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Zayul County ()
KNAB, retrieved 5 July 2021.
THL’s Online Tibetan Transliteration Converter
an
THL’s Online Tibetan Phonetics Converter
invoked 31 August 2022.
or Zayü () is a county in the Nyingchi Prefecture in the southeastern part of the
Tibet Autonomous Region The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), often shortened to Tibet in English or Xizang in Pinyin, Hanyu Pinyin, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1965 to replace the ...
, China. The historical Zayul region is marked by the basin of the Zayul River, with its two branches: ''Rongto Chu'' (or the western Zayul River) and ''Zayul Chu'' (or the eastern Zayul River). The two branches join near the town of Rima. After the junction, the Zayul river enters India's
Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...
where it is called Lohit. The Zayul county borders
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
and
Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...
to the south and China's
Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...
province to the southeast. To the northeast lies the Pome County and to the northwest the Medog County. The county's headquarter located at Kyigang Village, Zhowagoin Town.


History

During the period of the
Tibetan Empire The Tibetan Empire (,) was an empire centered on the Tibetan Plateau, formed as a result of expansion under the Yarlung dynasty heralded by its 33rd king, Songtsen Gampo, in the 7th century. It expanded further under the 38th king, Trisong De ...
, a government office was set up here. In 1371, the Phagmodrupa dynasty established the Kemai Zong. In 1912, Kemai County was established, and the county seat was moved to Gyigang (''skyid sgang''), which was under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Domai of
Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
. In 1954, it was assigned to Qamdo Prefecture (昌都专区), and in 1960, it was changed to Sangngak Cho County (''gsang sngag chos rdzong'', 桑昂曲县). In May 1966, it was renamed as Zayu County. The county seat was located in Zhowagoin Town, and it was under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level Qamdo Region (昌都地区). In 1986, it was assigned to Nyingchi Prefecture.


Geography

Zayul County is located in an area of highly varying topography, lying just south of the Tibetan Plateau in the mountainous region east of the
Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than list of h ...
where the Transhimalayas transition to the
Hengduan Mountains The Hengduan Mountains () are a group of mountain ranges in southwest China, southwest China that connect the southeast portions of the Tibetan Plateau with the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The Hengduan Mountains are primarily large north-south ...
. Specifically, the county straddles the southern parts of the Baxoila Range, the eastern parts of the Kangri Karpo mountains, and the eastern parts of the Mishmi Hills. Elevations generally decrease from northwest to southeast, with a maximal variation of : in the county,including Arunachal Pradesh areas near the southern border have an elevation of , while there are 10 peaks over , the highest being Kawagarbo in the Meili Xue Shan at . The county has an average elevation of . The primary rivers are the Zayul River through the central parts of the county and Nu River (Salween) in the east. The county has an area of . Besides India, Burma, and Yunnan, it borders Zogang County to the north and Mêdog County to the southwest.


Economy

In 2020, the GDP of Zayu County is 1.144 billion yuan, and the arable land area is . The main agricultural products are barley, wheat, rice, corn, soybean, eggplant, cucumber, pepper, rapeseed, peanut, sugar cane, tomato, mandarin orange and orange. . Raising pigs, cattle, cattle, sheep, goats, etc. in animal husbandry. Economic forests include spruce, nanmu, fir, birch, sandalwood, camphor, Yunnan pine, Huashan pine, yew, spring bud wood, etc. In 1959, the Rancha Highway connected with the Sichuan-Tibet Highway was built.


Population

According to China's seventh national census in 2020, Zayu County's permanent population was 28,237, including 14,900 males, 13,337 females, 6,459 aged 0–14, 19,235 aged 15–59, 2,543 aged 60 and over, and 22,105 Tibetans. There are 3593 Han people, 1573 Teng people and 966 other ethnic minorities. The urban population is 6,221, and the rural population is 22,016. There are 7,787 people in Zhuwagen Township, 3,544 people in Upper Chayu Township, 6,213 people in Lower Zayu Township, 6,158 people in Chawalong Township, 1,915 people in Gula Township, and 2,620 people in Guyu Township.


Climate

Owing to its moderate elevation (for Tibet), Zayul County has a subtropical highland climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cwb''), a rarity in Tibet, with mild and quite dry winters, and warm, rainy summers. The rainy season lasts from March to September, and June through August each average more than 20 days of rainfall per month. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . The frost-free period is 280 days annually. Here, the diurnal temperature range is not large, maxing out at in November. Its climate is well-suited to support a variety of agricultural and forestry products.


Environment

The central parts of Zayul County contain a large isolated section of the Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests throughout the Zayul River valley and its tributaries. The highland areas of Zayul contain Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows. The eastern parts of the county are classified as Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests. There are, however, extremely dry areas within the Nu Valley in Zayul that support mostly succulents. Gecko '' Hemiphyllodactylus zayuensis'', named after Zayul, is only known from the county.


Administrative divisions

Zayul County has administration over three towns and three townships:


Sino-Indian border dispute

China claims the entire
Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...
as being part of Tibet, especially the Walong region in the Zayul River valley below Rima. The area was one of the theatres of the 1962 Sino-Indian War.


Notes


References


Bibliography

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External links


Zayul County
OpenStreetMap, retrieved 2 October 2022.
Zayul river basin
OpenStreetMap, retrieved 2 October 2022. {{DEFAULTSORT:Zayu County Counties of Tibet Nyingchi Territorial disputes of China Territorial disputes of India