Battle of WuhanBelligerentsChinaJapanCommanders and leadersChiang Kai-shekChen ChengBai ChongxiXue YueWu QiweiZhang FakuiWang JingjiuOu ZhenZhang ZizhongLi ZongrenPrince Kan'inYasuji OkamuraShunroku HataPrince HigashikuniShizuichi TanakaKesago NakajimaStrengthInitially:30 divisions (approx. 256,000)Later:2,000,000 in the region(1,199,356 in about 122 divisions participating in the battle)200 aircraft30 gunboats350,000–403,200500+ aircraft120 warships and 315+ other naval vesselsCasualties and lossesInitial report: 254,628 killed or wounded (84,875 killed and 169,753 wounded)Postwar estimates: 400,000–500,000 killed, wounded, or missingJapanese claim:31,486–35,500 killed and wounded105,945+ cases of illnessPost-battle investigations by each army:11th Army: 7,092 killed and 19,112 wounded2nd Army: 2,505 killed and 7,427 woundedChinese claim:Contemporary: 256,000 killed and woundedAcademic: 200,000+Zhang:200,000+ killed and wounded100 aircraftDozens of vehicles destroyed435+ naval vessels destroyed and damaged Defense of WuhanTraditional Chinese武漢保衛戰Simplified Chinese武汉保卫战Japanese nameKanji武漢攻略戦The Battle of Wuhan (traditional Chinese: 武漢會戰; simplified Chinese: 武汉会战; Japanese: 武漢作戦 (ぶかんさくせん)), popularly known to the Chinese as the Defense of Wuhan (traditional Chinese: 武漢保衛戰; simplified Chinese: 武汉保卫战), and to the Japanese as the Capture of Wuhan, was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Battle of NankingThe Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng), the capital of the Republic of China.
Republic of China Air ForceThe Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF; Chinese: 中華民國空軍; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Kōngjūn), known colloquially as the Taiwanese Air Force (Chinese: 臺灣空軍; pinyin: Táiwān Kōngjūn), is the military aviation branch of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces. The history of the ROCAF traces back to 1920, when military aviation was first introduced by the Kuomintang within its National Revolutionary Army as its air force.
NanchangNanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.
Imperial Japanese Navy Air ServiceThe Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (大日本帝國海軍航空隊, Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Kōkū-tai) (IJNAS) was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The organization was responsible for the operation of naval aircraft and the conduct of aerial warfare in the Pacific War. The Japanese military acquired its first aircraft in 1910 and followed the development of air combat during World War I with great interest.
Type 41 75 mm mountain gunThe Type 41 75 mm mountain gun is a Japanese license-built copy of the recoiling Krupp M1908 mountain gun. The gun was introduced in 1908 and was in service until the end of World War II. HistoryThe Japanese Army obtained the license rights to build a copy of the recoiling Krupp M1908 mountain gun. It entered service in 1908.
National Revolutionary ArmyThe National Revolutionary Army (NRA; 國民革命軍) was the military arm of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1924 until 1947. The NRA was formed in 1924 from the Cantonese military forces that supported Sun Yat-sen and the KMT.
Imperial Japanese ArmyThe Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan's rapid modernization during the Meiji period, fought in numerous conflicts including the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and became a dominant force in Japanese politics.
Second Sino-Japanese War1937–1945 conflict in East AsiaBelligerentsChinaKuomintangCommunist Party of ChinaSoviet Volunteer GroupAmerican Volunteer GroupUnited StatesChina Burma India theaterJapanManchukuoWang Jingwei regimeMengjiangNorth China Political CouncilCommanders and leadersKMT:Chiang Kai-shekHe YingqinChen ChengBai ChongxiCheng QianXu YongchangCPC:Mao ZedongZhu DeYe TingChen YiS.E.A.C.:Lord MountbattenJoseph StilwellSun Li-jenLiao YaoxiangImperial General HQ:HirohitoKan'in KotohitoHajime SugiyamaHideki TojoYoshijirō UmezuNorth China Area Army:Hisaichi TerauchiHayao TadaCentral China Area Army:Iwane MatsuiOtozō Yamada:Shunroku HataToshizō NishioYasuji OkamuraUnits involvedSee combatantsStrength 16 million+ totalNationalists1.7 million (1937)2.6 million (1939)5.7 million (1945)Communists640,000 (1937)166,700 (1938)488,744 (1940)1.2 million (1945) 4.1 million totalJapan600,000 (1937)1,015,000 (1939)1,124,900 (1945) (excluding Manchuria and Burma campaign)Puppet states900,000–1,006,086 (1945)Casualties and lossesOfficial Nationalist data1,319,958 killed1,761,335 wounded130,116 missing3,211,409 total casualtiesWestern Estimate2,000,000+ killedCommunist data160,603–161,067 killed285,669–290,467 wounded87,208 missing45,989 POWs446,736 to 584,267 total casualtiesTotal3.85 million casualties1 million+ captured266,800–1,000,000 POWs deadJapanese medical data455,700–700,000 military dead900,000 wounded22,293+ captured1.5~ million total casualtiesPuppet state forces288,140–574,560 dead742,000 woundedMiddle estimate: 960,000 dead and woundedTotal2.4–3.0 million casualties 12,000,000+ civilian deaths14,000,000–22,000,000 total deaths 35,000,000 total Chinese casualties (Chinese claim)^From December 1941.^Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was the Supreme Allied Commander in the China Theater, meaning U.S. forces technically fell under his overall command.Traditional Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets used to write the Chinese language, with the other being simplified characters. Traditional characters predominated in written Chinese, the historical lingua franca of East Asia, until the mid-20th century. Today, they are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia.
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JiangxiJiangxi is an inland province in east China. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it borders Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest. Major prefecture cities include its capital Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Jiujiang. Jiangxi was one of the earliest Communist bases in China.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.