11.6 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 4.756 Conjugate baseAcetateMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−31.54·10 cm/mol Refractive index (nD)1.371 (VD = 18.19) Viscosity1.22 mPa s 1.22 cP Dipole moment1.74 D Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)123.1 J/(K⋅mol) Std molarentropy(S298)158.0 J/(K⋅mol) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−483.88–483.16 kJ/mol Std enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)−875.50–874.82 kJ/mol-876.1 kJ/mol Enthalpy of fusion(ΔfHfus)11.7 kJ/mol Enthalpy of vaporization(ΔfHvap)23.7 kJ/mol Pharmacology ATC codeG01AD02 (WHO) S02AA10 (WHO) Legal statusAU: S2 (Pharmacy medicine) / Schedule 6, Schedule 5, Schedule 2 Appendix E, clause 3 Appendix F, clause 4Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH226, H314Precautionary statementsP280, P305+P351+P338, P310NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 320Flash point40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) Autoignitiontemperature427 °C (801 °F; 700 K) Explosive limits4–16% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)3.31 g/kg, oral (rat) LC50 (median concentration)5620 ppm (mouse, 1 h)16000 ppm (rat, 4 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m) ST 15 ppm (37 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)50 ppm Related compounds Related carboxylic acidsFormic acidPropionic acidRelated compoundsAcetaldehydeAcetamideAcetic anhydrideChloroacetic acidAcetyl chlorideGlycolic acidEthyl acetatePotassium acetateSodium acetateThioacetic acidSupplementary data page Acetic acid (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).N verify ( ?)
MarbleMarble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. It has a crystalline texture, and is typically not foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the term marble refers to metamorphosed limestone, but its use in stonemasonry more broadly encompasses unmetamorphosed limestone.
Chemical compoundA chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances.
CalciumChemical element with atomic number 20 (Ca)Mg↑Ca↓Srpotassium ← calcium → scandium
VinegarVinegar (from Old French vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume. Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation – converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria.
Salt (chemistry)In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge. The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl), or organic, such as acetate (CH3COO).AnhydrousA substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve perfect dryness; anhydrous compounds gradually absorb water from the atmosphere so they must be stored carefully. Substances that contain water or its constituent elements are called hydrates.HydrateIn chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.HygroscopyHygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules, adsorbing substances can become physically changed, e.g. changing in volume, boiling point, viscosity or some other physical characteristic or property of the substance.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.