Yamaşev Xösäyen Minhacetdin ulı (pronounced in Tatar;

Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Ea ...

: Ямашев Хөсәен Минһаҗетдин улы; ; transl. Yamashev Khusain Mingazetdinovich, 1882–1912) was a Tatar social democrat revolutionary and publicist. In the Soviet Tatarstan he was known as "The First Tatar

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

". Xösäyen Yamaşev was born in

Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...

, in the family of affluent merchant. He studied in prestigious ''

Märcaniä Märcaniä (, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan attached to the Märcani Mosque. Brief history It was created around 1770 and had many (often coexisting) names, including ''The First Cathedral Mosque's madrasa'' and ''Yunısof's madrasa''. Later, i ...

'' and '' Möxämmädiä''

madrassa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , ), sometimes romanized as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning. ...

s in 1890-1893 and 1893-1897 correspondingly and in Tatar Teachers' School in 1897–1902. There he adopted the

Marxist Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflic ...

ideas. After entering

Kazan State University Kazan Federal University (; ) is a public research university located in Kazan, Russia. The university was founded in 1804 as Imperial Kazan University, which makes it the second oldest continuously existing tertiary education institution in Rus ...

he routinely visit the Marxist circle. Yamaşev entered the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...

in 1903, in 1905 becoming a member of

committee of the party. During

1905 Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a revolution in the Russian Empire which began on 22 January 1905 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Russian Constitution of 1906, t ...

he prepared an armed revolt, organized workers' Marxist circles. Xösäyen Yamaşev managed the translation of the Marxist literature into the

Tatar language Tatar ( ; or ) is a Turkic languages, Turkic language spoken by the Volga Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with Crimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar ...

. His brochures "Ürmäküç häm çeben" ("The Spider and the Fly"), "Berençe adım" ("The First Step") and many others, as well as leaflets, were printed in the cellar of his revolutionary friend Dulat Ali. In January 1907 Yamaşev established the first legal Tatar Bolshevist gazette ''Ural'' in

Orenburg Orenburg (, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies in Eastern Europe, along the banks of the Ural River, being approximately southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is close to the ...

, an organ of RSDLP Ural and Ufa Committee. Its official chief editor was Xösäyen's wife Xädiçä Yamaşeva. In May 1907 the ''Ural'' was prohibited and Yamaşev had returned to Kazan. Since summer of 1907 he lived in Kazan, often changing residence on an effort of conspiracy. К. Амиров. ''Казань: Где эта улица, где этот дом?'' Kazan, 1995 Yamaşev died in 1912 because of a cerebral hemorrhage, five years before the

Bolshevik Revolution The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was led by Vladimir L ...

. He was buried on Yaña-Tatar cemetery. In 1971 Xösäyen Yamaşev Prize was established in Tatarstan for journalists.

References and notes

1882 births 1912 deaths History of Tatarstan Jadids Old Bolsheviks Politicians from Kazan Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Russian communists Russian Marxists Tatar revolutionaries Tatar writers Translators from Russian Translators to Tatar 20th-century translators 19th-century translators Muslim socialists {{russia-writer-stub tt:Xösäyen Yamaşev