Zlatopil (), also known by the Russian transliteration Zlatopol, was a small city in

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, located about 67 km northwest of

Kropyvnytskyi Kropyvnytskyi (, ) is a city in central Ukraine, situated on the Inhul, Inhul River. It serves as the administrative center of Kirovohrad Oblast. Population: Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name several times. The settlement ...

History

The name of this village before 1787 was Hulajpol. During the

partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

many residents of the town resettled near the

Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov is an inland Continental shelf#Shelf seas, shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded by Ru ...

establishing another town of

Huliaipole Huliaipole ( ; ) is a small city in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It is known as the birthplace of Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary Nestor Makhno. In January 2022, it had an estimated population of Huliaipole was attacked by ...

.Sklyarenko, Ye.
Huliaipole (ГУЛЯЙПОЛЕ)
''. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2004 In ХІХ century Zlatopol was the center of Zlatopol

volost Volost (; ; ) was a traditional administrative subdivision in Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Russian Empire. History The '' Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (1890–1907) states that the origins of the concept is unc ...

Chigirinsky Uyezd The Chigirin uezd (; ) was one of the subdivisions of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Chigirin (Chyhyryn). Demographics At the time of the Ru ...

Kiev Governorate Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire (1796–1917), Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–18; 1918–1921), Ukrainian State (1918), and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–19 ...

. In 1923–1959 Zlatopil was an administrative center of Zlatopil Raion. Since 1959 it is part of

Novomyrhorod Novomyrhorod (, ) is a city in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, central Ukraine, in the southern part of the Middle Dnieper area. It hosts the administration of Novomyrhorod urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of ...

city. Before

the Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

, Zlatopil was a prosperous

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

shtetl or ( ; , ; Grammatical number#Overview, pl. ''shtetelekh'') is a Yiddish term for small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jewish populations which Eastern European Jewry, existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The t ...

. There was also a

gymnasium (school) ''Gymnasium'' (and Gymnasium (school)#By country, variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term ''U ...

for rich people in Zlatopil. Some Jews of Zlatopil served in the

Russian army The Russian Ground Forces (), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the Army, land forces of the Russian Armed Forces. The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders, combat on land, ...

during World War I and suffered under the

pogroms A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe late 19th- and early 20th-century attacks on Jews i ...

of 1918–1920. Those who remained in Zlatopil were killed in August 1941. After World War II the Jews who survived in the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

returned to Zlatopil and buried the Jews of Zlatopil in a common grave in the old

Jewish cemetery A Jewish cemetery ( ''beit almin'' or ''beit kvarot'') is a cemetery where Jews are buried in keeping with Halakha, Jewish tradition. Cemeteries are referred to in several different ways in Hebrew, including ''beit kevarot'' (house of s ...

of Zlatopil. Today there are almost no Jews in Zlatopil. Some of the most famous Jewish families of Zlatopol are:

Brody Brody (, ; ; ; ) is a city in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the valley of the upper Styr, Styr River, approximately northeast of the oblast capital, Lviv. Brody hosts the administrati ...

, Rabbi

Nachman of Breslov Nachman of Breslov ( ''Rabbī'' ''Naḥmān mīBreslev''), also known as Rabbi Nachman of Breslev, Rabbi Nachman miBreslev, Reb Nachman of Bratslav, Reb Nachman Breslover ( ''Rebe Nakhmen Breslover''), and Nachman from Uman (April 4, 1772 – O ...

, rabbis Elijah and Hillel Poisic, (the composer)

Pokrass Pokrass () is a common Ashkenazi Jewish surname. * Pokrass brothers, composing team ** Dmitry Pokrass (1899–1978), Soviet composer **Samuel Pokrass Samuel Yakovlevich Pokrass (; 1894, in Kiev – June 15, 1939, in New York City) was a Sovi ...

, and Zola.

Notable people

Anna Bilińska Anna Bilińska (pronounced: also known as Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz; 8 December 1854 – 8 April 1893) was a Polish painter, known for her portraits. A representative of realism, she spent most of her life in Paris, and is considered the "fir ...

(1857–1893) Polish painter *

Lazar Brodsky Lazar Izrayilevich Brodsky (; ; ; – ) was a Russian businessman of Jewish origin, sugar magnate, philanthropist and patron. Early life Lazar Brodsky was born in Zlatopil, Novomyrhorod, Zlatopol, a ''shtetl'' in Kiev Governorate of the Russian ...

(1848–1904) Imperial Russian businessman of Jewish origin, sugar magnate *

Władysław Godik Władysław Godik (1 April 1892 – 18 December 1952) was a Polish Jewish singer, actor and director in Polish, Russian, and Yiddish theatre. Biography Born in Zlatopil, he moved with his family to Warsaw, where he did two semesters in the vet ...

(1882–1952) Polish-Jewish singer and director *

Alexander Myshlayevsky Alexander Zakharevich Myshlayevsky (1856–1920) was a Russian general during World War I. He was the deputy commander of the Caucasian Army and its field commander during the Battle of Sarikamish The Battle of Sarikamish was an engagemen ...

(1856–1920) Imperial Russian general *

Hillel Poisic Rabbi Hillel Poisic (; 15.1.1881 Zlatopol, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire – 1953 Tel Aviv, Israel) was a communal worker and Torah scholar. He was an expert in releasing agunot from their husbands, who abandoned them without divorce. The ...

(1881–1953) Imperial Russian rabbi *

Milly Witkop Milly Witkop(-Rocker) (March 3, 1877November 23, 1955) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish anarcho-syndicalist, feminist writer and activist. She was the common-law wife of the prominent anarcho-syndicalist leader Rudolf Rocker. The couple's son, Fermi ...

(1877–1955) Imperial Russian

anarcho-syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade unions as both ...

of Jewish origin, feminist writer and activist * Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (1772-1810) Hassidic leader

Gallery

File:Zlat Kost.jpg, Parochial church in Zlatopil File:Златопільська гімназія. Північний фасад.JPG, Built in 1891 the Zlatopil male gymnasium in 2012 File:Єврейський цвинтар (Златопіль).JPG, Entrance to Jewish cemetery in 2012

References

Zlatopol
JewishGen {{Coord, 48, 48, 50, N, 31, 39, 01, E, region:UA_type:city, display=title History of Kirovohrad Oblast Chigirinsky Uyezd Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine