MonasticismMonasticism (from Ancient Greek (monakhós)'solitary, monastic'; from (mónos)'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
PratimokṣaThe Pratimokṣa (Sanskrit: , romanized: prātimokṣa) is a list of rules (contained within the vinaya) governing the behaviour of Buddhist monastics (monks or bhikṣus and nuns or bhikṣuṇīs). means "towards" and mokṣa means "liberation" from cyclic existence (saṃsāra). It became customary to recite these rules once a fortnight at a meeting of the sangha during which confession would traditionally take place.
VinayaVinaya (Pali and Sanskrit: विनय) refers to numerous monastic rules and ethical precepts for fully ordained monks and nuns of Buddhist Sanghas (community of like-minded sramanas). These sets of ethical rules and guidelines developed over time during the Buddha's life. More broadly, the term also refers to the tradition of Buddhist ethical conduct.
BhikkhuNative Chinese nameChinese和尚、僧侶Burmese nameBurmeseဘိက္ခုTibetan nameTibetanདགེ་སློང་Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetTì-kheo (Tỉ-khâu)Tăng lữChữ Hán比丘僧侣Thai nameThaiภิกษุRTGSphiksuMongolian nameMongolian CyrillicГэлэнMongolian scriptᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩJapanese nameKanji僧、比丘Bengali nameBengaliভিক্ষু(Bhikkhu)Tamil nameTamilதுறவி, tuṟaviSanskrit nameSanskritभिक्षु(Bhikṣu)Pali namePaliBhikkhuKhmer nameKhmerភិក្ខុUNGEGN: PhĭkkhŏALA-LC: BhikkhuNepali nameNepaliभिक्षुSinhala nameSinhalaභික්ෂුවTelugu nameTeluguభిక్షువు, bhikṣuvuOdia nameOdiaଭିକ୍ଷୁ, BhikhyuA bhikkhu (Pali: भिक्खु; Sanskrit: भिक्षु, romanized: bhikṣu) is an ordained male in Buddhist monasticism.
MulasarvastivadaThe Mūlasarvāstivāda (Sanskrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀤; traditional Chinese: 根本說一切有部; ; pinyin: Gēnběn Shuō Yīqièyǒu Bù; Vietnamese: Căn bản thuyết nhất thiết hữu bộ) was one of the early Buddhist schools of India. The origins of the Mūlasarvāstivāda school and their relationship to the Sarvāstivāda remain largely unknown, although various theories exist.
VassaVassa (Pali: vassa-, Sanskrit: varṣa-, both "rain") is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada Buddhists. Taking place during the wet season, Vassa lasts for three lunar months, usually from July onwards. In English, Vassa is also called Rains Retreat. While Vassa is sometimes casually called "Buddhist Lent", others object to this terminology. For the duration of Vassa, monastics remain in one place, typically a monastery or temple grounds.
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BhikkhunīBuddhist nunA bhikkhunī (Pali: 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼𑀦𑀻; Sanskrit: भिक्षुणी, romanised: bhikṣuṇī) is a fully ordained Buddhist nun. Bhikkhunīs live by the Vinaya, a set of monastic rules and ethical precepts. The total of codes of conduct prescribed for nuns amounts to either 311 (Theravada school), 348 (Dharmaguptaka school), or 364 (Mulasarvastivada school).TheravadaTheravāda (Pali: 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀤, Theravāda; Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद, Sthaviravāda) is Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed Theravādins (anglicized from Pali theravādī, 𑀣𑁂𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀤𑀻), have preserved their version of the Buddha's teaching or Dhamma in the Pāli Canon for over two millennia.
DharmaguptakaThe Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit: धर्मगुप्तक; Chinese: 法藏部; pinyin: Fǎzàng Bù; Vietnamese: Pháp Tạng bộ) is one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools, depending on the source. They are said to have originated from another sect, the Mahīśāsakas.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.