Muzaffer Pasha, born as Ladislas Czaykowski or Władysław Czajkowski (1837/40 – 1907, Beirut, Lebanon, Ottoman Empire), was Governor General ( Mutessarıf) of

Mount Lebanon Mount Lebanon (, ; , ; ) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It is about long and averages above in elevation, with its peak at . The range provides a typical alpine climate year-round. Mount Lebanon is well-known for its snow-covered mountains, ...

between 1902–1907, a post reserved by

international treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, conventio ...

for a Catholic of Ottoman nationality after the civil unrest and international intervention of 1860. He was the son of a Polish count and Polish émigré in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

Michał Czajkowski Michał Czajkowski (29 September 180418 January 1886), also known in Turkey as Mehmet Sadyk Pasha (), was a Polish writer and political émigré of distant Cossack heritage who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and also for the reestab ...

(Sadık Pasha). Czajkowski was educated in Belgium and France, graduating from the School of St Cyr in 1861. After arrival in Istanbul, he was aide-de-camp to the

Grand vizier Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Soko ...

Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman administrator and statesman, who is known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the m ...

from 1863 to 1866; then to the Sultan

Abdülaziz Abdulaziz (; ; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was 1876 Ottoman coup d'état, overthrown in a government coup. He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother ...

from 1867 to 1870, during which he accompanied the monarch on his European tour. In 1870 he was appointed to the command of a section of cavalry in the military school, and held that office until the outbreak of the

Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, Romania, Principality of Serbia, Serbia, and Principality of ...

, when he went to the front. He served on the staff, then as colonel of a regiment of cossacks. After the end of the war, the Sultan entrusted him with making a plan for reorganization of the Turkish army, which he finished in 1885, when he was raised to the rank of general in the

Ottoman Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...

. Before his election as mutessarif in September 1902, Czajkowski had been manager of the Sultan´s horse-breeding stud since 1888. After accepting the election, he was promoted to Field Marshal ( Müsir) in the Ottoman army, and received the rank of

Vizier A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a help ...

References

Polish emigrants to the Ottoman Empire 19th-century births 1907 deaths Ottoman governors of Mount Lebanon {{Ottoman-bio-stub