Vinyl groupIn organic chemistry, a vinyl group (abbr. Vi; IUPAC name: ethenyl group) is a functional group with the formula −CH=CH2. It is the ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) molecule (H2C=CH2) with one fewer hydrogen atom. The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH2 where R is any other group of atoms. An industrially important example is vinyl chloride, precursor to PVC, a plastic commonly known as vinyl.
Allyl chlorideNames Preferred IUPAC name3-Chloroprop-1-eneOther names 3-Chloropropene1-Chloro-2-propene3-ChloropropyleneIdentifiers CAS Number107-05-13D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:82379ChEMBLChEMBL451126ChemSpider13836674ECHA InfoCard100.003.144EC Number209-675-8KEGGC19316PubChemCID7850RTECS numberUC7350000UNIIV2RFT0R50SUN number1100 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID4039231InChIInChI=1S/C3H5Cl/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1,3H2Key: OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C3H5Cl/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1,3H2Key: OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYAQSMILESC=CCClProperties Chemical formulaC3H5ClMolar mass76.52 g·mol Appearance Colorless, brown, yellow, or purple liquid Odorpungent, unpleasant Density0.94 g/mL Melting point−135 °C (−211 °F; 138 K) Boiling point45 °C (113 °F; 318 K) Solubility in water0.36 g/100 ml (20 °C) Solubilitysoluble in ether, acetone, benzene, chloroformVapor pressure295 mmHg Refractive index (nD)1.4055 Viscosity0.3130 mPa·s Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH225, H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335, H341, H351, H373, H400Precautionary statementsP201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 331Flash point−32 °C (−26 °F; 241 K) Autoignitiontemperature390 °C (734 °F; 663 K) Explosive limits2.9–11.2% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LC50 (median concentration)11000 mg/m (rat, 2 hr)11500 mg/m (mouse, 2 hr)5800 mg/m (guinea pig, 2 hr)22500 mg/m (rabbit, 2 hr)10500 mg/m (cat, 2 hr) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m) ST 2 ppm (6 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)250 ppm Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials (i.e. matter in its various forms that contain carbonatoms). It involves studying the structure of organic material to determine the structural formula, analyzing physical and chemical properties, and evaluating chemical reactivity to understand the behavior of organic compounds.
Chemical reactionProcess that leads to chemical changesA thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake.A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.SubstituentIn organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. The suffix -yl is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond replacing one hydrogen; -ylidene and -ylidyne are used with double bonds and triple bonds, respectively.
Methylene bridgeIn chemistry, a methylene bridge is part of a molecule with formula −CH2−. The carbon atom is connected by single bonds to two other distinct atoms in the rest of the molecule. A methylene bridge is often called a methylene group or simply methylene, as in "methylene chloride" (dichloromethaneCH2Cl2). As a bridge in other compounds, for example in cyclic compounds, it is given the name methano.
RancidificationRancidification is the process of complete or incomplete autoxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, or bacterial action, producing short-chain aldehydes, ketones and free fatty acids. When these processes occur in food, undesirable odors and flavors can result. In processed meats these flavors are collectively known as warmed-over flavor. In certain cases the flavors can be desirable, as in aged cheeses.
Theodor WertheimTheodor Wertheim (25 December 1820 – 6 July 1864) was an Austrianchemist. LifeWertheim was born on 25 December 1820 in Vienna, Austrian Empire. He was the father of gynecologistErnst Wertheim and brother of physicist . Wertheim studied organic chemistry in Berlin as a pupil of Eilhard Mitscherlich, and in 1843 travelled to the University of Prague, where he studied under Josef Redtenbacher.
Structural formulaThe structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. The chemical bonding within the molecule is also shown, either explicitly or implicitly.
Substrate (chemistry)In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent. Broadly speaking, it can refer either to a chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, or to a surface on which other chemical reactions or microscopy are performed. In biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts. In synthetic and organic chemistry a substrate is the chemical of interest that is being modified.
GarlicGarlic (Allium sativum) is a species of bulbousflowering plants in the genusAllium. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chives, Welsh onion, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to Central Asia, northeastern Iran and the foothills of Himalayas. It has naturalized in many other parts of the world, including and China. There are two subspecies and hundreds of varieties of garlic.
Garlic oilGarlic oil is the volatile oil derived from garlic. It is usually prepared using steam distillation, and can also be produced via distillation using ether. It is used in cooking and as a seasoning, a nutritional supplement, and also as an insecticide. PreparationGarlic oil is typically prepared using steam distillation, where crushed garlic is steamed with the resultant condensation containing the oil.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.