Horasan (), is a municipality and

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

Erzurum Province Erzurum Province () is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its population is 749,754 (2022). The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is the fourth lar ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. Its area is 1,740 km², and its population is 36,519 (2022). The mayor is Hayrettin Özdemir ( AKP). Horasan is located in the east of

, and borders the provinces of

Ağrı Ağrı (; ) is a city in eastern Turkey, near the border with Iran. It is the seat of Ağrı Province and Ağrı District.

and

Kars Kars ( or ; ; ) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District.� ...

Etymology

Horasan is also one of the spellings of the Khorasan (or

Greater Khorasan KhorasanDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 (; , ) is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau in West Asia, West and Central Asia that encompasses wes ...

), which is a region in north east

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

with historical importance, and it is also the source of the name of the town as the first settlers of the town migrated from this region.

History

The most recent information on the history of Horasan is based on

Atatürk University Atatürk University () is a public land-grant research university established in 1957 in Erzurum, Turkey, in collaboration with the University of Nebraska. The university comprises 23 faculties, 18 colleges, 8 institutes, and 30 research cente ...

research and

documentary A documentary film (often described simply as a documentary) is a nonfiction Film, motion picture intended to "document reality, primarily for instruction, education or maintaining a Recorded history, historical record". The American author and ...

producer Tekin Gün's notes, doing research at the district. It appears that the first traces of civilization in the district having remains of the

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

point to the place's history from the year of 4000 B.C. Holding a strategic role in the East–West connection via the

Silk Road The Silk Road was a network of Asian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Spanning over , it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the ...

, the location of Horasan is home to ancient settlements and was a scene to early civil advancements. It is predicted that Horasan is the origin of the

Aryan people The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concepts, historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a Race (human categorization), racial grouping. The ter ...

spreading to

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

and

. Various

Turkic peoples Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members ...

under Göktürk and Hunnic rule, as well as the Mogols, immigrated to Horasan after the invasions of the

Arabs Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of yea ...

and

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

. In following years, the land saw

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

, Assyrian,

Urartu Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Armenia.Kleiss, Wo ...

Median The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a Sample (statistics), data sample, a statistical population, population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “ ...

and

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

, Sasani,

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

and

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

invasions, according to written archives.

Composition

There are 87

neighbourhoods A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

in Horasan District: * Adnanmenderes * Ağıllı * Akçataş * Akçatoprak * Alagöz * Aliçeyrek * Aras * Ardı * Arpaçayır * Aşağıaktaş * Aşağıbademözü *

Azap Azebs, azabs, or azaps (, from Arabic, literally ''unmarried'', meaning ''bachelor''), also known as Asappes or Asappi, were irregular soldiers, originally made up of unmarried youths. They were conscripted among reayas and served in various rol ...

Bahçe Bahçe (literally "garden") is a Turkish place name that may refer to the following places in Turkey: * Bahçe, Bismil * Bahçe, Horasan * Bahçe, Osmaniye, a rural district and town of Osmaniye Province * Bahçe, Karataş, a village in the dis ...

* Bulgurlu * Camiikebir * Çamlıkale * Çamurlu * Çayırdüzü * Çiftlik * Dalbaşı * Danişment * Değirmenler *

Dikili Dikili is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 534 km2, and its population is 47,360 (2022). The district is quite picturesque both along its Aegean shoreline and in its inland parts, and is a popular summer r ...

* Döllek * Dönertaş * Eğertaşlar * Esentepe * Fatih Sultan Mehmet * Gerek * Gündeğer * Güzelyayla * Hacıahmet * Hacıhalil * Harçlı * Hasanbaba * Hasanbey * Haydarlı * Hızardere * Hızırilyas * İğdeli * Iğırbığır * İncesu * İnönü * Kadıcelal *

Kalender Kalender is a Mahalle, neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Horasan, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 168 (2022). References

Neighbourhoods in Horasan District {{Horasan-geo-stub ...

* Karabıyık * Karacaören * Karaçuha *

Karapınar Karapınar, formerly known as Barta is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,623 km2, and its population is 50,323 (2022). Volcanic Karapınar Field is located nearby. Composition There are 42 neighbourhoods i ...

* Kaynarca * Kazım Karabekir * Kemerli * Kepenek * Kırık * Kırkdikme * Kırkgözeler * Kırklar * Kızılca * Kızlarkale * Küçükkonak * Kükürtlü * Mollaahmet * Mollamelik * Mümtazturan * Muratbağı * Pinarli * Pirali * Pirhasan * Recep Tayyip Erdoğan * Saçlık * Sekman * Şerefiye * Şeyhyusuf * Tahirhoca * Tavşancık * Teknecik * Yarboğaz * Yaylacık * Yazılıtaş * Yeşildere * Yeşilöz * Yıldıran * Yukarıbademözü * Yukarıhorum * Yukarıtahirhoca * Yürükatlı * Yüzören

Climate

Horasan has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

: ''Dfb''). Winters are very cold, with temperatures consistently below freezing. January, the coldest month, has an average temperature around . Summers are dry, with hot days and cool nights. Precipitation is fairly low year-round but peaks in spring.

References

Populated places in Erzurum Province Districts of Erzurum Province Kurdish settlements in Turkey Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey {{Erzurum-geo-stub