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The war memorial on ÃŽle du Souvenir is a
war memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
dedicated to the victims of
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, located on ÃŽle du Souvenir (or
ÃŽle aux Cygnes ÃŽle aux Cygnes (; ) is a small artificial island on the river Seine in Paris, France, in the 15th arrondissement. It was created in 1827 to protect the bridge named the Pont de Grenelle. It should not be confused with an earlier ÃŽle des Cyg ...
) in the Parc de la Tête-d'Or in
Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
, France. Architect Tony Garnier designed it and sculptors Jean-Baptiste Larrivé (
cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although t ...
), Louis Bertola (
bas-reliefs Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
of ''Le Départ'' and ''La Guerre''), and
Claude Grange Claude Grange (born 23 September 1883 in Vienne, Isère, Vienne – died 22 September 1971 in Paris) was a French sculptor. Biography Claude Grange was a sculptor, born in Vienne, Isère, Vienne in Isère on 23 September 1883 and who died in ...
(
bas-reliefs Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
of ''La Paix'' and ''La Victoire'') also contributed to the work.


History

The city of
Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
launched a competition for a new
war memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
in December 1920. The result of the first round was the selection of ten projects, five of which were proposals by Tony Garnier. His project ''"Athéna"'', a huge temple with a double colonnade on the hill of
La Croix-Rousse La Croix-Rousse () is a hill high in the city of Lyon, France, as well as the name of a neighborhood located on this hill. The neighborhood is divided into ''les pentes'' (slopes, belonging to the city's 1st arrondissement) and ''le plateau'' ( ...
, won the competition in the second round. However, this project was abandoned because it was too expensive. The winner was the ''"Philae"'' project, the result of a collaboration with Jean-Baptiste Larrivé. The ensemble has been the subject of several redesigns: an initial group of six columns, each with a statue at the top, was replaced in 1922 by two fluted shafts rising from the water, which were also abandoned. Similarly, the project called for a perimeter wall with a frieze topped by colonnettes with a garland of plants, and stairs at the rear of the cenotaph - overly ambitious features that were never built. Tony Garnier worked with sculptors Jean-Baptiste Larrivé for the
cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although t ...
and Louis Bertola and Claude Grange for the
bas-reliefs Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
. The island itself was created and landscaped between 1924 and 1930.


Description

The inspiration for this project was
Arnold Böcklin Arnold Böcklin (16 October 182716 January 1901) was a Swiss Symbolism (arts), Symbolist Painting, painter. His five versions of the ''Isle of the Dead (painting), Isle of the Dead'' inspired works by several late-Romantic composers. Biography ...
's painting Isle of the Dead. It is composed of a central piece, a
cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although t ...
, which represents six bearers of a tombstone, wrapped in a shroud. It is a tribute to the 10,600 Lyonnais who died fighting for France in
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. After Jean-Baptiste Larrivé died, his brother Auguste Larrivé finished the work. Four
bas-reliefs Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
were created by Louis Bertola (''Le Départ'' and ''La Guerre'') and Claude Grange (''La Paix'' and ''La Victoire''). The monument was built from blocks of stone taken from the quarries of Cruchaud (
Buxy Buxy () is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was the headquarters of a medieval hospital which was the hospital of Tornus in the 17th century. History Buxy was the prope ...
) and Goulot (
Montagny-lès-Buxy Montagny-lès-Buxy (, literally ''Montagny near Buxy'') is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. See also *Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department The following is a lis ...
).


Conservation

Listed as a historical monument since November 4, 1982, the building is part of the Parc de la Tête-d'Or pak complex, which, in addition to the
war memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
, includes: * The main gate with its columns (''Porte des Enfants du Rhône'', ''Place du Général-Leclerc''). * The Montgolfier Gate (Avenue Verguin). * The Camellia and Pandanus greenhouses. On March 10, 2003, the building was awarded the label "Heritage of the 20th Century". A plaque commemorating this label has been placed nearby since November 2004.


Renovation

In 2013, the monument was renovated and cleaned so that the 10,600 names inscribed on the
cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although t ...
could be read (which was no longer possible). The island was closed for several years in a row, but after renovation, it was reopened to the public in early 2017.


Gallery

File:Île du souvenir au Parc de la tête d'or, 6 avril 2015.JPG, ''Île du souvenir'' at ''Parc de la tête d'or''. File:Cénotaphe avec le nom des 10600 lyonnais morts à la guerre1.jpg, Cenotaph with the names of the 10,600 Lyonnais who died in the war. File:The cenotaph and the last of the names (Vicaire-Zust).jpg, Names and holders. File:Arnold Boecklin - Island of the Dead, Third Version.JPG, Island of the Dead, Arnold Böcklin, 1883, inspiration for the project. File:Garnier-Tony, monument aux morts parc de la Tête d'Or, vue ensemble.jpg, Preliminary drawing by Tony Garnier held at the
Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (, ) is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Lyon. Located near the Place des Terreaux, it is housed in a former Benedictine convent which was active during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was res ...
. File:Garnier-Tony, monument aux morts parc de la Tête d'Or, projet 2.jpg, Preliminary drawing by Tony Garnier held at the
Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (, ) is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Lyon. Located near the Place des Terreaux, it is housed in a former Benedictine convent which was active during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was res ...
. File:Monument aux Morts (L'île du souvenir).jpg,
ÃŽle aux Cygnes ÃŽle aux Cygnes (; ) is a small artificial island on the river Seine in Paris, France, in the 15th arrondissement. It was created in 1827 to protect the bridge named the Pont de Grenelle. It should not be confused with an earlier ÃŽle des Cyg ...
in the summer of 2022. File:Sculpture and view of Monument aux Morts, l'île du Souvenir.jpg, ''La Victoire'' de
Claude Grange Claude Grange (born 23 September 1883 in Vienne, Isère, Vienne – died 22 September 1971 in Paris) was a French sculptor. Biography Claude Grange was a sculptor, born in Vienne, Isère, Vienne in Isère on 23 September 1883 and who died in ...
(cleaned up nicely in 2020). File:La guerre (Louis Bertola) et le cénotaphe (Jean Larrivé).jpg, ''La guerre'' (Louis Bertola) and the cenotaph (Jean-Baptiste Larrivé).


References


See also


Bibliography

* * {{Cite book , last1=Guiheux , first1=Alain , title=Tony Garnier : L'œuvre complète , last2=Cinqualbre , first2=Olivier , publisher=Centre Georges Pompidou , year=1989 , isbn=9782858505272 , pages=204–205 , language=fr Sculptures of men in France Cenotaphs Buildings and structures in Lyon World War I memorials in France