Fatimid CaliphateFourth Islamic caliphate (909–1171)The Fatimid Caliphate (; Arabic: الخلافة الفاطمیّة, romanised: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate that existed from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa and West Asia, it ranged from the western in the west to the Red Sea in the east.
Umayyad dynastyRulers of Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad dynastyبَنُو أُمَيَّةَالأمويونParent familyBanu Abd-Shams of the QurayshCountryUmayyad Caliphate (661–750)Umayyad state of Córdoba (756–1031)Place of originMecca, ArabiaFounded661FounderMu'awiya IHistoric seatDamascusCórdobaTitlesCaliph (Umayyad Caliphate)Emir (Emirate of Cordoba)Caliph (Caliphate of Cordoba)Branches Sufyanids Marwanids Historical Arab states and dynasties Northern Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD Osroene (Abgarids) 134 BC–242 AD Emesene Dynasty 64 BC–300s AD Kingdom of Hatra 100s–241 AD Tanukhids 196–1100 AD Ghassanids 220–638 AD Palmyra (Odaenathid) 260–273 AD Salihids 300s–500s AD Eastern Ancient Arab states Gerrha Kingdom 650 BC–300 AD Characene 141 BC-222 AD Kingdom of Kinda (Hujrids) 200 AD–528 AD Lakhmids 293–602 AD Southern Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Awsan 800 BC–700 BC Kingdom of Saba' 1200 BCE–275 CE Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt 1000 BC–290 CE Kingdom of Qatabān 1000 BC–200 CE Kingdom of Ma'in 600 BC–150 CE Kingdom of Ḥimyar 110 BCE–525 CE Arab empires and caliphates Rashidun 632–661 Umayyads 661–750 Abbasids 750–1258 Fatimids 909–1171 Caliphate of Córdoba929–1031 Omani Empire 1696–1856 Sharifian Caliphate 1916–1931 Eastern dynasties Emirate of Armenia 654–884 Emirate of Tbilisi 736–1122 Emirate of Crete 824–961 Dulafids 840–897 Habbari Emirate 854–1011 Emirate of Multan 855–1010 Kaysites 860–964 Shirvanshah 861–1538 Alid dynasties of northern Iran 864–14th century Hashimids 869–1075 Hamdanids 890–1004 Mazyadids 961–1150 Jarrahids 970–1107 Uqaylids 990–1096 Numayrids 990–1081 Mirdasids 1024–1080 Munqidhites 1025–1157 Muzaffarids 1314–1393 Ma'nids 1517–1697 Turabays 1480–1677 Harfushs 1517–1865 Shihabs 1176–1842 Western dynasties and caliphates Salihids710–1019 Fihrid Emirate745–757 Emirate of Córdoba756–929 Muhallabids771–793 Idrisids788–974 Aghlabids800–909 Sulaymanids814–922 Muslim Sicily831–1091 Kanzids1004–1412 Bakrids1012–1051 Tujibids1013–1039 Amirids1020–1086 Abbadids1023–1091 Yahsubids1023–1062 Hammudids1026–1057 Muzaynids1027–1063 Jawharids1031–1091 Hudids1039–1110 Sumadihids1041–1091 Tahirids1049–1078 Nasrids1230–1492 Saadids1554–1659 Alawis1631–present Senussids1837–1969 Arabian Peninsula Imamate of Oman 751–1970 Ziyadids 819–1138 Yufirids 847–997 Ukhaidhirds 865–1066 Rassids 897–1962 Wajihids 926–965 Sharifate of Mecca 968–1925 Sulayhids 1047–1138 Sulaymanids 1063–1174 Uyunids 1076–1253 Zurayids 1083–1174 Nabhanids 1154–1624 Mahdids 1159–1174 Rasulids 1229–1454 Usfurids 1253–1320 Jarwanids 1305–1487 Kathirids 1395–1967 Tahirids 1454–1526 Jabrids 1463–1521 Kingdom of Khaza'il 1534–1921 Qasimids 1597–1872 Ya'arubids 1624–1742 Emirate of Dir'iyah 1744–1818 Upper Yafa 1800–1967 Muscat and Oman 1820–1970 Rashidids 1836–1921 Qu'aitids 1858–1967 Emirate of Beihan 1903–1967 Idrisids 1906–1934 Mutawakkilite Kingdom 1926–1970 East Africa Makhzumi dynasty (Shewa) 896–1279 Nabahani dynasty (Pate Island) 1203–1894 Mahdali dynasty (Kilwa Sultanate) 1277–1495 Sultanate of Darfur 1448–1874 Omani Empire 1698–1856 Mazrui dynasty (Mombasa) 1746–1828 Sultanate of Zanzibar 1856–1964 Nabahani dynasty (Wituland) 1858–1895 Tippu Tip's State 1860–1887 Mahdist State 1885–1899 Current monarchies 'Alawis (Morocco) 1631–present Al Qasimi (Ras al Khaymah) 1727–present Al Qasimi (Sharjah) 1727–present Al Saud (Saudi Arabia) 1744–present Al Said (Oman) 1749–present Al Sabah (Kuwait) 1752–present Al Nahyan (Abu Dhabi) 1761–present Al Mualla (Umm al-Quwain) 1775–present Al Khalifa (Bahrain) 1783–present Al Nuaimi (Ajman) 1810–present Al Maktoum (Dubai) 1833–present Al Thani (Qatar) 1868–present Al Sharqi (Fujairah) 1879–present Hashemites (Jordan) 1921–present vte The Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, romanized: Banū Umayya, lit.
Buyid dynastyShia dynasty in Iran and Iraq (934–1062)The Buyid dynasty or Buyid Empire was a Zaydi and later Twelver Shi'a dynasty of Daylamite origin. Founded by Imad al-Dawla, they mainly ruled over central and southern Iran, and Iraq from 934 to 1062. The Buyids, together with the rise of other Iranian dynasties in the region, represents a period in Iranian history sometimes referred to as the Iranian Intermezzo.
Abbasid revolutionThe Abbasid revolution (Arabic: اَلثَّوْرَة اَلْعَبَّاسِيَّةِ, romanized: aṯ-Ṯawra al-ʿAbbāsiyyah), was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), the second major caliphate, by the Hashimiyya movement, resulting in the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517), the third major caliphate.Abbasid dynastyThe Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh, tracing their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258).
MuhammadFounder of Islam (c. 570–632)LifeMeccaHijrahFirst Islamic stateAfter Conquest of MeccaFarewell Pilgrimage (Farewell Sermon)HadithMilestones and recordsCareerMilitaryDiplomaticMiraclesQuran (First revelation)Isra and Mi'rajSplitting of the MoonViews and PerspectivesViews JewsChristiansPerspectives IslamBibleJudaismMedieval ChristianHistoricityCriticismSuccessionSaqifahGhadir KhummCompanions of MuhammadHadith of the pen and paperAhl al-BaytPraiseSalawatNaatMawlidRelatedMohammedanMahoundAl-Masjid an-NabawiPossessionsRelicsSealHistory of IslamMuhammad (c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, military, and political leader, and the founder of Islam.
QurayshLifeMeccaHijrahFirst Islamic stateAfter Conquest of MeccaFarewell Pilgrimage (Farewell Sermon)HadithMilestones and recordsCareerMilitaryDiplomaticMiraclesQuran (First revelation)Isra and Mi'rajSplitting of the MoonViews and PerspectivesViews JewsChristiansPerspectives IslamBibleJudaismMedieval ChristianHistoricityCriticismSuccessionSaqifahGhadir KhummCompanions of MuhammadHadith of the pen and paperAhl al-BaytPraiseSalawatNaatMawlidRelatedMohammedanMahoundAl-Masjid an-NabawiPossessionsRelicsSealHistory of IslamThe Quraysh (Arabic: قُرَيْشٍ) are an Arab tribe who controlled Mecca before the rise of Islam.
CaliphateIslamic form of governmentA caliphate is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
Umayyad state of CórdobaToday part ofGibraltar (UK)MoroccoPortugalSpainThe Emirate of Córdoba, and from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
Abbas ibn Abd al-MuttalibAl-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566 – c. 653 CE) was a paternal uncle and sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750. Early yearsAbbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of Abd al-Muttalib.
IslamAbrahamic monotheistic religion
Shia IslamSecond-largest branch of IslamShia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It is rooted in the belief that the Islamic prophet Muhammad explicitly designated his cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib (r. 656–661) as his rightful political successor (caliph) and the divinely guided spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.