Passivation (chemistry)Passivation, in physical chemistry and engineering, refers to coating a material so it becomes "passive", that is, less readily affected or corroded by the environment. Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material, or allowed to build by spontaneous oxidation in the air.
Aluminium alloyAn aluminium alloy (UK/IUPAC) or aluminum alloy (NA; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable.
CorrosionCorrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion.
Electrolytic capacitorType of capacitorMost common styles of aluminium and tantalum electrolytic capacitorsAn assortment of electrolytic capacitorsAn electrolytic capacitor is a polarizedcapacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor.
Electrolytic cellAn electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that uses an external source of electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, a process known as electrolysis. In the cell, a voltage is applied between the two electrodes—an anode (positively charged) and a cathode (negatively charged)—immersed in an electrolyte solution.
AnodeAn anode usually is an electrode of a polarized electrical device through which conventional current enters the device. This contrasts with a cathode, which is usually an electrode of the device through which conventional current leaves the device. A common mnemonic is ACID, for Anode Current Into Device.GallingForm of wear caused by adhesion between sliding surfaces Galling on the threads not protected by PTFE tape on a NPT fitting (zoom in on first few threads for better view). An electron microscope image shows transferred sheet-material accumulated on a tool surface during sliding contact under controlled laboratory conditions. The outgrowth of material or localized, roughening and creation of protrusions on the tool surface is commonly referred to as a lump.
OxideAn oxide () is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygenatom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating.
TitaniumChemical element with atomic number 22 (Ti)–↑Ti↓Zrscandium ← titanium → vanadium
ElectrolyteAn electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions, but not through the movement of electrons. This includes most solublesalts, acids, and bases, dissolved in a polar solvent like water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly throughout the solvent. Solid-state electrolytes also exist. In medicine and sometimes in chemistry, the term electrolyte refers to the substance that is dissolved.
Zinc–↑Zn↓Cdcopper ← zinc → gallium
Thin-film interferenceThin-film interference occurs when light waves reflected by the upper and lower boundaries of a thin filminterfere with one another, increasing reflection at some wavelengths and decreasing it at others. When white light is incident on a thin film, this effect produces colorful reflections. Thin-film interference explains the multiple colors seen in light reflected from soap bubbles and oil films on water and also many colors found in nature.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.