Sudan People's Liberation Movement–NorthThe Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (SPLM–N) is a political party and militant organization in Sudan based in the states of Blue Nile and South Kordofan. The group's armed forces are the Sudan People's Liberation Army–North (SPLA–N).
Comprehensive Peace AgreementThe Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA, Arabic: اتفاقية السلام الشامل, romanized: Ittifāqiyyah al-salām al-šāmil), also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was an accord signed on 9 January 2005, by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan. The CPA was meant to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, develop democratic governance countrywide, and share oil revenues.
Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile2011–2020 insurgency in southern SudanBelligerentsSudanSRF (until 2020) JEMSPLM–NSLAAlleged support:EthiopiaCommanders and leadersAbdel Fattah al-BurhanOmar al-Bashir (until 11 April 2019)Abdel Rahim Mohd.
Sudan Revolutionary FrontThe Sudan Revolutionary Front (Arabic: الجبهة الثورية السودانية, romanized: Al-Jabhah Al-Thawrīyah Al-Sūdānīyah), or the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF), is an alliance between Sudanese factions that was created in opposition to the government of President Omar al-Bashir.
Sennar StateSennar (Arabic: سنار Sannār) is one of the 18 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 37,844 km2 (14,612 sq mi) and had a population of approximately 1,918,692 in 2018. The state borders Gezira and Al Qadarif to the north, White Nile and South Sudan to the west, Blue Nile to the south, and Ethiopia to the east.
States of SudanBelow is a list of the 18 states of the Sudan (Arabic names are in parentheses). Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of the Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.
Omar al-BashirLeader of Sudan from 1989 to 2019NCP1996200020102015President of Sudan1989-2019GovernmentBashirist Sudan1989 coupState Sponsors of TerrorismOperation Infinite Reach2019 coupSudanese revolution2010 gubernatorial elections1998 constitutional referendum2011 South Sudanese independenceWarsSecond Civil WarWar in DarfurComprehensive Peace AgreementDarfur Peace AgreementDoha Agreement (2011)ICC in DarfurHeglig CrisisSouth Kordofan and Blue Nile2011–2013 Sudanese protestsOmar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as head of state of Sudan under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in a coup d'état.
Hausa peopleThe Hausa people are an ethnic group native to West Africa. They speak the Hausa language, which is the second most spoken language after Arabic in the Afro-Asiatic language family.
South SudanCountry in East AfricaSouth Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. South Sudan's diverse landscape includes vast plains and plateaus, dry and tropical savannahs, inland floodplains, and forested mountains.
SudanSudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 51.8 million people as of 2025 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area.
EthiopiaFlag EmblemAnthem:ወደፊት ገሥግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ(Amharic) ("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")Show globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityAddis Ababa9°1′N38°45′E / 9.017°N 38.750°E / 9.017; 38.750Official languagesAmharicOromoSomaliTigrinyaAfarRegional languagesSidamaGurageWelaytaHarariLanguages of EthiopiaEthnic groups (2007)34.5% Oromo26.9% Amhara6.2% Somali6.1% Tigrayan4.0% Sidama2.5% Gurage2.3% Welayta1.7% Hadiya1.7% Afar1.5% Gamo12.6% othersReligion (2016)67.3% Christianity43.8% Ethiopian Orthodoxy22.8% P'ent'ay0.7% other Christian31.3% Islam0.6% traditional faiths0.8% others/noneDemonymEthiopianGovernmentFederal parliamentary republic under an authoritarian government• PresidentTaye Atske Selassie• Prime MinisterAbiy Ahmed• Deputy Prime MinistersTemesgen TirunehAdem Farah• Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme CourtTewodros MihretLegislatureFederal Parliamentary Assembly• Upper houseHouse of Federation• Lower houseHouse of Peoples' RepresentativesFormation• Ethiopian Empire1270• Zemene Mesafint7 May 1769• Reunification11 February 1855• Centralisation1904• Occupied and annexed into Italian East Africa9 May 1936• Re-establishment of independence31 January 1942Area • Total1,104,300 km (426,400 sq mi) (26th)• Water (%)0.7Population• 2025 estimate 138,902,185 (10th)• 2007 census 73,750,932• Density92.7/km (240.1/sq mi) (123rd)GDP(PPP)2024 estimate• TotalUS$434.44 bn (55th)• Per capitaUS$4,050 (159th)GDP(nominal)2024 estimate• TotalUS$145.03 bn (59th)• Per capitaUS$1,350 (159th)Gini(2021) 31.1medium inequalityHDI(2022) 0.492low (176th)CurrencyBirr (ETB)Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)Date formatdd/mm/yyyyCalling code+251ISO 3166 codeETInternet TLD.etEthiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)In July, September, and October 2022, clashes broke out between the Hausa people and Funj and Berta peoples over land disputes in the Blue Nile State in southeastern Sudan, particularly the contentious establishment of a Hausa emirate in Blue Nile State. Over the course of several attacks and massacres, hundreds of civilians were killed up until the violence ended in January 2023.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.