Władysław Litmanowicz
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Władysław Litmanowicz (20 February 1918 – 31 March 1992) was a Polish
chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...
player and FIDE
International Arbiter In chess tournaments, an arbiter is an official who oversees matches and ensures that the rules of chess are followed. International Arbiter ''International Arbiter'' is a title awarded by FIDE to individuals deemed capable of acting as arbiter ...
(1968).


Biography

In 1939 Władysław Litmanowicz obtained the
Master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional prac ...
at Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Warsaw. In June 1941 he was deported in deeply
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. He worked as an accountant in
kolkhoz A kolkhoz ( rus, колхо́з, a=ru-kolkhoz.ogg, p=kɐlˈxos) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to eme ...
and in Kagalnik near
Azov Azov (, ), previously known as Azak ( Turki/ Kypchak: ), is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is History Early settlements in the vici ...
(1941). In August 1941 he was mobilized to
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
and directed to the monthly officer school. After graduating from school, he served as an officer in the Red Army units. August 11, 1944 he transferred to
Polish People's Army The Polish People's Army (, ; LWP) was the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East during the latter stages of the Second World War (1943–1945), and subsequently the armed forces of the Polish communist state (1945–1989 ...
. In 1947–1952 Władysław Litmanowicz was a judge of the Military District Court in
Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...
,
Kielce Kielce (; ) is a city in south-central Poland and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants. The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the banks of the Silnic ...
and Warsaw. As a judge, he participated in Stalinist trials, including in the trial of Tadeusz Klukowski and Jerzy Kurzępa, sentenced to death on October 1, 1952. Władysław Litmanowicz also sentenced to death Edmund Bukowski a lieutenant of the
Armia Krajowa The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ...
, whose body was only identified in 2013 in Headquarters on Łączka. As the chairman of the judicial panel, Władysław Litmanowicz participated in the issuing of one death sentence for independence activities, the sentence was not carried out. In 1952–1955 Władysław Litmanowicz was an officer commissioned by the adviser to the head Main Political Management of the Polish Army. He ended his career in the Polish People's Army in 1955 as
major Major most commonly refers to: * Major (rank), a military rank * Academic major, an academic discipline to which an undergraduate student formally commits * People named Major, including given names, surnames, nicknames * Major and minor in musi ...
and transferred to the reserve. In the post-war period Władysław Litmanowicz was one of the leading Polish chess players. From 1948 to 1955 he appeared five times in the
Polish Chess Championship Individual Polish Chess Championship is the most important Polish chess tournament, aiming at selecting the best chess players in Poland. Based on the results of the tournament (mainly), the Polish Chess Federation selects the national and subsequ ...
finals. His best result being obtained in 1951 in
Łódź Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located south-west of Warsaw. Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's List of cities and towns in Polan ...
, where he took the 8th place. From 1951, he was the Vice President of Sport for the Chess Section Main Committee of Physical Culture, playing a major role in its activities. He owed his organizational position to representation. In 1952 he appeared in an international tournament in
Międzyzdroje Międzyzdroje (; ), historically known as Misdroy in English, is a city and a seaside resort in northwestern Poland on the island of Wolin on the Baltic coast. The city is located in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, and is a seat of the Kamień C ...
and represented Poland at
10th Chess Olympiad The 10th Chess Olympiad (; ), organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs, FIDE and comprising an openAlthough commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players. team tournament, as w ...
in
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(scored 0.5 point in 4 games). From the beginning of the 1950s, Władysław Litmanowicz took up journalistic and journalistic work, devoting himself entirely to it in the middle of the decade after retiring from a competitive game. In the years 1950–1984 he was the editor-in-chief without interruption in monthly journal ''Szachy''. Also from 1950 he ran a chess department in ''
Trybuna Ludu ''Trybuna Ludu'' (; ''People's Tribune'') was one of the largest newspapers in communist Poland, which circulated between 1948 and 1990. It was the official media outlet of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) along with the televised news ...
''. Until the middle of 1980s, he edited chess columns in many magazines, such as: ''Express Wieczorny'', ''Perspektywy'', ''Żołnierz Polski'', ''Żołnierz Wolności'', '' Świat Młodych'' and others. In the years 1956–1970 he held many positions in
Polish Chess Federation The Polish Chess Federation (Polski Związek Szachowy, PZSzach) was created on 11 April 1926 in Warsaw. Józef Żabiński was the first chairman. The initial statute outlined the fundamental objectives of the association including amongst othe ...
, including chairman of the trainer board, vice president for sport and general secretary. In 1982 Władysław Litmanowicz was awarded the title of honorary member of Polish Chess Federation. From 1964 he was the Polish Chess Federation delegate in International Chess Federation (FIDE), then in 1970-1972 Władysław Litmanowicz was a member of the FIDE Commission, and from 1978 to 1982 its secretary. In 1968 he received the title of FIDE International Arbitr. In his chess arbitr career, he was an arbitrator on, among others at three
Chess Olympiad The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in FIDE Onli ...
(1980, 1984, 1986),
World Team Chess Championship The World Team Chess Championship is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of 10 countries whose chess federations dominate their continent. It is played every two years. In chess, this tournament and the Chess Olympiads ...
(1985) and at many international high-level chess tournaments. For his journalistic and journalistic achievements, Władysław Litmanowicz was awarded the
Order of Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in ...
Knight's Cross in 1973 and the Officer's Cross in 1982. He has one of the greatest achievements among all Polish authors writing about chess. The distinguishing feature of his work was above all the diversity of the subject matter. Władysław Litmanowicz was buried in Northern Municipal Cemetery in Warsaw.


Private life

The wife of Władysław Litmanowicz was Mirosława Litmanowicz, in the 1960s a leading Polish female chess player, FIDE Woman International Master (1967)., Polish Women's Chess Championship winner (1968) and a five-time Chess Olympiad participant (1957–1972).


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Litmanowicz, Władysław 1918 births 1992 deaths Chess arbiters Chess Olympiad competitors Chess players from Wrocław 20th-century Polish chess players 20th-century Polish sportsmen Soviet Army officers Polish People's Army personnel 20th-century Polish journalists Recipients of the Medal of the 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland