Yondonwangchug (1870 – March 24, 1938) was an

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

n nobleman of

Ulanqab Ulanqab or Ulan Chab (; mn, ''Ulaɣančab qota''; Mongolian cyrillic.Улаанцав хот) is a region administered as a prefecture-level city in south-central Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative centre is in Jining District, which w ...

League and politician under the

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

and

Mengjiang Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang or the Mongol Border Land, and governed as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being ...

governments.

Names

His name Yondonwangchug, also spelled Yondonvanchig or Yunden Wangchuk, is of Tibetan origin and is transcribed into Chinese as . For short, he is referred to as Prince Yun, a translation of .

Career

Yondonwangchug was born in 1870 in what is today

Darhan Muminggan United Banner Darhan Muminggan United Banner ( Mongolian: Дарқан Муумиңған Қолбоғату қосиғу ''Darqan Muumiŋghan Qolboghatu qosighu''; ) is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the a ...

. In his early years, he studied the

Tibetan Tibetan may mean: * of, from, or related to Tibet * Tibetan people, an ethnic group * Tibetan language: ** Classical Tibetan, the classical language used also as a contemporary written standard ** Standard Tibetan, the most widely used spoken dial ...

and

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

languages. He became deputy head of Ulanqab League in 1896. In 1924, he established the banner's first school. In 1934, he took up the chairmanship of the

Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee The Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee (蒙古地方自治政務委員會), also referred to as the Pailingmiao Council or Peilingmiao Council, was a political body of ethnic Mongols in the Chinese Republic. The Nationalist governm ...

under the

Nanjing Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...

government. However, he was frustrated by its limited authority and clashes with Suiyuan Province authorities under

Fu Zuoyi Fu Zuoyi () (June 2, 1895 − April 19, 1974) was a Chinese military leader. He began his military career in the service of Yan Xishan, and he was widely praised for his defense of Suiyuan from the Japanese. During the final stages of the Chines ...

. Angered by Shirabdorji's uncooperative attitude towards the Committee, in October 1935 Yondonwangchug attempted to strip Shirabdorji of his titles, and sent troops to Shirabdorji's residence; Shirabdorji responded that the council had no power to order his dismissal or appoint new officials to his positions, which were, after all, hereditary. There, Yondonwangchug's forces clashed with Fu's; the Nanjing government did little to intervene. After he incident he went into virtual retirement, and formally resigned in March 1936. Yondonwangchug was named chairman of the pro-Japanese

Mongol Military Government Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang or the Mongol Border Land, and governed as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being ...

when it was established in April 1936. In July 1936, a newspaper account states that he was arrested on a visit to Bailingmiao and held in the military headquarters there, and charged with high treason. In October 1937 he was announced as the chairman of the new

Mongol United Autonomous Government The Mongol United Autonomous Government was a Empire of Japan, Japanese Puppet state, puppet regime in Inner Mongolia from 1937 to 1939. History Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japanese troops were eager to sent troops into Inner Mongo ...

. He died in July 1938, reportedly by poisoning.

References

Bibliography

* *{{citation, last=Lin, first=Hsiao-ting, year=2006, title=Tibet and nationalist China's frontier: intrigues and ethnopolitics, 1928–49, publisher=UBC Press, isbn=978-0-7748-1301-3 1870 births 1938 deaths Chinese anti-communists Mengjiang Mongol collaborators with Imperial Japan Mongolian nobility People from Baotou Republic of China politicians from Inner Mongolia