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Borders of the Roman Empire

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The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danuberivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond.LimesThe word limes is sometimes used by modern scholars to denote the frontier of the Roman Empire but was not used by the Romans as such.

DaciaDaciaToday part ofRomaniaMoldovaUkraineSlovakiaCzech RepublicPolandHungarySerbiaBulgariaDacia ( ; Latin:; Ancient Greek: Δακία) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia.RhineRhineMajor river in Western EuropeThe Rhine ( ) is one of the major rivers of Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss–Liechtenstein border, then part of the Swiss–Austrian border. From Lake Constance downstream, it forms part of the Swiss–German border. After that, the Rhine defines much of the Franco-German border. It then flows in a mostly northerly direction through the German Rhineland.Arabia PetraeaArabia PetraeaArabia Petraea (lit.'Rocky Arabia') was a Roman province from the 2nd century to the 7th century that was situated mostly in what is now Jordan. The province was established by the Roman Empire in the former territory of the Nabataean Kingdom conquered in 106 AD during the reign of Trajan (r. 98–117) and it existed until it was superseded into Palaestina Salutaris in the fourth century.Roman EmpireRoman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilizationSeptimius SeverusSeptimius SeverusRoman emperor from 193 to 211DynastySeveranFatherPublius Septimius GetaMotherFulvia PiaLucius Septimius Severus (; Latin:; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna, Libya, in the Roman province of Africa. He was of mixed Roman and Punic/Phoenician descent. As a young man, he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus.FortificationFortificationA fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a militaryconstruction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latinfortis ("strong") and facere ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest.BorderBorderBorders are generally defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders can be established through warfare, colonization, or mutual agreements between the political entities that reside in those areas.FrontierFrontierA frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, particularly zones at the edge of settled or governed territory. The concept carries distinct meanings in different national and cultural contexts, but broadly describes a transitional zone between an established civilization and unknown, ungoverned, or contested land.DanubeDanubeSecond-longest river in Europe 2128Linz1918Vienna River Morava1867Bratislava 1794Győr1639Budapest1579Dunaújváros 1433 1425Danube–Tisa–Danube Canal1424Bezdan Bridge 1382River Drava1367Bogojevo Road Bridge 1366Bogojevo Railway Bridge 1335Vukovar1297Ilok–Bačka Palanka Bridge 1296RiverRiverA river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of its course if it runs out of water, or only flow during certain seasons. Rivers are regulated by the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth.Roman SyriaRoman SyriaToday part ofSyriaLebanonTurkeyRoman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BCE by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of the King of Armenia, Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Seleucid Empire. The last few centuries of Roman Syria, before the region's incorporation into the Rashidun Caliphate, are called Late antique Syria.Moesian LimesMoesian LimesThe Moesian Limes (Latin: Limes Moesicus) is the modern term given to a linked series of Romanforts on the northern frontier of the Roman province of Moesia along the Danube between the Black Sea shore and Pannonia (present-day Hungary) and dating from the 1st century AD. It was the eastern section of the so-called Danubian Limes and protected the Roman provinces of Upper and Lower Moesia south of the river.

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