Xalil ( Volga Türki and

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: خلیل; ; ; died 1467) was

Khan Khan may refer to: * Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name * Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by various ethnicities Art and entertainment * Khan (band), an English progressiv ...

of the

Kazan Khanate The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatars, Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia Republic, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurti ...

from 1466 to 1467, but very little is known about him. He was the eldest son of Khan Maxmud (Mahmudek, Mäxmüd) and grandson of the first Khan of Kazan,

Ulugh Muhammad Ulugh Muhammad or Muhammad Khan (1405–1445; Chagatai, Volga Türki, and Persian: الغ محمد; Kypchak: محمد خان; written as Ulanus by orientalists) was a medieval Tatar statesman, Gengisid, Khan of the Golden Horde (before 1436) ...

. He spent his life entirely in

Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...

. He ascended to the throne after his father's death. He was succeeded by his brother Ibrahim.

Reign

Xälil continued his father's policy of the construction of

cities. Xälil was considered as an explosive and aggressive ruler. He was known for breaking the treaty with Grand Prince Ivan III and poor relations with the Nogais. He later re-established ties with the Nogais upon marriage with Nur Sultan, daughter of Nogai Timur Mirza. In Russian chronicles, the name Xälil is not mentioned at all. However, his name is mentioned in the work of the traveler of the 16th-century

Sigismund von Herberstein Siegmund (Sigismund) Freiherr von Herberstein (or Baron Sigismund von Herberstein; 23 August 1486 – 28 March 1566) was a Carniolan diplomat, writer, historian and member of the Holy Roman Empire Imperial Council. He was most noted for his exten ...

diplomat, ''

Notes on Muscovite Affairs ''Notes on Muscovite Affairs'' (''Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii'') (1549) was a Latin book by Baron Sigismund von Herberstein on the geography, history and customs of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The book was the main early source of knowledge a ...

'' (''Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii''). Also, Karl Fuchs in his work of 1817, using the ancient Tatar list of Kazan khans, mentions the name Xälil. in his works, stated: The same information can be found in the works of

Şihabetdin Märcani Şihabetdin Märcani (, Tatar alphabet#Cyrillic version, Cyrillic: , ; 1818–1889) was a Volga Tatars, Tatar Hanafi Maturidi theologian and historian. He studied in madrassas of Tashkichu (near Kazan), Bukhara and Samarkand. Beginning in 1850 h ...

. The young Khan was married to the daughter of Nogai Timur,

Nur-Sultan Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. With a population of 1,423,726 within the city limits, it is the second-largest in the country after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997. The city lies on the banks of the Ishim (river), Ishim ...

who was from the Nogais. The marriage ended without an heir because Xälil died the following year.

Death

After his death in 1467, Nur-Sultan married Xälil's younger brother and heir Ibrahim. She gave birth to Ibrahim's sons and future Khans: Möxämmädämin (r. 1484–1485, 1487–1495, 1502–1518) and Ghabdellatif (r. 1496-1502). After Ibrahim died in 1479, Nur-Sultan married the Crimean Khan

Meñli I Giray Meñli I GirayCrimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1445–1515) was thrice the List of Crimean khans, khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray. Biography Stru ...

, her third husband. According to one version, Xälil died in prison, where he had ended up due to fresh hostilities between the Kazan Khanate and the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

. Xälil was buried in the Khan's Mausoleum in the

Kazan Kremlin The Kazan Kremlin (; ) is the chief historic citadel of Russia, situated in the city of Kazan. It was built at the behest of Ivan the Terrible on the ruins of the former castle of list of Kazan khans, Kazan khans. It was declared a World Heritage ...

References

Bibliography

* Howorth, Henry Hoyle
"History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th Century. Part II, division I"
The so-called tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Londres: Longmans, Green and Co, 1880.
M. G. Khudyakov: Essays on the History of Kazan KhanateXälil Xan.
1467 deaths Khanate of Kazan Borjigin 15th-century monarchs in Europe Year of birth unknown {{Europe-royal-stub

Reign

Death

See also

References

Bibliography