Zofia Emilia Daszyńska-Golińska or Zofia Golińska, née Zofia Poznańska (6 August 1866 – 11 February 1934) was a Polish

socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

politician,

suffragist Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vo ...

and professor. She was an early female senator in Poland.

Life

Daszyńska-Golińska was born in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

in 1866. Her father and her mother came from educated families. She became interested in social issues and science and after studying at the Warsaw government school she went to Zurich. In Switzerland she studied philosophy, history, politics, and economics.Sophia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934)
retrieved April 2014 In Zurich, she found herself in the circle of students gathered around the ' magazine published in

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

by Stanisław Mendelson. The circle was called "Olympus" and was formed by young people with socialist views: Barbora Burbaitė, , Stanisława Popławska and her husband, Maria Kozłowska, Aleksander Tupalski,

Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (; 29 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish people, Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the first president of Poland from 11 December 1922 until Assassination of Gabriel Na ...

, Joanna Billewicz, Teodor Kodis, and Józefa Krzyżanowska. She married the political activist Felix Daszyński in Switzerland, but the marriage ended when her husband died after two years of tuberculosis. Her brother-in-law,

Ignacy Daszynski Ignacy is a Polish given name, equivalent of the name ''Ignatius''. Notable people with the name include: * Ignacy Tadeusz Baranowski (1879–1917), Polish historian * Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski (1865–1925), Polish classical scholar and archaeologi ...

, took over his brother's legacy and founded the

Polish Socialist Party The Polish Socialist Party (, PPS) is a democratic socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most significant parties in Poland from its founding in 1892 until its forced merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form ...

. He became Poland's first Prime Minister. Her second husband was a botanist named Golinski, although she remained interested in the politics she shared with her first husband. In 1891 she achieved a doctorate in demographics concerning the 18th century population of Zürich. She then studied unofficially on the outskirts of the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...

, as women could not enroll and some ideas were difficult to discuss. The institution she helped was unofficially named the Flying University. The organisation enrolled students on courses and existed from 1885 to 1907 when it achieved official recognition and became the ''Society for Scientific Studies''. Daszyńska-Golińska taught in Berlin as an assistant Professor from 1894 to 1896, before moving to

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

. She supported the

and wrote a number of books and published academic papers. In 1919, she became a professor at the

Free Polish University Free Polish University (), founded in 1918 in Warsaw, was a private university with different departments: mathematics and natural sciences, humanities, political sciences and social pedagogy. From 1929, its degrees were equivalent to those of ...

. She lectured on Economics and social issues, including labour protection. Daszyńska-Golińska was said to be more moderate than

Marxist Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflic ...

, and followed the approach of

Eduard Bernstein Eduard Bernstein (; 6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German Marxist theorist and politician. A prominent member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), he has been both condemned and praised as a "Revisionism (Marxism), revisi ...

. From 1928 to 1932 she was a member of the Polish senate, representing the BBWR party. Around this time she was a member of a number of leading feminist organisations, including the

Little Entente of Women Little Entente of Women (1923–1930) was an umbrella organization for women's groups in the Balkan region and one of the first organizations to try to reunite Eastern European women from the former Austro-Hungarian region to work on changing the ...

Legacy

She died in 1934 in Warsaw. She was awarded the Officer's Cross of

Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, ...

. She had published more than eighty books, including ''Breakthrough in Socialism'' in 1900, her two volume ''The Social Economy'' in 1906-7, ''Through a cooperative system for the future'' in 1921, ''Issues of population policy'' in 1927, and ''Social Policy'' in 1933.Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska
portalwiedzy.onet.pl, retrieved 54 April 2014

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daszynska-Golinska, Zofia 1866 births 1934 deaths Politicians from Warsaw People from Warsaw Governorate Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930) Polish socialists 20th-century Polish economists Polish women economists Women members of the Senate of Poland Polish socialist feminists University of Basel alumni Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta Polish expatriates in Switzerland 20th-century Polish women 19th-century Polish economists People from Congress Poland