History of astronomyThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)This article needs more citations.
AstronomyAstronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxies, meteoroids, asteroids, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
Milky WayGalaxy containing the Solar SystemArtist's impression of the structure of the Milky Way based on data from the European Space Agency's Gaia telescope, including the location of the spiral arms, bar, and bulgeThe Milky Way or Milky Way Galaxy, or simply the Galaxy, is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars in other arms of the galaxy, which are so far away that they cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.
University of AmsterdamPublic university in Amsterdam, NetherlandsThe University of Amsterdam (abbreviated as UvA; Dutch: Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a publicresearch university located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Established in 1632 by municipal authorities, it is the fourth-oldest academic institution in the Netherlands still in operation. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU).
Council communismForm of Left-Communism Part of a series onLeft communism Concepts Anti-Stalinist left Class consciousness Class struggle Communism Communization Mass strike Organic centralism Proletarian internationalism Workers' council World revolution Movements Bordigism In China Council communism People Appel Bordiga Camatte Cervetto Chirik Coupat Damen Fortichiari Gorter Mattick Munis Myasnikov Pankhurst Pannekoek Parodi Rühle Schröder Organizations Extant Communist Struggle Communist Workers' Organisation International Communist Current International Communist Party Internationalist Communist Party The Invisible Committee Defunct APCF Communist League Communist Workers' International Communist Workers' Party of Germany AAU-E Forward Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee International Socialists of Germany League for Proletarian Culture Left Communists Marxist Working Group Revolutionary Socialist Party Revolutionary Workers Ferment Situationist International Socialism or Barbarism Solidarity Tiqqun Workers' Group Workers' Opposition Workers' Socialist Federation Workers' Truth Related topics Autonomism Classical Marxism Impossibilism Industrial unionism Ultra-leftism Workerism Communism portal Politics portalvte Council communism or councilism is a current of left-communist thought that emerged in the 1920s. Inspired by the November Revolution, council communism was opposed to state socialism and advocated workers' councils and council democracy.
PolarisPolaris is a yellow supergiant star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris (Latinized to Alpha Ursae Minoris) and is commonly called the North Star. With an apparent magnitude that fluctuates around 1.98, it is the brightest star in the constellation and is readily visible to the naked eye at night. The position of the star lies less than 1° away from the north celestial pole, making it the current northern pole star.
Social Democratic Party of GermanyCentre-left political party in GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a centre-left social democraticpolitical party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Lars Klingbeil has been the party's leader since the 2021 SPD federal Party convention together with Bärbel Bas, who joined him in June 2025. After losing the 2025 federal election, the party is part of the Merz government as the junior coalition partner.
Dutch languageDutch (Endonym: Nederlands [ˈneːdərlɑnts] , Nederlandse taal) is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language. In Europe, Dutch is the native language of most of the population of the Netherlands and Flanders (which includes 60% of the population of Belgium).
HistorianA historian is a scholar who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. Some historians are recognized by publications or training and experience. "Historian" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany.
AstronomerAn astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers study astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, by some combination of observation and the application of astrophysical models. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies.
Marxist philosophyPhilosophy influenced by Marxist thought Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory comprises works in philosophy strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists.
PhilosophyStudy of general and fundamental questionsThe statue The Thinker by Auguste Rodin is a symbol of philosophical thought.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.