AspergillusAspergillus () is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide. Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly.
Aspergillus tubingensisAspergillus tubingensis is a darkly pigmented species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus section Nigri. It is often confused with Aspergillus niger due to their similar morphology and habitat. A. tubingensis is often involved in food spoilage of fruits and wheat, and industrial fermentation. This species is a rare agent of opportunistic infection.
MoldA mold (US, PH) or mould (UK, CW) is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi. Not all fungi form molds. Some fungi form mushrooms or ascomata; others grow as single cells and are called yeasts. A large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species form molds.
GenomeIn the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of junk DNA with no evident function. Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome.
EnzymeLarge biological molecule that acts as a catalystThe enzyme glucosidase converts the sugar maltose into two glucose sugars. Active site residues in red, maltose substrate in black, and NADcofactor in yellow. (PDB: 1OBB)An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
Citric acidNames IUPAC nameCitric acidPreferred IUPAC name2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acidIdentifiers CAS Number77-92-93D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:30769ChEMBLChEMBL1261ChemSpider305DrugBankDB04272ECHA InfoCard100.000.973EC Number201-069-1E numberE330 (antioxidants, ...)IUPHAR/BPS2478KEGGD00037PubChemCID31122230 (monohydrate)RTECS numberGE7350000UNIIXF417D3PSLCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID3020332InChIInChI=1S/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)Key: KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)Key: KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYAMSMILESOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)OProperties Chemical formulaC6H8O7Molar mass192.123g/mol (anhydrous), 210.14g/mol (monohydrate) Appearance white solid OdorOdorless Density1.665g/cm (anhydrous) 1.542g/cm (18°C, monohydrate) Melting point156 °C (313 °F; 429 K) Boiling point310 °C (590 °F; 583 K) decomposes from 175°C Solubility in water54%w/w (10°C) 59.2%w/w (20°C) 64.3%w/w (30°C) 68.6%w/w (40°C) 70.9%w/w (50°C) 73.5%w/w (60°C) 76.2%w/w (70°C) 78.8%w/w (80°C) 81.4%w/w (90°C) 84%w/w (100°C) SolubilitySoluble in acetone, alcohol, ether, ethyl acetate, DMSO Insoluble in benzene, CHCl3, CS2, tolueneSolubility in ethanol62g/100 g (25°C) Solubility in amyl acetate4.41g/100 g (25°C) Solubility in diethyl ether1.05g/100 g (25°C) Solubility in 1,4-dioxane35.9g/100 g (25°C) log P−1.64 Acidity (pKa) pKa1 = 3.13 pKa2 = 4.76 pKa3 = 6.39, 6.40pKa4 = 14.4 Refractive index (nD)1.493–1.509 (20°C) 1.46 (150°C) Viscosity6.5cP (50% aq.
StachybotrysStachybotrys () is a genus of molds, hyphomycetes or asexually reproducing, filamentous fungi, now placed in the family Stachybotryaceae. The genus was erected by August Carl Joseph Corda in 1837. Historically, it was considered closely related to the genus Memnoniella, because the spores are produced in slimy heads rather than in dry chains. Recently, the synonymy of the two genera is generally accepted. Most Stachybotrys species inhabit materials rich in cellulose.
GerminationGermination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant. Seed plantsGermination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed resulting in the formation of the seedling.
SoilEarth, a natural materialSurface-water-gley developed in glacial till in Northern IrelandSoil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.
Generally recognized as safeGenerally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a United StatesFood and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts under the conditions of its intended use. An ingredient with a GRAS designation is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements.
Post-translational modificationPost-translational modifications (PTMs) are the covalent processes of changing proteins following their synthesis, and release from ribosomes. PTMs are reversible editing events used and carried out in the overall process of post-translational regulation – the control of the levels of active protein; an irreversible event is proteolysis (protein degradation). PTMs enable the protein's function to be diversified and extended beyond the dictates of transcription.
Food and Drug AdministrationThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.