Zélia Cardoso De Mello
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Zélia Maria Cardoso de Mello (born September 20, 1953, in
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
) served as
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
's Minister of Economy from 1990 to 1991 under
Fernando Collor de Mello Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (; born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor ...
. She was later married to Brazilian
comedian A comedian (feminine comedienne) or comic is a person who seeks to entertainment, entertain an audience by making them laughter, laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting foolishly (as in slapstick), or employing prop c ...
Chico Anysio, with whom she has two children, Rodrigo and Victoria. The couple divorced in 1998. Zélia Cardoso de Mello worked in the academic, public and private sectors in Brazil. She graduated from FEA-USP where she also got her PhD degree in economics. She was a professor at the University of São Paulo for almost 20 years. Her political career began in 1986 when Dilson Funaro, the Minister of Finance of Brazil, invited her to join his ''Economic Advisory Team'' as Director of the National Treasure Dept. In 1990 Cardoso de Mello was appointed the National Minister of Economy, Finance and Planning of Brazil under president
Fernando Collor de Mello Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (; born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor ...
. After significant criticism, she resigned this position in May 1991. In 1991, she released a biography, "Zelia, A Passion". It became a best-seller, perhaps because, according to a review, "It says little about tax reform and inflation, but a lot about Cardoso's sexual exploits in office." In 1995 she moved to
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
and became a visiting scholar at the ''Institute of Latin America and Iberian Studies'' at
Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...
. Since 1998, Cardoso de Mello has served executive positions at several major financial advisory companies focused on Brazil, including Global Access Investments, Orix and Lily Pond Capital. Her academic career was entirely accomplished in the School of Business and Economics at the University of São Paulo, where she achieved both her college degree and her doctorate, and where served as university professor. She is currently a partner at New York-based Aquila Associates.


Finance minister

As minister, Zélia was responsible for the implementation of the '' Plano Collor'', which combined fiscal and trade liberalization with radical inflation stabilization measures.Welch, John H. Birch, Melissa. Smith, Russel
ECONOMICS: BRAZIL
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. December 30, 2004. Retrieved on September 8, 2007.
A monetarist inflation stabilization was coupled with an industrial and foreign trade reform program, the ''Industrial and Foreign Trade Policy'' (Portuguese: ''Política Industrial e de Comércio Exterior''), better known as PICE, and a privatization program dubbed the "National Privatization Program" (Portuguese: ''Programa Nacional de Desestatização''), better known as the PND. The PICE was geared towards opening the Brazilian marketing to foreign competition while simultaneously fostering domestic innovation,Villela, Anibal
The Collor Plan and the Industrial and Foreign Trade Policy
.
Institute of Applied Economic Research The Institute for Applied Economic Research ( Portuguese: ''Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada'', Ipea) is a Brazilian government-led research organization dedicated to generating macroeconomical, sectorial and thematic studies in order to b ...
. 1997. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
whereas the PND was the first large-scale privatization program in Brazil, generating nearly US$4 billion for the government and privatizing 18 different state-owned enterprises.BNDES: Histórico do PND
BNDES The National Bank for Economic and Social Development or NBESD (, abbreviated: BNDES) is a development bank structured as a federal public company associated with the Ministry of the Economy of Brazil. The stated goal is to provide long-term f ...
. December 31, 2002. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
According to Carlos Eduardo Carvalho, from Departamento de Economia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo: "The Collor Plan itself began to be formatted by the president-elects advisors at the end of December 1989, after his victory in the runoff election. The final draft was probably strongly influenced by a document discussed by the advisors of PMDB party candidate Ulysses Guimarães, and later by advisors of PT party candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, during the period between the general election and the runoff. In spite of the differences in their general economic strategies, these competing candidates failed to develop their own stabilization policies at a time of rapid price increases and risk of hyperinflation during the second half of 1989. The proposal to block liquidity originated in academic debate and was imposed upon the main presidential candidacies."


Political scandal

In 1990, Cardoso de Mello had an affair with the Minister of Justice Bernardo Cabral, which was revealed when the couple danced cheek to cheek to
Bésame Mucho "Bésame Mucho" (; "Kiss Me A Lot") is a bolero song written in 1932 by Mexican songwriter Consuelo Velázquez. One of the most important songs in the history of Latin music, it became one the most popular pop standards of the 20th century as ...
during a birthday party held for Zélia. A married father of three, Cabral was forced to resign as a result. At a ceremony few days later, the regimental band of the presidential guard ( Os Dragões da Independência), introduced Zélia with "Bésame Mucho" instead of the usual military march. Its musical director, Lt. Geraldo Mendonça da Lima, was subsequently given 3 days' detention for insubordination.


See also

* Plano Collor *
Fernando Collor de Mello Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (; born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor ...


Notes


References

* Joseph A. Page (1995), ''The Brazilians''. Da Capo Press. .
Government biography
(
Portuguese language Portuguese ( or ) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomà ...
). Accessed August 15, 2005.
Época magazine story
(
Portuguese language Portuguese ( or ) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomà ...
). Accessed August 15, 2005.


External links

*
Interview to Revista ''Isto é Dinheiro'' (Portuguese)

The good results of privatization, ''Revista Bovespa'' (Portuguese)

Women in action, ''Revista Bovespa'' (Portuguese)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardoso De Mello, Zelia 1953 births Brazilian economists Brazilian women economists Living people Zélia Academic staff of the University of São Paulo University of São Paulo alumni Politicians from São Paulo Ministers of finance of Brazil Government ministers of Brazil Women government ministers of Brazil