Third FitnaBelligerents Pro-QaysUmayyads Pro-YamanUmayyadsAnti-Umayyad factions AlidsIbadisKharijitesHashimiyyaCommanders and leadersAl-Walid II†Marwan IIMajza'a ibn al-KawtharYazid ibn UmarNasr ibn SayyarHawthara ibn SuhaylYazid III#Ibrahim ibn al-WalidSulayman ibn HishamYazid ibn KhalidJuday al-KirmaniXAbd Allah ibn UmarAbd Allah ibn Mu'awiyaAl-Dahhak ibn Qays†Talib al-Haqq†Abu Hamza al-Mukhtar†Abu Muslim al-KhurasaniThe Third Fitna (Arabic: الفتنة الثاﻟﺜـة, romanized: al-Fitna al-thālitha), was a series of civil wars and uprisings against the Umayyad Caliphate.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn AbdallahMuḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿal-ʿAbbās or Muḥammad al-Imām (679/80–743) was the father of the two first 'Abbâsid caliphs, Al-Saffah and Al-Mansur, and as such was the progenitor of the Abbasid dynasty. He was the son of Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas and great-grandson of al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Abbasid Da'waMuhammad ibn Ali was the leader of the Abbasid da'wa during the Umayyad Caliphate.Abbasid dynastyThe Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh, tracing their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258).
AliAli ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عليّ بن أبي طالب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; c. 600 – 661 CE) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the first Shia Imam, and the fourth Rashidun caliph, serving from 656 until his assassination in 661. He is a prominent member of the Ahl al-Bayt and Ahl al-Kisa, and a participant in the Event of the mubahala.
Ja'far ibn Abi TalibJaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib (Arabic: جَعْفَر ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب c. 590 – September 629), also known as Jaʿfar aṭ-Ṭayyār (Arabic: جَعْفَر ٱلطَّيَّار, lit. 'Ja'far the Flyer'), was a companion and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and an elder brother of Ali.
Umayyad CaliphateSecond Islamic caliphate (661–750)
ImamImam (; Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. In Sunni Islam, an Imam generally refers to a religious leader, scholar, or the person who leads Muslims in prayer. The position is not necessarily hereditary or divinely appointed. Thus in Sunni Islam, anyone can study the basic Islamic teachings and become an Imam. In Shia Islam, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders after the Prophet.
Banu HashimLifeMeccaHijrahFirst Islamic stateAfter Conquest of MeccaFarewell Pilgrimage (Farewell Sermon)HadithMilestones and recordsCareerMilitaryDiplomaticMiraclesQuran (First revelation)Isra and Mi'rajSplitting of the MoonViews and PerspectivesViews JewsChristiansPerspectives IslamBibleJudaismMedieval ChristianHistoricityCriticismSuccessionSaqifahGhadir KhummCompanions of MuhammadHadith of the pen and paperAhl al-BaytPraiseSalawatNaatMawlidRelatedMohammedanMahoundAl-Masjid an-NabawiPossessionsRelicsSealHistory of IslamBanu Hashim (Arabic: بنو هاشم, romanized: Banū Hāshim) is an Ancient Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
IranIran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and historically known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a population of over 92 million, Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population.
KufaKufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Kadhimiya, Samarra and Qom, Kufa is a holy city in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun caliph, Umar.
AlidsAlids (Arabic: العلويين, romanized: al-ʿAlawiyyīn) are the descendants of Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the fourth Sunni Rashidun caliph and the first Imam in Shia Islam. The two principal branches of the Alid lineage are the Hasanids and Husaynids, named after Hasan and Husayn, the sons of Ali and Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad.
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spokenArabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.