CrusadesThe Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the papacy between 1095 and 1291 against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land, as part of a wider crusading movement. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in November 1095—a call to arms for Christians to reconquer Jerusalem from the Muslims, with promises of spiritual reward.
Jezreel ValleyThe Jezreel Valley (Biblical Hebrew: עמק יזרעאל, romanized: ʿĒmeq Yizrəʿēl, LXX KoineΙεζραελ), or Marj Ibn Amir (Arabic: مرج ابن عامر, romanized: Marj ibn ʿĀmir, lit.'Meadow of Ibn Amir') is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel.
Via MarisVia Maris (a Latin phrase meaning 'road of the sea') was an ancient trade route, dating from the early Bronze Age, linking Egypt with the northern empires of Syria, Anatolia and Mesopotamia – along the Mediterranean coast of modern-day Egypt, Palestine, Israel, Turkey and Syria. Today, Via Maris is a historic road that runs in part along the Israeli Mediterranean coast.
Northern District (Israel)The Northern District (Hebrew: מָחוֹז הַצָּפוֹן, romanized: Mekhoz HaTzafon; Arabic: منطقة الشمال, romanized: Minṭaqat ash-Shamāl) is one of Israel's six administrative districts. The Northern District has a land area of 4,473 km, making it the second largest district in Israel.
Hebrew languageNorthwest Semitic languageHebrew is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism.
IsraelIsrael, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel's western coast lies on the Mediterranean Sea, its southern tip reaches the Red Sea, and to the east is Earth's lowest point near the Dead Sea.
Haifa BayThe Bay of Haifa or Haifa Bay (Hebrew: מפרץ חיפה, Mifratz Heifa), formerly Bay of Acre, is a bay along the Mediterranean coast of Northern Israel. Haifa Bay is Israel's only natural harbor on the Mediterranean. Haifa Bay also refers one of Haifa's nine quarters, covering the overwhelmingly industrial area northeast of Downtown and south of Kiryat Hayim.
List of cities in IsraelThe 15 most populous cities in IsraelJerusalemTel Aviv-YafoHaifaPetah TikvaRishon LeZionNetanyaAshdodBnei BrakBeershebaHolonRamat GanBeit ShemeshAshkelonRehovotBat YamThis article lists the 78 localities in Israel that the Israeli Ministry of Interior has designated as a city council. The list is based on the current index of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS).List of oldest continuously inhabited citiesThis is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited as a city. The age claims listed are generally disputed. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuous habitation", and historical evidence is often disputed. Caveats (and sources) to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.Levantine SeaThe Levantine Sea is the easternmost part of the . GeographyThe Levantine Sea is bordered by Turkey in the north and north-east corner, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel, Egypt in the south, and the Aegean Sea in the northwest. Where it is used as a term its western border is amorphous, hence Mediterranean is more commonly used.
Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea ( MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən) is an intercontinental sea situated between Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Europe, and on the south by North Africa.
ArabicArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.Bronze AgeHistorical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)Diffusion of metallurgy in Europe and Asia Minor—the darkest areas are the oldest.LocationAsiaNear EastEuropeNorth AfricaKey eventsExtensive bronze metallurgyLate Bronze Age collapseDevelopment of writingDevelopment of the chariotOne of the Alaca Höyük bronze standards from a pre-Hittite tomb dating to the 3rd millennium BC, from the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in AnkaraThe Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.