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Apical consonant

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An apical consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue (apex) in conjunction with upper articulators from lips to postalveolar, and possibly prepalatal. It contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue, just behind the tip.

Laminal consonantLaminal consonantPhone (speech sound) Schematic linguograms of 1) apical, 2) upper apical, 3) laminal and 4) apicolaminal stops based on Dart (1991:16), illustrating the areas of the tongue in contact with the palate during articulation (shown in grey)[clarification needed] A laminal consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue, in contact with the upper lip, teeth, alveolar ridge, to possibly, as far back as the hard palate, although in the last contact may involve parts behind the blade as well.Nasal consonantNasal consonantType of occlusive consonant In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n] as in nose, [ŋ] as in bring, and [m] as in mouth. Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages.Postalveolar consonantPostalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge. Articulation is farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants.Lateral consonantLateral consonantA lateral is a consonant in which the airstream proceeds along one or both of the sides of the tongue, but is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. An example of a lateral consonant is the EnglishL, as in Larry. Lateral consonants contrast with median consonants, in which the airstream flows through the center of the mouth.FricativeFricativeConsonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together, forming a tight stricture.Denti-alveolar consonantDenti-alveolar consonantIn linguistics, a denti-alveolar consonant, dento-alveolar consonant, or dentoalveolar consonant is a consonant that is articulated with a flat tongue against the alveolar ridge and the upper teeth, such as /t/ and /d/ in languages like French, Italian and Spanish. That is, a denti-alveolar consonant is (pre)alveolar and laminal rather than purely dental.Varieties of ArabicVarieties of ArabicVarieties of Arabic (or dialects or vernaculars) are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively. Arabic is a Semitic language within the Afroasiatic family that originated in the Arabian Peninsula. There are considerable variations from region to region, with degrees of mutual intelligibility that are often related to geographical distance and some that are mutually unintelligible.Hadhrami ArabicHadhrami ArabicHadhrami Arabic (Arabic: اللهجة الحضرمية, romanized: al-Lahjah al-Ḥaḍramiyah) is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Hadharem living in the region of Hadhramaut in southeastern Yemen.Alveolo-palatal consonantAlveolo-palatal consonantType of consonant In phonetics, alveolo-palatal (alveolopalatal, alveo-palatal or alveopalatal) consonants, sometimes synonymous with pre-palatal consonants, are intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants, or which have simultaneous alveolar and palatal articulation. In the official IPA chart, alveolo-palatals would appear between the retroflex and palatal consonants, but are omitted for "lack of space".Basque languageBasque languageLanguage of the Basque peoplePhone (phonetics)In phonetics (a branch of linguistics), a phone is any distinct speech sound. It is any surface-level or unanalyzed sound of a language, the smallest identifiable unit occurring inside a stream of speech. In spoken human language, a phone is thus any vowel or consonant sound. In sign languages, a phone is the equivalent of a unit of gesture.English languageEnglish languageWest Germanic languageEnglish is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that emerged in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca. The language is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Britain after the end of Roman rule.YemenYemenYemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in southern Arabia, the country includes the Socotra Archipelago and borders Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the northeast, the Arabian Sea to the east, the Gulf of Aden to the south, and the Red Sea to the west. It also shares maritime borders with Djibouti, Eritrea, and Somalia across the Horn of Africa.

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