Under Germany's

mixed member proportional Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory tier with party lists, in a way that produces p ...

system of election, the

Bundestag The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet (assembly), Diet") is the lower house of the Germany, German Federalism in Germany, federal parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag wa ...

has 299

constituencies An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provi ...

( (), electoral districts), which are used to elect members of the Bundestag. Before the electoral reform in 2023, each constituency directly elected one MP, with the remaining seats being elected from the various party

closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some in ...

s in each of Germany's sixteen

states State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

, distributed in a manner that ensures that the overall proportion of representatives for each party above the threshold was in proportion to the share of votes its lists received nationwide. Since the 2023 reform, constituency seats are only allocated to the candidate with the most votes, if the party is proportionally entitled to the seat in that state. If a party has more constituency pluralities than it is proportionally entitled to seats in a state, only the best performing constituency winners, ranked by relative vote share, are elected. At the 2025 election, 23 constituencies had no candidate elected immediately from them, although other runner-ups from most of these constituencies were elected through their party's state list. The

2025 German federal election The 2025 German federal election was held in Germany on 23 February 2025 to elect the 630 members of the List of members of the 21st Bundestag, 21st Bundestag, down from 736 in 2021 due to reforms in seat distribution. The 2025 election took plac ...

on 23 February 2025 determined the members of the 21st Bundestag. 2025 Bundestag constituencies blank map

List of seats by ''Land''

Baden-Württemberg (38 constituencies)

Bavaria (47 constituencies)

Berlin (12 constituencies)

Brandenburg (10 constituencies)

Bremen (2 constituencies)

Hamburg (6 constituencies)

Hesse (22 constituencies)

Lower Saxony (30 constituencies)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (6 constituencies)

North Rhine-Westphalia (64 constituencies)

Rhineland-Palatinate (15 constituencies)

Saarland (4 constituencies)

Saxony (16 constituencies)

Saxony-Anhalt (8 constituencies)

Schleswig-Holstein (11 constituencies)

Thuringia (8 constituencies)

Notes

References

External links

*{{cite web , title=Bundestagswahl 2021 - Wahlkreise , url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/wahlkreiseinteilung.html , website=

Bundeswahlleiter In Germany, the Federal Returning Officer ( Grammatical gender in German#Professions, when the office is held by a woman, when by a man) is the Returning Officer responsible for overseeing Elections in Germany, elections on the Elections in Ge ...

- additional information, maps and detailed description of boundaries and changes, on the official site of the responsible branch of the German government

Constituencies An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provi ...