William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke
KG ( 142327 July 1469), known as "Black William", was a Welsh nobleman, soldier, politician, and courtier.
Life
He was the son of
William ap Thomas
Sir William ap Thomas (died 1445) was a Wales, Welsh nobleman, politician, knight, and courtier. He was a member of the Welsh peers and baronets, Welsh gentry family that came to be known as the Herbert (surname), Herbert family through his son ...
, founder of
Raglan Castle
Raglan Castle () is a Late Middle Ages, late medieval castle located just north of the village of Raglan, Monmouthshire, Raglan in the county of Monmouthshire in south east Wales. The modern castle dates from between the 15th and early 17th cent ...
, and
Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam, and grandson of
Dafydd Gam
Dafydd ap Llewelyn ap Hywel (c. 1380 – 25 October 1415), better known as Dafydd Gam, anglicized to David or Davy Gam, was a Welsh warrior, a prominent opponent of Owain Glyndŵr.
He died at the Battle of Agincourt fighting for Henry V, Ki ...
, an adherent of King
Henry V of England
Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from 1413 until his death in 1422. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years' War against ...
. His father had been an ally of
Richard of York
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantag ...
, and Herbert supported the
Yorkist
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, th ...
cause in the
Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars, were a series of armed confrontations, machinations, battles and campaigns fought over control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487. The conflict was fo ...
. In 1461 Herbert was rewarded by
King Edward IV
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
with the title
Baron Herbert
Baron Herbert is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by writ in 1461 for William Herbert, who was later made Earl of Pembroke. The second Earl of Pembroke surrendered his earldom in return for the earldom of Huntingdon, which be ...
of Raglan (having assumed an English-style surname in place of the Welsh
patronymic
A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an avonymic), or an earlier male ancestor. It is the male equivalent of a matronymic.
Patronymics are used, b ...
), and was invested as a
Knight of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. The most senior order of knighthood in the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, British honours system, it is outranked in ...
.
Soon after the decisive Yorkist victory at the
Battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton took place on 29 March 1461 during the Wars of the Roses, near Towton in North Yorkshire, and "has the dubious distinction of being probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil". Fought for ten hours between a ...
in 1461, Herbert replaced
Jasper Tudor
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (c. November 143121 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485. He was a member of the Tudor family of Penmynydd.
...
as
Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title, which is associated with Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in West Wales, has been recreated ten times from its origin ...
which gave him control of
Pembroke Castle
Pembroke Castle () is a medieval castle in the centre of Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in Wales. The castle was the original family seat of the Earl of Pembroke, Earldom of Pembroke. A Grade I listed building since 1951, it underwent major restoratio ...
– and with it, he gained the wardship of young
Henry Tudor. However, he fell out with
Lord Warwick "the Kingmaker" in 1469, when Warwick turned against the King. Herbert was denounced by Warwick and the
Duke of Clarence
Duke of Clarence was a substantive title created three times in the Peerage of England. The title Duke of Clarence and St Andrews has also been created in the Peerage of Great Britain, and Duke of Clarence and Avondale and Prince Leopold, Duke ...
as one of the king's "evil advisers". William and his brother
Richard
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'st ...
were executed by Warwick in Northampton, after the
Battle of Edgcote
The Battle of Edgcote (also known as the Battle of Banbury or the Battle of Danes Moor) took place on 24 July 1469, during the Wars of the Roses. It was fought between a royal army, commanded by the earls of Pembroke and Devon, and a rebel forc ...
, which took place in South Northamptonshire, near Banbury.
Herbert was succeeded by his son,
William
William is a masculine given name of Germanic languages, Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman Conquest, Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle ...
, but the earldom was surrendered in 1479. It was later revived for a grandson,
another William Herbert, the son of Black William's illegitimate son,
Sir Richard Herbert
Sir Richard Herbert (died 1510) of Ewyas, Herefordshire, was a Welsh knight, gentleman, landowner, and courtier. He was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423–1469), and Maud ap Howell Graunt, a daughter of Adam a ...
of
Ewyas
Ewyas () was a possible early Welsh people, Welsh kingdom which may have been formed around the time of the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century. The name was later used for a much smaller commote or administrative sub-division, which ...
.
Marriage and children
He married
Anne Devereux
Anne Devereux, Countess of Pembroke (c. 1430 – after 25 June 1486), was an English noblewoman, who was Countess of Pembroke during the 15th century by virtue of marriage to William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
She was born in Bodenham, ...
, daughter of
Walter Devereux,
Lord Chancellor of Ireland
The Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, commonly known as the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was the highest ranking judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. From 1721 until the end of 1800, it was also the hi ...
, and
Elizabeth Merbury. They had at least ten children:
*
William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (5 March 145116 July 1491) was an English nobleman and politician.
Early life
He was the son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (8th Creation), William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Anne Devereux. ...
(5 March 1451 – 16 July 1491).
*Sir Walter Herbert. (c. 1452 – 16 September 1507) Married
Lady Anne Stafford, sister to the
Duke of Buckingham
Duke of Buckingham, referring to the market town of Buckingham, England, is an extinct title that has been created several times in the peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. There were creations of double dukedoms of Bucki ...
.
*Sir George Herbert of St. Julians.
*Philip Herbert of Lanyhangel.
*Cecilie Herbert.
*Maud Herbert. Married
Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland.
*Katherine Herbert. Married
George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent.
*Anne Herbert. Married John Grey, 1st
Baron Grey of Powis, 9th Lord of Powys (died 1497).
*Isabel Herbert. Married Sir Thomas Cokesey.
*Margaret Herbert. Married first
Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle
Thomas Talbot, 2nd Baron Lisle and 2nd Viscount Lisle (' 1449 – 20 March 1470), English nobleman, was the son of John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle and Joan Cheddar.
He married Margaret Herbert, the daughter of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pemb ...
, and secondly Sir Henry Bodrugan.
William had three illegitimate sons but the identities of their mothers are unconfirmed:
*
Sir Richard Herbert
Sir Richard Herbert (died 1510) of Ewyas, Herefordshire, was a Welsh knight, gentleman, landowner, and courtier. He was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423–1469), and Maud ap Howell Graunt, a daughter of Adam a ...
of Ewyas. Father of
William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (of the 10th creation). Probably son of Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt (Gwynn).
*Sir George Herbert. The son of Frond verch Hoesgyn. Married Sybil Croft.
*Sir William Herbert of Troye. Son of Frond verch Hoesgyn. Married, secondly,
Blanche Whitney (née Milborne). They had two sons.
["Ruth E. Richardson,'Mistress Blanche, Queen Elizabeth I's Confidante'"]
See also
*
The White Queen (miniseries)
''The White Queen'' is a British television historical drama series for the BBC, based on ''The Cousins' War'' series of three interwoven novels — The White Queen (novel), ''The White Queen'', The Red Queen (Gregory novel), ''The Red Queen'', ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pembroke, William Herbert, 01st Earl Of
1420s births
1469 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
*01
1
Executed Welsh people
William Herbert, 01st Earl of Pembroke (1468 creation)
Knights of the Garter
People executed under the Plantagenets by decapitation
People executed under the Yorkists
People of the Wars of the Roses