Murtaza BhuttoMurtaza Bhutto (18 September 1954 – 20 September 1996) was a Pakistani politician and leftist activist who led Al-Zulfiqar, a left-wingmilitant organization, against Zia-ul-Haq's military regime. He was a member of the Bhutto family as the son of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and a master's degree from the University of Oxford.
Benazir BhuttoBenazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani stateswoman who twice served as the prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. She was the first woman elected to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country. Ideologically a liberal and a secularist, she chaired the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from 1982 until her assassination in 2007.
Shahnawaz BhuttoShahnawaz Bhutto (21 November 1958 – 18 July 1985; Sindhi: شاھنواز ڀٽو) was the son of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the former President and Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1971 to 1977 and Begum Nusrat Bhutto, who was of Persian descent. Shahnawaz Bhutto was the youngest of Bhutto's four children, including the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1928–1979)Zulfikar Ali BhuttoNPkHPk (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani barrister, and statesman who served as the fourth president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973, and as the ninth prime minister of Pakistan from 1973 until his overthrow in 1977. He was the founder and first chairman of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from 1967 until his execution in 1979.
1977 Pakistani military coupPersonalEarly lifeZia administrationPoliciesHudud OrdinancesIslamizationEconomic policyZiaismChief of the Army StaffMilitary coup1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile MillsGang of FourPresidency1984 referendum1985 parliamentary electionsPresidential visitsAmendments to the Constitution of PakistanVIIIXPakistan International Airlines Flight 326Movement for the Restoration of DemocracyFederal Shariat CourtJam Saqi caseOrdinance XXOjhri Camp disasterZakat CouncilDeathShafi-ur-Rehman CommissionA Case of Exploding MangoesThe 1977 Pakistani military coup (codenamed Operation Fair Play) was the second military coup in the history of Pakistan.
President of PakistanThe President of Pakistan is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The president is the nominal head of the executive and the federal parliament, the first citizen of the country, and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Serving as the ceremonial head of the federation, the president is bound to act on advice of the prime minister and the federal cabinet.
Democratic Republic of AfghanistanAfghan state from 1978 to 1992The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, later known as the Republic of Afghanistan, was the left-wing-led Afghan state from 1978 to 1992. It was bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, by Iran to the west, by the Soviet Union to the north, and by China to the northeast.
Zia-ul-HaqMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a Pakistani general who ruled Pakistan from his coup in 1977 until his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He served as the chief martial law administrator from 1977 to 1985, and as the president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death. Zia was also the chief of the army staff of the Pakistan Army from 1976. He remains Pakistan's longest-serving de-facto ruler to date, and his political ideology is known as Ziaism.
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
Rahimuddin KhanRahimuddin Khan (21 July 1926 – 22 August 2022) was a Pakistani four-star general who served as the fourth Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of the Pakistan Army from 1984 to 1987. He also served as the seventh Governor of Balochistan, from 1978 to 1984, and briefly as the 16th Governor of Sindh in 1988. After the Partition of British India, Rahimuddin enrolled as the first cadet of the Pakistan Military Academy.
CommunismCommunism (from Latin'common, universal') is a political and economicideology whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic classless order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need. A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state.Chief Martial Law AdministratorThe office of the chief martial law administrator (CMLA) was a senior and authoritative post created in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia that gave considerable executive authority and powers to the holder of the post to enforce martial law in the country in events to ensure the continuity of government. This office has been used mostly by military officers staging a coup d'état. On some occasions, the office has been under a civilian head of state.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.