The Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) was the women's branch of the

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...

. It existed in two separate incarnations: the Women's Royal Air Force from 1918 to 1920 and the Women's Royal Air Force from 1949 to 1994. On 1 February 1949, the name of the First World War organisation was revived when the

Women's Auxiliary Air Force The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), whose members were referred to as WAAFs (), was the female auxiliary of the British Royal Air Force during the World War II, Second World War. Established in 1939, WAAF numbers exceeded 181,000 at its peak ...

, which had been founded in 1939, was re-established on a regular footing as the Women's Royal Air Force. The WRAF and the RAF grew closer over the following decades, with increasing numbers of trades opened to women, and the two services formally merged in 1994, marking the full assimilation of women into the British forces and the end of the Women's Royal Air Force. The Central Band of the WRAF, one of only two all-female bands in the British Armed Forces, was disbanded in 1972. Some of its musicians transferred to the Band of the Women's Royal Army Corps. Women were only permitted to become

aircrew Aircrew are personnel who operate an aircraft while in flight. The composition of a flight's crew depends on the type of aircraft, plus the flight's duration and purpose. Commercial aviation Flight deck positions In commercial aviatio ...

as air loadmasters and

air steward A flight attendant is a member of the aircrew whose primary responsibility is ensure the safety of passengers in the cabin of an aircraft across all stages of flight. Their secondary duty is to see to the comfort of passengers. Flight attend ...

s until 1989, when all flying posts were opened to women, although they were not permitted to become aircrew on fast jets until 1994. WRAF working on a De Havilland 9A

Strength

The target strength had been a force of around 90,000, figures are unreliable until 1 August 1918, when the strength was 15,433, approximately 5,000 recruits and 10,000 transferred from the predecessor organisations. The first incarnation never exceeded 25,000.

Depots

Depots were opened in 1918 at Handsworth College, in Glasgow, at RAF Flowerdown,

RAF Spitalgate Royal Air Force Spitalgate or more simply RAF Spitalgate formerly known as RFC Grantham and RAF Grantham was a Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force station, located south east of the centre of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England fronting onto th ...

, near Grantham, and at York. In the 1950s the WRAF Depot and WRAF Officer Cadet Training Unit were opened at RAF Hawkinge in Kent.

Ranks

The WRAF inherited its rank structure from its predecessor, the WAAF. As with WAAF practice (from 1940), other ranks held standard RAF ranks, but officers used a separate ranking system until 1968, when they too adopted RAF officer ranks. These ranks were introduced in 1949. The First World War service used different ranks.

List of Commandants WRAF

* Gertrude Crawford, 1918 * Violet Douglas-Pennant, May–September 1918 * Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, September 1918 – 1920

List of Directors WRAF

* Air Commandant Dame Felicity Hanbury, 1949–1950 * Air Commandant Dame Nancy Salmon, 1950–1956 * Air Commandant Dame Henrietta Barnett, 1956–1960 * Air Commandant Dame Anne Stephens, 1960–1963 * Air Commandant Dame Jean Conan Doyle, 1963–1966 * Air Commodore Dame Felicity Hill, 1966–1969 * Air Commodore Philippa Marshall, 1969–1973 * Air Commodore Molly Allott, 1973–1976 * Air Commodore Joy Tamblin, 1976–1980 * Air Commodore Helen Renton, 1980–1986 * Air Commodore Shirley Jones, 1986–1989 * Air Commodore Ruth Montague, 1989–1994

Strength

Depots

Ranks

List of Commandants WRAF

List of Directors WRAF

See also

Notes

References

Further reading