
Prince Qing of the First Rank (
Manchu
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minority in China and the people from wh ...
: ; ''hošoi fengšen cin wang''), or simply Prince Qing, was the title of a
princely peerage used in China during the
Manchu
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minority in China and the people from wh ...
-led
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
(1644–1912). It was also one of the
12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded.
The first bearer of the title was
Yonglin
Yonglin (17 June 1766 – 25 April 1820), formally known as Prince Qing, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China.
Life
Yonglin was born in the Aisin-Gioro clan as the 17th and youngest son of the Qianlong Emperor. His mother, E ...
(1766–1820), the 17th son of the
Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China pr ...
. He was awarded the title by his 15th brother, the
Jiaqing Emperor
The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, personal name Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He was ...
, who succeeded their father. Between 1820 and 1908, the Prince Qing title was capped at a
''junwang'' (prince of the second rank) status, which meant that the next bearer of the title would inherit, at most, the title "Prince Qing of the Second Rank". However, from 1908 onwards, the title was accorded a
''qinwang'' (prince of the first rank) status. The title was passed down over four generations and held by five princes – three ''qinwang''s and two ''junwang''s.
Members of the Prince Qing peerage
*
Yonglin
Yonglin (17 June 1766 – 25 April 1820), formally known as Prince Qing, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China.
Life
Yonglin was born in the Aisin-Gioro clan as the 17th and youngest son of the Qianlong Emperor. His mother, E ...
(1766–1820), the
Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China pr ...
's 17th son, initially a
''beile'' from 1789 to 1799, promoted to Prince Qing of the Second Rank in 1799 and then to Prince Qing of the First Rank in 1820, posthumously honoured as Prince Qingxi of the First Rank (慶僖親王)
**
Mianmin
Mianmin (; 6 March 1797 – 11 November 1836) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince as the third son of Yonglin and Qianlong Emperor.
Life
Mianmin was born on 6 March 1797 to Yonglin's second primary consort, lady Wugiya. In 1802, Mianmin was a ...
(綿愍; 1797–1836), Yonglin's third son, held a
''feng'en fuguo gong'' title from 1802 to 1819 and a
''beizi'' title from 1819 to 1820, held the title Prince Qing of the Second Rank from 1820 to 1836, posthumously honoured as Prince Qingliang of the Second Rank (慶良郡王)
***
Yicai (奕綵; 1820–1866),
Mianzhi
Mianzhi (; 3 May 1768 - 19 May 1834) was Qing dynasty imperial prince and Qianlong Emperor's grandson.
Life
Mianzhi was born on 3 May 1768 as the eldest son of Yongxuan. His mother was Wang Yuying, a servant in the prince's manor.
He was ho ...
's son and Mianmin's adoptive son, held the title Prince Qing of the Second Rank from 1837 to 1842, stripped of his title in 1842
** Mianxing (綿性; 1814–1879), Yonglin's sixth son, held the title of a
second class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1833 to 1837 and the title of a
''buru bafen fuguo gong'' from 1837 to 1842, stripped of his title in 1842
** Mianti (綿悌; 1811–1849), Yonglin's fifth son, held a
''buru bafen fuguo gong'' title from 1831 to 1837, held a
''buru bafen zhenguo gong'' title from 1837 to 1842, demoted to a
third class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' in 1842, posthumously awarded a
''beizi'' title in 1852
***
Yikuang
Yikuang (Manchu: ''I-kuwang''; 24 March 1838 – 28 January 1917), formally known as Prince Qing (or Prince Ch'ing), was a Manchu noble and politician of the Qing dynasty. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, an ...
(1838–1917), Mianxing's eldest son and Mianti's adoptive son, initially a
''fuguo jiangjun'', promoted to
''beizi'' in 1852 and
''beile'' in 1860. In 1872, he was awarded the status but not the title of a
''junwang'' (second-rank prince). In 1884, he was made Prince Qing of the Second Rank, and was subsequently promoted to Prince Qing of the First Rank in 1894. In 1908, the Prince Qing title was given
"iron-cap" status, which meant that the next bearer would be a
''qinwang'' (first-rank prince) by default. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Qingmi of the First Rank (慶密親王).
****
Zaizhen
Zaizhen (31 March 1876 – 31 December 1947), courtesy name Yuzhou, was a Manchu prince and politician of the late Qing dynasty. Romanised forms of his name include Tsai-chen, Tsai-Chen, Tsai-Cheng.
Life and service under the Qing dynasty
Za ...
(1876–1947), Yikuang's eldest son, held a
second class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' title from 1894 to 1901 and a
''beizi'' title from 1901 to 1917, held the title Prince Qing of the First Rank from 1917 to 1947, posthumously honoured as Prince Qingzhen of the First Rank (慶貞親王)
***** Puzhong (溥鍾), Zaizhen's eldest son, held the title of a
''buru bafen fuguo gong''
***** Purui (溥銳), Zaizhen's second son, held the title of a
''buru bafen fuguo gong''
**** Zaifu (載𢱿), Yikuang's second son, held the title of a
second class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1906 to 1908, held the title of a
''buru bafen fuguo gong'' from 1908 to 1935
Family tree
See also
*
Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks.
Rule of inheritance
In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance.
* Direct imperial princes wit ...
References
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qing, Prince
Qing dynasty princely peerages
Peerages of the Bordered White Banner