Cyprien NtaryamiraCyprien Ntaryamira (6 March 1955 – 6 April 1994) was a Burundian politician who served as President of Burundi from 5 February 1994 until his assassination two months later in the context of the Burundian Civil War. A Hutu born in Burundi, Ntaryamira studied there before fleeing to Rwanda to avoid ethnic violence and complete his education. Active in a Burundian student movement, he cofounded the socialist Burundi Workers' Party and earned an agricultural degree.
Juvénal HabyarimanaJuvénal Habyarimana (Kinyarwanda: [hɑβɟɑːɾímɑ̂ːnɑ]; French: [ʒyvenal abjaʁimana]; 8 March 1937 – 6 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and military dictator who was the second president of Rwanda, from 1973 until his assassination in 1994. An ethnic Hutu, Habyarimana served in several security positions in the First Rwandese republic including minister of defense under Rwanda's second president, Grégoire Kayibanda.
Rwandan genocideMass murder campaign in RwandaThe Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died.
RwandaFlag EmblemMotto: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu(Kinyarwanda)Unity, Work, Patriotism(English)Unité, Travail, Patriotisme(French)Umoja, Kazi, Uzalendo(Swahili)Anthem: "Rwanda nziza"(English: "Beautiful Rwanda")Show globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityKigali1°56′38″S30°3′34″E / 1.94389°S 30.05944°E / -1.94389; 30.05944Official languagesKinyarwandaEnglishFrenchSwahiliNational languageKinyarwandaWorking languageEnglishEthnic groups (1994)100% Banyarwanda85% Hutu14% Tutsi1% TwaReligion 93.8% Christianity3.0% no religion2.2% Islam1.0% otherDemonymsRwandanRwandeseGovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic under an authoritariandictatorship• PresidentPaul Kagame• Prime MinisterJustin Nsengiyumva• Speaker of the Chamber of DeputiesGertrude KazarwaLegislatureParliament• Upper houseSenate• Lower houseChamber of DeputiesFormation• Kingdom of Rwanda15th century• Part of German East Africa1897–1916• Part of Ruanda-Urundi1916–1962• Rwandan Revolution1959–1961• Republic declared28 January 1961• Independence from Belgium1 July 1962• Admitted to the UN18 September 1962• Current constitution26 May 2003Area • Total26,338 km (10,169 sq mi) (144th)• Water (%)6.3Population• 2026 estimate 14,418,145 (76th)• 2022 census13,206,731• Density578/km (1,497.0/sq mi) (21st)GDP(PPP)2026 estimate• Total$65.461 billion (129th)• Per capita$4,523 (159th)GDP(nominal)2026 estimate• Total$17.336 billion (137th)• Per capita$1,198 (174th)Gini(2023) 39.4medium inequalityHDI(2023) 0.578medium (159th)CurrencyRwandan franc (RWF)Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)Date formatdd/mm/yyyy (AD)Calling code+250ISO 3166 codeRWInternet TLD.rwWebsitewww.gov.rwRwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
KigaliCapital and largest city of RwandaCapital city and province-level unit in RwandaKigali (Kinyarwanda pronunciation:), officially the City of Kigali also known as Kigali City (abbreviated as KGL), is the capital, largest city, and a province-level administrative unit of Rwanda. It is located near the country's geographic centre, in a landscape of rolling hills marked by valleys and ridges connected by steep slopes.
List of presidents of RwandaThis article lists the presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The president of Rwanda is the head of state and head of executive of the Republic of Rwanda. The president is elected every seven years by popular vote, and appoints the prime minister and all other members of Cabinet. A total of four people have served in the office.
Rwandan Patriotic FrontThe Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF–Inkotanyi; French: Front patriotique rwandais, FPR) is the ruling political party in Rwanda. The RPF was founded in December 1987 by Rwandan Tutsi exiled in Uganda because of the ethnic violence that had occurred during the Rwandan Hutu Revolution in 1959–1962. In 1990, the RPF started the Rwandan Civil War in an attempt to overthrow the Hutu-dominated Habyarimana government.TutsiThe Tutsi ( TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa. Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste.
President of BurundiThe president of Burundi, officially the president of the republic (French: Président de la République; Kirundi: Umukuru W'igihugu c' Uburundi), is the head of state of the Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Defence Force. The office of the presidency was established when Michel Micombero declared Burundi a republic on 28 November 1966.
Surface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft system; in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated anti-aircraft weapons, with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles.
BurundiBurundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and southeastern Africa, with a population of over 14 million people. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border.HutuThe Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They primarily live in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and the eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.