Woolrich Electrical Generator

The Woolrich Electrical Generator, now in Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, England, is the earliest electrical generator used in an industrial process. Built in February 1844 at the Magneto Works of Thomas Prime and Son, Birmingham, to a design by John Stephen Woolrich (1820–1850), it was used by the firm of Elkingtons for commercial electroplating.

Plaque

The generator stood for some time in the chapel of Aston Hall, accompanied by a plaque bearing the following inscription:

Construction

The generator in its surviving form consists of 8 axial bobbins with a magnetic field applied by 4 iron horseshoe magnets. The rectangular frame was made of wood and measured 5 foot 4 inches tall, 6 feet wide, and 2 feet long. The generator was fitted with a commutator as electroplating requires direct current.

John Stephen Woolrich

The generator's designer, John Stephen Woolrich, was born in Lichfield, England in late 1820. The second son of John Woolrich (c.1791–1843) and his wife Mary Woolrich (formerly Egginton),Baptismal register, St Mary's Church, Lichfield he was baptised at St Mary's Church, Lichfield on 6 November 1820.

In August 1842 he was granted patent number 9431 for the use of a magneto-electrical machine (instead of batteries) in electroplating, and the use of gold sulphite and silver sulphite as electrolytes. He offered to sell the rights to Elkingtons for the enormous sum of £15,000; they declined, and after some heated correspondence eventually, in May 1845, agreed to pay Woolrich £100 initially and then £400 annually for the rest of the term of the patent. Woolrich later relicensed the patent himself to use in his own Magneto-Plating and Gilding Works in Great Charles Street, Birmingham,Post Office Directory of Birmingham, 1845 and in 1849 was listed as a "chemist & magneto-plater & gilder", residing at 12 James Street, just off St Paul's Square in the Jewellery Quarter.Post Office Directory of Birmingham, 1849

He died at the age of 29 in early 1850, and was buried at St Bartholomew's Church, Edgbaston on 4 March 1850.Burial register, St Bartholomew's Church, Edgbaston

The elder John Woolrich is listed in the United Kingdom Census 1841 as a "Chemist", and at the time of his death on 20 April 1843 was a lecturer in chemistry at the Royal School of Medicine and Surgery in Birmingham. He had a particular interest in electrochemistry, and in February 1819 wrote a letter entitled ''On Galvanic Shocks'' to the Annals of Philosophy, pointing out an error in the editor Thomas Thomson's book ''System of Chemistry''. He was granted a number of patents for chemical processes, including one in 1836 for an improved method of producing "carbonate of baryta" (barium carbonate) and another in 1839 for producing " carbonate of lead, commonly called white lead".

See also

* Dynamo
* Electromagnetic induction
* Faraday's law of induction

References

{{Thinktank, Birmingham

Electrical generators
Collection of Thinktank, Birmingham
1844 in England
1844 in science