Vertiginidae,

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...

the whorl snails, is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of minute, air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...

s in the superfamily

Pupilloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder '' Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agard ...

Distribution

The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

: North America (60 species), Eurasia (30 species), North and central Africa (3-5 species). That gives a total of approximately 93-95 species.

Ecology

Snails in this family inhabit habitats ranging from forests to semi-open and open habitats with various different kinds of substrate cover, vegetation and humidity. They feed on

microflora Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, and have been found to ...

- bacteria and fungi - growing on dead and living plants.

Taxonomy

The following three

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): * Subfamily Vertigininae Fitzinger, 1833 ** Tribe Vertiginini Fitzinger, 1833 ** Tribe Truncatellinini Steenberg, 1925 - synonyms: Truncatellininae; Columellinae Schileyko, 1998 - raised in 2016 to family level

Truncatellinidae Truncatellinidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Chondrinoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Truncatellinidae Steenberg, 1925. Accessed ...

* Subfamily

Gastrocoptinae Gastrocoptidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, ...

Pilsbry, 1918 - synonyms: Hypselostomatinae Zilch, 1959; Aulacospirinae Zilch, 1959 * Subfamily Nesopupinae Steenberg, 1925 - synonym: Cylindrovertillidae Iredale, 1940

Genera

Genera in the family Vertiginidae include: ;Subfamily Vertigininae Tribe Vertiginini * ''

Vertigo Vertigo is a condition where a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties w ...

'' O. F. Müller, 1773 - the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the family Vertiginidae ; Subfamily Nesopupinae * ''

Bothriopupa ''Bothriopupa'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Vertiginidae. The species of this genus are found in Central and Southern America. Species: *'' Bothriopupa breviconus'' *''Bothriopupa conoidea'' *'' Bothriopupa leucodon'' *' ...

'' Pilsbry, 1898"Mollusca"
. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011. ** ''

Bothriopupa tenuidens ''Bothriopupa tenuidens'' is a species of gastropod belonging to the family Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks i ...

'' (C. B. Adams, 1845) * ''

Costigo ''Costigo'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, ...

'' O. Boettger, 1891 * ''

Cylindrovertilla ''Cylindrovertilla'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing lan ...

'' O. Boettger, 1881 * '' Glandicula'' F. Sandberger, 1875 † * '' Helenopupa'' Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920 * '' Indopupa'' Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920 * '' Insulipupa'' Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920 * '' Lyropupa'' Pilsbry, 1900 * '' Minacilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 † * '' Negulopsis'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 † * '' Nesopupa'' Pilsbry, 1900 - the

of the subfamily Nesopupinae * '' Nesopuparia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Nesopupilla'' Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920 * '' Nesoropupa'' Gargominy, 2008 * '' Paracraticula'' Oppenheim, 1890 † * '' Pronesopupa'' Iredale, 1913 * '' Trigonopupa'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 † * ''Staurodon'' Lowe, 1852: synonym of ''

'' O. F. Müller, 1773 ; Subfamily ? * '' Acmopupa'' O. Boettger, 1889 † * '' Propupa'' Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2006 † * '' Pseudelix'' O. Boettger, 1889 † * '' Tetoripupa'' Isaji, 2010 † * ''

Sterkia ''Sterkia'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks which were formerly classified in the family Pupillidae now in the family Vertiginidae instead. Species Species within the genus ''Sterki ...

'' Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of ''

'' O. F. Müller, 1773

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.''Family summary for Vertiginidae''

AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and pr ...

, last modified 03-09-2006, accessed 23 June 2009. * Schileyko, A. A. (1998). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 2. Gastrocoptidae, Hypselostomatidae, Vertiginidae, Truncatellinidae, Pachnodidae, Enidae, Sagdidae. Ruthenica. Supplement 2: 129-261. Moskva

External links

The Vertiginidae of Poland

Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien
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