Birmingham campaignLead figuresACMHR memberRev. Fred ShuttlesworthSCLC membersMartin Luther King Jr.James BevelWyatt Tee WalkerDorothy CottonMayorsArt Hanes(1961–1963)Albert Boutwell(1963–1967)Commissioner of Public SafetyBull ConnorCommissioner of Public ImprovementsJ.
Civil rights movement1954–1968 U.S. social movementLead figuresMartin Luther King Jr.James BevelRosa ParksJohn LewisBayard RustinDwight D. EisenhowerJohn F. KennedyLyndon B. JohnsonGeorge WallaceStrom ThurmondHarry F. ByrdThe civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country, which most commonly affected African Americans.
Democratic Party (United States)Political partyThe Democratic Party is a liberal political party in the United States, sitting on the center to center-left of the political spectrum. Founded in 1828, it is the world's oldest active political party. Its main rival is the Republican Party, and since the 1850s, both have dominated American politics. The Democratic Party initially supported Jacksonian democracy, agrarianism, and geographical expansionism, while opposing a national bank and high tariffs.
Children's Crusade (1963)Lead figuresSCLC memberJames BevelCommissioner of Public SafetyBull ConnorThe Children's Crusade, or Children's March, was a march by over 1,000 school students in Birmingham, Alabama, on May 2–10, 1963. Initiated and organized by Rev. James Bevel, the purpose of the march was to walk downtown to talk to the mayor about legalized segregation in their city. Many children left their schools and were arrested, set free, and then arrested again the next day.
Birmingham Police DepartmentThe Birmingham Police Department (BPD) is the police department of the city of Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States. The department operates in an area of 148.61 square miles across two counties (384.91 km) and a population of 212,237 people.
Birmingham, AlabamaCity in Alabama, United StatesCity in Alabama, United StatesBirmingham ( ) is a city in the north central region of Alabama, United States. It is the third-most populous city in the state, with an estimated population of 196,357 as of 2024. The Birmingham metropolitan area, with over 1.19 million residents, is the largest metropolitan area in Alabama and 47th-most populous in the US.
Racial segregation in the United StatesSign for "colored" waiting room at a Greyhound bus terminal in Rome, Georgia, 1943. Throughout the Southern United States there were Jim Crow laws creating de jure legally required segregation."We Cater to White Trade Only" sign on a restaurant window in Lancaster, Ohio, in 1938. Ohio, like most of the North and West, did not have de jure statutory enforced segregation (Jim Crow laws), but many places still had de facto social segregation in the early 20th century.
Civil and political rightsCivil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state.
Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceThe Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization based in Atlanta, Georgia. SCLC is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., who had a large role in the American civil rights movement.
White supremacyBelief in the superiority of white peopleWhite supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any power and privilege held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the now-discredited doctrine of scientific racism and was a key justification for European colonialism.
City commission governmentCity commission government is a form of local government in the United States. In a city commission government, voters elect a small commission, typically of five to seven members. It is most similar to the directorial system of national government. These commissioners jointly constitute the legislative body of the city and, as a group, are responsible for taxation, appropriations, ordinances, and other general functions.
Attack dogAn attack dog (also known as a patrol dog or security dog) is a dogtrained to attack a person on command, sight, or by inferred provocation. They are used to defend people, territory, or property. Attack dogs have been utilized throughout history and are used today primarily in police and military roles. They have also been involved in a number of dog-related incidents and fatalities.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.