Medieval architectureMedieval architecture was the art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic. In the fifteenth century, architects began to favour classical forms again, in the Renaissance style, marking the end of the medieval period. Many examples of religious, civic, and military architecture from the Middle Ages survive throughout Europe.
Vault (architecture)In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, commonly of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting.
AniAni (Armenian: Անի; Ancient Greek: Ἄνιον, romanized: Ánion; Latin: Abnicum) is a ruined medieval Armenian city now situated in Turkey's province of Kars, next to the closed border with Armenia. Between 961 and 1045, it was the capital of the Bagratuni Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey. The iconic city was often referred to as the "City of 1,001 Churches," though the number was significantly less.
Mount AraratHighest mountain in TurkeyMount Ararat, officially Mount Ağrı, also known as Masis, is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano and a stratovolcano in easternmost Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of 5,137 m (16,854 ft); Little Ararat's elevation is 3,896 m (12,782 ft). The Ararat massif is about 35 km (22 mi) wide at ground base.
TholobateA tholobate (from Ancient Greek (tholobátēs)'dome pedestal'), also called a drum or tambour, is the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised. It is generally in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonalprism. The name derives from the tholos, the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning of drum is a circular section of a column shaft.
TuffTuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash lithifies into solid rock. Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock containing 25–75% ash is described as tuffaceous (for example, tuffaceous sandstone). A pyroclastic rock containing 25–75% volcanic bombs or volcanic blocks is called tuff breccia.
Composite materialMaterial made from a combination of two or more unlike substancesComposites are formed by combining materials together to form an overall structure with properties that differ from that of the individual componentsA composite or composite material (also composition material) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials.
BasaltBasalt (UK: BAH-salt); US: buh-SALT) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt has the same chemical composition and mineralogy as slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro.
Toros ToramanianToros Toramanian (Armenian: Թորոս Թորամանեան; 1864 – March 1, 1934) was a prominent Armenian architect and architectural historian. He is considered "the father of Armenian architectural historiography." Christina Maranci credited him with "establishing the practical foundation for the study of Armenian architecture with his "extensive field work, measurements, plans, and photographs."
Armenian highlandsThe Armenian highlands (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, romanized: Haykakan leṙnašxarh; Armenian upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland) comprise the most central and the highest of the three plateaus that together form the northern sector of West Asia. Clockwise starting from the west, the Armenian highlands are bounded by the Anatolian plateau, the Caucasus, the Kura-Aras lowlands, the Iranian Plateau, and Mesopotamia.
ArmeniansEthnic group native to the Caucasus and the Armenian HighlandsEthnic groupArmenians (Armenian: հայեր, romanized: hayer, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Armenians constitute the main demographic group in Armenia and constituted the main population of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh until their subsequent deportation after the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive.
Zvartnots CathedralZvartnots Cathedral (Armenian: Զուարթնոց(classical); Զվարթնոց(reformed), sometimes rendered in scholarly works as Zuart'nots' or Zuart'noc' ; lit. 'place of resurrection/lifefulness/joyfulness') is a medieval Armenian cathedral near Vagharshapat (Ejmiatsin), Armenia.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.