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Wojciech Bogumił Jastrzębowski (; 19 April 1799 – 30 December 1882) was a Polish scientist, naturalist, and inventor; professor of
He created the Zakład Praktyki Leśnej, the first institution for the improvement of professional forestry and gamekeeping, in Feliksów near Brok. In 2004 a monument in Jastrzębowski's honour was erected in Brok, in Masovian Province.
Jastrzębowski married Aniela z d’Cherów and had five daughters and two sons. His grandson, also named Wojciech Jastrzębowski (1884–1963), was an artist, senator of the
Ergonomia-polska.com
Website of Akademia Rolnicza in Szczecin devoted to ergonomy
Personal description of Wojciech Jastrzębowski
Image of Olszynka Grochowska
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jastrzebski, Wojciech 1799 births 1882 deaths Zoologists from the Russian Empire 19th-century Polish inventors November Uprising participants Polish biologists 19th-century Polish botanists 19th-century Polish zoologists Burials at Powązki Cemetery
botany
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
, physics
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...
, zoology
Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the anatomy, structure, embryology, Biological classification, classification, Ethology, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinction, extinct, and ...
, and horticulture
Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...
at Instytut Rolniczo-Leśny in Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
's Marymont district; a founder of ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors or human factors engineering (HFE), is the application of Psychology, psychological and Physiology, physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems. Primary goa ...
; and an insurgent in Poland's November 1830 Uprising.
In 1831 he framed the first proposal of a constitution for a European union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
.
Life
Wojciech Jastrzębowski was born in Szczepkowo-Giewarty, Janowo parish, near Mława, on 19 April 1799. He was a member of a Polish noble (''szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social ...
'') family – originally from the village of Janowiec-Jastrząbki in Janowiec Kościelny, in Pobożany parish – bearing the Pobóg coat of arms.
His father, Maciej Jastrzębowski, married Marianna Leśnikowska, heiress to part of Szczepkowo-Giewarty. Soon after their wedding, he moved to his wife's estate.
Jastrzębowski passed his ''matura
or its translated terms (''mature'', ''matur'', , , , , ', ) is a Latin name for the secondary school exit exam or "maturity diploma" in various European countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech ...
'' examination at the Warsaw Lyceum.
He participated in the November 1831 Uprising.
He created the sundial at the Warsaw Lyceum and "Jastrzębowski's compass", a device that allows sundials to be set in any place under any circumstances.
He was a pioneer of ergonomics.
Jastrzębowski became a member of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning, the Kraków Science Society, the Kielce Agricultural Society, and the Lwów Agricultural Society. He was an honorary member of the Poznań Society of Friends of Learning.
He created the Zakład Praktyki Leśnej, the first institution for the improvement of professional forestry and gamekeeping, in Feliksów near Brok. In 2004 a monument in Jastrzębowski's honour was erected in Brok, in Masovian Province.
Jastrzębowski married Aniela z d’Cherów and had five daughters and two sons. His grandson, also named Wojciech Jastrzębowski (1884–1963), was an artist, senator of the Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...
, and professor.
Wojciech Bogumił Jastrzębowski died in Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
on 30 December 1882.
On Lasting Peace among the Nations
During the 1831 Battle of Olszynka Grochowska in defense of Warsaw, during Poland's November 1830 Uprising, Jastrzębowski framed the first proposal of a constitution for a Europe united as a single republic with no internal borders, with a unified legal system, and with institutions staffed by representatives of all of Europe's peoples. The document, titled ''On Lasting Peace among the Nations'' (''O wiecznym pokoju między narodami''), comprised 77 articles and was published on 3 May 1831, the 40th anniversary of Poland'sConstitution of 3 May 1791
The Constitution of 3 May 1791, titled the Government Act, was a written constitution for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was adopted by the Great Sejm that met between 1788 and 1792. The Commonwealth was a dual monarchy comprising th ...
, Europe's first modern national constitution and the world's second after that of the United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
.
Jastrzębowski posited that all Europe's peoples should renounce their individual sovereignties and be bound by a common system of laws, and that all heads of the republic should henceforth be guardians and executors of those laws and not be referred to otherwise than as the fathers of their peoples.
Commemorations
Poland's Mazowsze Province features a cycling path, named after Jastrzębowski, from Ostrów Mazowiecka to Brok.A few writings
* ''Traktat o Wiecznym Przymierzu Miedzy Narodami Ucywilizowanymi - Konstytucja dla Europy'' (A Treatise on Eternal Union among the Civilized Nations: a Constitution for Europe), 1831. * ''Rys ergonomji czyli nauki o pracy, opartej na prawdach poczerpniętych z Nauki Przyrody'' (An Outline of Ergonomics: the Science of Work, Based on Truths Drawn from the Natural Sciences), 1857.See also
*Ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors or human factors engineering (HFE), is the application of Psychology, psychological and Physiology, physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems. Primary goa ...
* European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
* List of biologists
* List of Poles
This is a partial list of notable Polish people, Polish or Polish language, Polish-speaking or -writing people. People of partial Polish heritage have their respective ancestries credited.
Physics
*Miedziak Antal
* Czesław Białobrzesk ...
External links
Ergonomia-polska.com
Website of Akademia Rolnicza in Szczecin devoted to ergonomy
Personal description of Wojciech Jastrzębowski
Image of Olszynka Grochowska
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jastrzebski, Wojciech 1799 births 1882 deaths Zoologists from the Russian Empire 19th-century Polish inventors November Uprising participants Polish biologists 19th-century Polish botanists 19th-century Polish zoologists Burials at Powązki Cemetery