Wave turbulenceIn continuum mechanics, wave turbulence is a set of nonlinearwaves deviated far from thermal equilibrium. Such a state is usually accompanied by dissipation. It is either or requires an external source of energy to sustain it.
Gravity waveIn fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium. An example of such an interface is that between the atmosphere and the ocean, which gives rise to wind waves. A gravity wave results when fluid is displaced from a position of equilibrium. The restoration of the fluid to equilibrium will produce a movement of the fluid back and forth, called a wave orbit.
Fluid dynamicsAspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow Computer generated animation of fluid in a tube flowing past a cylinder, showing the shedding of a series of vortices in the flow behind it, called a von Kármán vortex street.
Potential vorticitySimplified approach for understanding fluid motions in a rotating system In fluid mechanics, potential vorticity (PV) is a quantity which is proportional to the dot product of vorticity and stratification. This quantity, following a parcel of air or water, can only be changed by diabatic or frictional processes.
Potential temperatureThe potential temperature of a parcel of fluid at pressure P{\displaystyle P} is the temperature that the parcel would attain if adiabatically brought to a standard reference pressure P0{\displaystyle P_{0}}, usually 1,000 hPa (1,000 mb).
WaveIn mathematics and physical science, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Periodic waves oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some frequency. When the entire waveform moves in one direction, it is said to be a traveling wave; by contrast, a pair of identical superimposed periodic waves traveling in opposite directions makes a standing wave.
MeteorologyMeteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e., weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation, energy production, transport, agriculture, construction, weather warnings, and disaster management. Along with climatology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, and aeronomy, meteorology forms the broader field of the atmospheric sciences.
Plasma (physics)Plasma is a state of matter that results from one of the other three classical states (often, the gaseous one) having undergone an appreciable degree of ionization. It thus consists of a significant portion of charged particles (ions and/or electrons). While rarely encountered on Earth, it is estimated that 99.9% of all ordinary matter in the universe is plasma.
Rossby waveRossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born American meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby in the Earth's atmosphere in 1939. They are observed in the atmospheres and oceans of Earth and other planets, owing to the rotation of Earth or of the planet involved.
Convective instabilityIn meteorology, convective instability or stability of an air mass refers to its ability to resist vertical motion. A stable atmosphere makes vertical movement difficult, and small vertical disturbances dampen out and disappear.
Wind waveIn fluid dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing over the water's surface. The contact distance in the direction of the wind is known as the fetch. Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of kilometers before reaching land.
Phase velocityThe phase velocity of a wave is the speed of any wavefront, a surface of constant phase. This is the velocity at which the phase of any constant-frequency component of the wave travels. For such a spectral component, any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity of light waves is not a physically meaningful quantity and is not related to information transfer.LinearityIn mathematics, the term linear is used in two distinct senses for two different properties: linearity of a function (or mapping); linearity of a polynomial. An example of a linear function is the function defined by f ( x ) = ( a x , b x ) {\displaystyle f(x)=(ax,bx)} that maps the real line to a line in the Euclidean plane R2 that passes through the origin.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.