West Isles Parish, New Brunswick
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West Isles is a geographic parish in Charlotte County,
New Brunswick New Brunswick is a Provinces and Territories of Canada, province of Canada, bordering Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the northeast, the Bay of Fundy to the southeast, and the U.S. state of Maine to ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
. For governance purposes, it is part of the Southwest rural district, which is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised a single
local service district Local service district may refer to these administrative units in Canada: * Local service district (New Brunswick) A local service district (LSD) was a provincial administrative unit for the provision of local services in the Canadian province o ...
(LSD), which was a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC). The parish comprises dozens of offshore islands but only the largest, Deer Island, is inhabited. There are no bridges and only Deer Island has ferry service. Historian
William Francis Ganong William Francis Ganong (19 February 1864 – 7 September 1941) was a Canadian botanist, historian and cartographer. His botany career was spent mainly as a professor at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. In his private life he contri ...
considered the name to come from the islands' position.


History

West Isles was erected in 1786 as one of the original parishes of the county, including Deer Island, Campobello, and
Grand Manan Grand Manan is a Canadian island in the Bay of Fundy, part of the province of New Brunswick. Grand Manan is also the name of an incorporated village, which includes the main island and numerous nearby islands; White Head Island, small islands n ...
, and islands in
Cobscook Bay Cobscook Bay is located in Washington County in the state of Maine. It opens into Passamaquoddy Bay, within the Bay of Fundy. Cobscook Bay is immediately south of the island city of Eastport, the main island of which (Moose Island) straddles th ...
.


Boundaries

West Isles Parish is bounded: Remainder of parish on mapbooks 490, 497, 500, and 501 at same site. * on the northeast by the Letete Passage and the
Bay of Fundy The Bay of Fundy () is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine. Its tidal range is the highest in the world. The bay was ...
; * on the east by the Bay of Fundy; * on the southeast by Head Harbour Passage; * on the southwest and west by the international border, running through the Western Passage and
Passamaquoddy Bay Passamaquoddy Bay () is an inlet of the Bay of Fundy, between the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick, at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Most of the bay lies within Canada, with its western shore bounded by Was ...
.


Evolution of boundaries

West Isles was originally defined "to contain Deer Island, Campo Bello Island,
Grand Manan Island Grand Manan is a Canadian island in the Bay of Fundy, part of the province of New Brunswick. Grand Manan is also the name of an incorporated village, which includes the main island and numerous nearby islands; White Head Island, small islands ne ...
,
Moose Island Moose Island is an island in Eastport, Maine, located at the entrance to Cobscook Bay from Passamaquoddy Bay in the Bay of Fundy. Shackford Head State Park is on Moose Island. Connected to the mainland portion of Washington County at Passamaqu ...
, Frederick Island and Dudley Island, with all the lesser islands contiguous to them, not included in the towns before-mentioned",Use of
long s The long s, , also known as the medial ''s'' or initial ''s'', is an Archaism, archaic form of the lowercase letter , found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries. It replaced one or both of the letters ''s'' in a double-''s ...
modernised for readability.
a description that included any islands more than offshore except The Wolves in Pennfield Parish. In 1803 Campobello was erected as its own parish, including nearby minor islands; Campobello inherited West Isles' claims to Cobscook Bay. In 1816 Grand Manan and was erected as its own parish, including nearby minor islands. In 1877 the parish's boundary were clarified: Campobello Parish's boundary running through Head Harbour Passage, Saint George Parish's through Letete Passage rather than two miles from the mainland, transferring several islands from Saint George to West Isles.


Local service district

The local service district of the parish of West Isles comprised the entire parish. The LSD was established in 1970 to assess for fire protection. First aid and ambulance services were added in 1982, recreational facilities in 1987. In 2022, the LSD assessed community & recreation services as well as the basic LSD services of
fire protection Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially Conflagration, destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, Compartmentalization (fire protection), compartmentalisation, suppression and inve ...
, police services,
land use planning Land use planning or ''Land-use regulation'' is the process of regulating the Land use, use of land by a central authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient resource u ...
, emergency measures, and dog control. The taxing authority is 517.00 West Isles.


Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish. ''italics'' indicate a name no longer in official use * Chocolate Cove * Cummings Cove * Fairhaven * Hersonville * Lamberts Cove * Lambertville * Leonardville * Lords Cove * Northern Harbour (''North Harbour'') * Richardson * Stuart Town


Bodies of water

Bodies of waterNot including brooks, ponds or coves. at least partly within the parish. ''italics'' indicate a name no longer in official use * Deans CreekA small
bay A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a ''gulf'', ''sea'', ''sound'', or ''bight''. A ''cove'' is a small, ci ...
.
* Mill Creek * Welch Creek *
Bay of Fundy The Bay of Fundy () is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine. Its tidal range is the highest in the world. The bay was ...
*
Passamaquoddy Bay Passamaquoddy Bay () is an inlet of the Bay of Fundy, between the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick, at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Most of the bay lies within Canada, with its western shore bounded by Was ...
* Fish Harbour * Leonardville Harbour * Northern Harbour (''North Harbour'') * Northwest Harbour * Ship Harbour * Leonards Lake * Doyles Passage (''False Passage'', ''Pendleton Passage'') * Faux Passage * Head Harbour Passage * Indian RiverA
tidal flow Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables ca ...
between islands.
* Irish Channel * Letete Passage * Little Letete Passage * Quoddy River * The Notch *
Western Passage The Western Passage is an inlet off of the Bay of Fundy just north of Eastport, Maine Eastport is a city and archipelago in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,288 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making E ...


Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish. ''italics'' indicate a name no longer in official use * Adam's Island (New Brunswick) * Bar Island * Barnes Island *
Beans Island Beans Island, (also called Bains Island) is a small uninhabited island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay. It is particularly known for being the site of North Ame ...
* Casco Bay Island * Cherry Island * Crow Island * Deer Island * Dinner Island (New Brunswick) * English Island (New Brunswick) * Fish Island (New Brunswick) * Green Island (New Brunswick) * Hardwood Island * Hospital Island (Also called Little Hardwood Island, Quarantine Island) * Indian Island * Jameson Island * Little Island * Macs Island (''McMaster Island'') * Marble Island (''Rouen Islet'') * Mink Island * Mohawk Island * Mowat Island * New Ireland Island (New Brunswick) * Nub Island * Nubble Island * Parker Island * Partridge Island * Pendleton Island * Pope's Folly Island, historically disputed ownership between Canada/USA * St. Helena Island * Sandy Island * Simpson Island (New Brunswick) * Spectacle Islands (''Spectacle Island'', ''The Specs'') * Spruce Island, red conglomerate rockGeological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress 1870-1871, pgs 82-111, https://archive.org/details/report-of-progress-gsc_1870-1871/page/n5/mode/2up As of 1839, the island was one of four belonging to the Campobello Mill and Manufacturing Company.The Campobello Mill and Manufacturing Company, in New Brunswick, British North America, 1839, https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.21703/9 * The Pup * Thumb Cap Island (''Thrumcap Island''), coarse brown/red conglomerateGeological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress 1870-1871, pgs 82-111, https://archive.org/details/report-of-progress-gsc_1870-1871/page/n5/mode/2up * Tinkers Island * White Horse Island * White Island


Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish. * The Old Sow * Whitehorse Island Protected Natural AreaWhite Horse Island. This difference in spelling is not unique.


Demographics


Population


Language


Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the parish, including external routes that start or finish at the parish limits:Atlantic Canada Back Road Atlas Pages 4, 12 *Highways **None *Principal Routes **None *Secondary Routes: ** *External Routes: ** Letete to Deer Island Ferry **Cummings Cove to Eastport Ferry **Cummings Cove to Welshpool Ferry


See also

*
List of parishes in New Brunswick The Canadian province of New Brunswick is divided by the ''Territorial Division Act'' into 152 Parish (administrative division), geographic parishes, units which had political significance as subdivisions of County, counties until the Municipaliti ...


Notes


References



{{coord, 44.981799, N, 66.944504, W, name=West Isles Parish, New Brunswick, display=title, region:CA-NB_type:adm3rd_scale:100000 Local service districts of Charlotte County, New Brunswick Parishes of Charlotte County, New Brunswick