The Việt Minh (, ) is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam ( or , ; ), which was a
communist
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...
-led
national independence coalition formed at
Pác Bó by
Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Front (), it was created by the
Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) as a
united front to achieve the independence of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

The was previously formed by Hồ Học Lãm in
Nanjing
Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400.
Situated in the Yang ...
, China, at some point between August 1935 and early 1936, when Vietnamese nationalist parties formed an anti-imperialist
united front. This organization soon lapsed into inactivity, only to be taken over by Hồ Chí Minh and the ICP in 1941. They presented the organization as inclusive of political groups, with a founding charter more nationalist than communist. It exhorted "soldiers, workers, peasants, intellectuals, civil servants, merchants, young men and women" to overthrow "French jackals" and "Japanese
fascists", while the group's first chairman was a non-communist. In all, the Việt Minh established itself as the only organized anti-French and anti-Japanese resistance group. The Việt Minh initially formed to seek independence for
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
from the
French Empire. The
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
supported France. When the
Japanese occupation began, the Việt Minh opposed Japan with support from the United States and the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
. After World War II, the Việt Minh established the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam and opposed the re-occupation of Vietnam by France, resulting in the
Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between France and Việt Minh ( Democratic Rep ...
, and later opposed
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; , VNCH), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first garnered Diplomatic recognition, international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the ...
and the United States in the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies. North Vietnam w ...
. It was also opposed by anti-communist Vietnamese nationalists, such as the
Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng, the reason for the establishment of the
State of Vietnam in 1949.
The political leader of Việt Minh was Hồ Chí Minh. The military leadership was under the command of
Võ Nguyên Giáp
Võ Nguyên Giáp ( vi-hantu, , ; 25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a Vietnamese general, communist revolutionary and politician. Highly regarded as a military strategist, Giáp led Vietnamese communist forces to victories in wars agains ...
. Other founders were
Lê Duẩn
Lê Duẩn (; 7 April 1907 – 10 July 1986) was a Vietnamese communist politician. He rose in the party hierarchy in the late 1950s and became General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (VCP) at the 3rd Natio ...
and
Phạm Văn Đồng.
The ''Việt Nam Độc lập Đồng minh'' is not to be confused with the ''Việt Nam Cách mệnh Đồng minh Hội'' (League for the Vietnamese Revolution, abbreviated as ''Việt Cách'') which was founded by
Nguyễn Hải Thần. Việt Cách later briefly joined the Vietnamese National Coalition in 1946.
Today, the
Vietnam Fatherland Front – a socio-political coalition led by the
Communist Party of Vietnam
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the col ...
forming the
Vietnamese government – is recognized as the modern incarnation of the Việt Minh front in current
Vietnamese politics.
Foundation
The League for Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) was founded on 19 May 1941 in
Pác Bó,
Cao Bằng province
Cao Bằng is a province of the Northeast region of Vietnam. The province has borders with Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, Bắc Kạn, and Lạng Sơn provinces within Vietnam. It also has a common international border with Guangxi province in Chi ...
(in northern Vietnam).
Ho Chi Minh
(born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), colloquially known as Uncle Ho () among other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician who served as the founder and first President of Vietnam, president of the ...
was the founder and his
Indochinese Communist Party was the main leadership organization within Viet Minh.
Leadership
Ho Chi Minh
(born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), colloquially known as Uncle Ho () among other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician who served as the founder and first President of Vietnam, president of the ...
was the highest leader.
Nguyễn Lương Bằng
Nguyễn Lương Bằng (2 April 1904 – 20 July 1979) was a Vietnamese revolutionary activist and politician. He held the post as Vice President of Vietnam from 1969 to 1979 (North Vietnam until 1976), and General Director of State Bank of Viet ...
was appointed as the Direct of the General Department (from 1941 to 1951).
Hoàng Văn Thụ was appointed as the Secretary of the General Department (from 1941 to 1943 when he was captured by colonial French), and then took over the position (from 1943 to 1951).
Nguyen Luong Bang, Hoang Van Thu and Hoang Quoc Viet were members of the Communist Party.
Organization
At the national level, Viet Minh is governed by the General Department (''Tổng bộ'').
Further down there were executive committees in provinces and cities; and executive commissions in communes.
However, due to political turmoil and civil unrest at the time, plus conflicts with Japanese and French forces, the Viet Minh's General Department was not completely elected.
Hence the details about members of the General Department were very scarce and not fully understood.
Viet Minh established strongholds in northern and central Vietnam.
But in southern Vietnam, Viet Minh faced many challengers such as
Cao Đài,
Hòa Hảo (religious sects) and
Bình Xuyên (armed group).
Components
Main members
The founding and core members of Viet Minh were the communists. Other non-communists also joined the front.
*
Indochinese Communist Party:
the General Secretary was
Trường Chinh
*
Democratic Party of Vietnam
The Democratic Party of Vietnam () was a political party in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (later only North Vietnam). It was founded on 30 July 1944 to unite the petite bourgeoisie and intelligentsia in support of the Viet Minh, and in effec ...
: the Secretary-General was ; joined in 1944
*
Socialist Party of Vietnam
The Socialist Party of Vietnam () was a political party in Vietnam which existed from 1946 to 1988. It was founded with the official aim of uniting "patriotic intelligentsia". Along with the Democratic Party of Vietnam, the Socialist Party joined ...
: the Secretary-General was ; joined in 1946
*
Vanguard Youth: the chairman was ; joined in 1945. A small number of organization's leaders joined other political organizations.
*
Bình Xuyên Force: the Commander was
Dương Văn Dương; joined in 1945. A faction led by
Lê Văn Viễn did not follow the Việt Minh and later supported the
State of Vietnam and France
*

National Salvation Army: the Commander was
Chu Văn Tấn; merged with the Propaganda Unit of the Liberation Army into Vietnam Liberation Army on 1945
Other opposite parties
Even though many opposite parties fought against Viet Minh, many of their members joined Viet Minh and worked with the government of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
*
Revolutionary League of Vietnam (Viet Cach):
Dinh Chuong Duong, ,
Ho Duc Thanh, ...
*
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Viet Quoc):
Phan Khôi, , ...
*
National Independent Party of Vietnam:
*
Vietnamese Trotskyists (Fourth Internationals):
*
League for National Restoration of Vietnam:
Religious organizations
The majority of
Buddhists
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE. It is the world's fourth ...
supported Viet Minh. The majority of
Catholics
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
,
Cao Đài, and
Hòa Hảo initially supported the Viet Minh but later split into pro–Viet Minh, pro–State of Vietnam, and neutral factions.
*
Buddhist Association for National Salvation:
Thích Tịnh Khiết,
Thích Minh Nguyệt, ,
Thích Mật Thể,
Thích Trí Quang, ...
*
Cao Đài Association for National Salvation: , ,
Nguyễn Ngọc Tương...
*
Catholic Association for National Salvation: , , , , ...
*
Hòa Hảo Association for Resistance War:
a few followers joined the front but not well documented, a known pro-communist Hòa Hảo follower was
Huynh Thien Tu
*
Protestant Church:
Bui Hoanh Thu,
Duong Tu Ap,
Tran Van De...
Peripheral wings
Viet Minh established many youth wing, woman wing and military wing. They aimed to draw supports from people of different backgrounds, classes, races, genders and religions.
*
National United League of Vietnam (Hoi Lien Viet): the Leader was
Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
** National Salvation Youth Union: founded in 1931, today is the
Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
** National Salvation Women's Union: founded in 1941, today is the
Vietnam Women's Union
** National Salvation Children's Union: founded in 1941, today is the
Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization
** National Salvation Workers' Union: founded in 1941, today is the
Vietnam General Confederation of Labour
* Vietnam Liberation Army: founded in 1944; merged from the Propaganda Unit of the Liberation Army and National Salvation Army; the commander was
Võ Nguyên Giáp
Võ Nguyên Giáp ( vi-hantu, , ; 25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a Vietnamese general, communist revolutionary and politician. Highly regarded as a military strategist, Giáp led Vietnamese communist forces to victories in wars agains ...
; today is the
People's Army of Vietnam
The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), officially the Vietnam People's Army (VPA; , , ), also recognized as the Vietnamese Army (), the People's Army () or colloquially the Troops ( ), is the national Military, military force of the Vietnam, S ...
* Vietnam Public Security Service: founded in 1945; the commander was ; today is the
Vietnam People's Public Security
The People's Public Security of Vietnam (), alternatively the People's Public Security Forces (PPS; - CAND), also recognized as the Vietnamese police, Vietnamese Police or by its Vietnamese short name (), is the national police and the main ...
World War II
During World War II,
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
occupied
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1941 as the Indochinese Federation, was a group of French dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954. It was initial ...
. As well as fighting the French in the
battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan, the Việt Minh started a
campaign against the Japanese. For instance, a raid at Tam Dao internment camp in
Tonkin on 19 July 1945 saw 500 Viet Minh kill fifty Japanese soldiers and officials, freeing French civilian captives and escorting them to the Chinese border. The Viet Minh also fought the
Japanese 21st Division in Thái Nguyên, and regularly raided rice storehouses to alleviate the
ongoing famine.
As of the end of 1944, the Việt Minh claimed a membership of 500,000, of which 200,000 were in
Tonkin, 150,000 in
Annam, and 150,000 in
Cochinchina
Cochinchina or Cochin-China (, ; ; ; ; ) is a historical exonym and endonym, exonym for part of Vietnam, depending on the contexts, usually for Southern Vietnam. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer t ...
.
After the
Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
The Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina, known as , was a Empire of Japan, Japanese operation that took place on 9 March 1945, towards the end of World War II. With Japanese forces losing the war and the threat of an Allies of World War I ...
, the Viet Minh and
ICP prolifically expanded their activities. They formed national salvation associations (cuu quoc hoi) that, in Quảng Ngãi province alone, enlisted 100,000 peasants by mid-1945. This was backed by the
Vanguard Youth (Thanh Nien Tien Phong) in Cochinchina, which expanded to 200,000 by early summer. In the northern provinces of
Việt Bắc, their armed forces seized control, after which they distributed lands to the poor, abolished the
corvée
Corvée () is a form of unpaid forced labour that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year. Statute labour is a corvée imposed by a state (polity), state for the ...
, established
quốc ngữ classes, local village
militias
A militia ( ) is a military or paramilitary force that comprises civilian members, as opposed to a professional standing army of regular, full-time military personnel. Militias may be raised in times of need to support regular troops or serve ...
, and declared
universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the " one person, one vote" principle. For many, the term universal suffrage assumes the exclusion ...
and democratic freedoms.
Due to their opposition to the Japanese, the Việt Minh received funding from the United States, the
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
and the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
.
After the
August Revolution
The August Revolution (), also known as the August General Uprising (), was a revolution led by the Việt Minh against the Empire of Vietnam from 16 August to 2 September 1945. The Empire of Vietnam was led by the Nguyễn dynasty and was ...
's takeover of nationalist organizations and Emperor
Bảo Đại's abdication to the Việt Minh,
Hồ Chí Minh declared Vietnam's independence by proclaiming the establishment of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 2 September 1945.
First Indochina War
Within days, the Chinese
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...
(Nationalist) Army arrived in Vietnam to supervise the repatriation of the
Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...
. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam therefore existed only in theory and effectively controlled no territory. A few months later, the Chinese, Vietnamese and French came to a three-way understanding. The French gave up certain rights in China, the Việt Minh agreed to the return of the French in exchange for promises of independence within the
French Union
The French Union () was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial empire system, colloquially known as the " French Empire" (). It was ''de jure'' the end of the "indigenous" () status of Frenc ...
, and the Chinese agreed to leave. Negotiations between the French and Việt Minh broke down quickly. What followed was nearly ten years of war against France. This was known as the
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between French Fourth Republic, France and Việ ...
or, to the Vietnamese; "the French War".
The Việt Minh, who were short on modern military knowledge, created a military school in
Quảng Ngãi province in June 1946. More than 400 Vietnamese were trained by Japanese defectors in this school. These soldiers were considered to be students of the Japanese. Later, some of them fought as generals against the United States in the Vietnam War or, to the Vietnamese; "the American War". Young insurgents of the Việt Minh also received training in the use of modern firearms by some foreign volunteers, such as
Stefan Kubiak.
French General
Jean Étienne Valluy quickly pushed the Việt Minh out of
Hanoi
Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...
. His French infantry with armored units went through Hanoi, fighting small battles against isolated Việt Minh groups. The French encircled the Việt Minh base,
Việt Bắc, in 1947, but failed to defeat the Việt Minh forces, and had to retreat soon after. The campaign is now widely considered a Việt Minh victory over the well-equipped French force.
The Việt Minh continued fighting against the French until 1949, when the border of China and Vietnam was linked together as a result of the campaign called ''Chiến dịch Biên giới'' ("Borderland Campaign"). The newly communist
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
gave the Việt Minh both sheltered bases and heavy weapons with which to fight the French. With the additional weapons, the Việt Minh were able to take control over many rural areas of the country. Soon after that, they began to advance towards the French-occupied areas.
Victory and dissolution
On 7 March 1951, Viet Minh and National United League of Vietnam (''Hội Liên Việt'') merged to form the Vietnamese United Front (''Mặt trận Liên Việt''). Nonetheless, people continued to call the new front as Viet Minh.
Later the United Front changed into the current
Vietnam Fatherland Front (''Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam'') on 10 September 1955.
Following their defeat at the
Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, the French began negotiations to leave Vietnam. As a result of peace accords worked out at the
Geneva Conference in
Geneva
Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...
, Switzerland, Vietnam was divided into
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954 Geneva Conference, 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it o ...
and
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; , VNCH), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first garnered Diplomatic recognition, international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the ...
at the
17th Parallel as a temporary measure until unifying elections could take place in 1956. Transfer of civil administration of North Vietnam to the Viet Minh was given on 11 October 1954. Ho Chi Minh was appointed
Prime Minister of North Vietnam, which would be run as a
socialist state
A socialist state, socialist republic, or socialist country is a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism. This article is about states that refer to themselves as socialist states, and not specifically ...
.
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngô Đình Diệm ( , or ; ; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955) and later the first president of South Vietnam (Republic of V ...
, who was previously appointed Prime Minister of South Vietnam by Emperor
Bảo Đại, eventually assumed control of South Vietnam.
The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. Neither the United States government nor Ngô Đình Diệm's State of Vietnam signed anything at the 1954 Geneva Conference. With respect to the question of reunification, the non-communist Vietnamese delegation objected strenuously to any division of Vietnam, but lost out when the French accepted the proposal of Việt Minh delegate
Phạm Văn Đồng, who proposed that Vietnam eventually be united by elections under the supervision of "local commissions". The United States countered with what became known as the "American Plan", with the support of South Vietnam and the United Kingdom.
[''The ]Pentagon Papers
The ''Pentagon Papers'', officially titled ''Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force'', is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States in the Vietnam War, United States' political and militar ...
'' (1971), Beacon Press, vol. 3, p. 140. It provided for unification elections under the supervision of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
, but was rejected by the Soviet delegation.
From his home in France, Vietnamese Emperor
Bảo Đại appointed Ngô Đình Diệm as
Prime Minister of South Vietnam. With United States support in rigging the referendum of 1955 using secret
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...
(CIA) funding, Diệm removed the Emperor and declared himself the
president
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Film and television
*'' Præsident ...
of the
Republic of Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; , VNCH), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first garnered international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with it ...
.
The United States believed Ho Chi Minh would win the nationwide election proposed at the Geneva Accords. In a secret memorandum, Director of CIA
Allen Dulles acknowledged that "The evidence
howsthat a majority of the people of Vietnam supported the Viet Minh rebels." Diem refused to hold the elections by citing that the South had not signed and were not bound to the Geneva Accords and that it was impossible to hold free elections in the communist North. Vietnam wide elections never happened and Việt Minh cadres in South Vietnam launched an insurgency against the government. North Vietnam also occupied portions of Laos to assist in supplying the insurgents known as the
National Liberation Front (''Viet Cong'') in South Vietnam. The war gradually escalated into the
Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the "Vietnam War" in the West and the "American War" in Vietnam.
Influences on neighbouring countries
Khmer Việt Minh
The Khmer Việt Minh were the 3,000 to 5,000
Cambodian communist cadres, left-wing members of the
Khmer Issarak movement regrouped in the
United Issarak Front after 1950, most of whom lived in exile in North Vietnam after the
1954 Geneva Conference. Khmer Issarak and United Issarak Front were under leadership of
Son Ngoc Minh,
Tou Samouth, Sieu Heng, etc. It was a derogatory term used by
Norodom Sihanouk
Norodom Sihanouk (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the House of Norodom, Cambodian royal house who led the country as Monarchy of Cambodia, King, List of heads of state of Cambodia, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodi ...
, dismissing the Cambodian leftists who had been organizing pro-independence agitations in alliance with the Vietnamese. Sihanouk's public criticism and mockery of the Khmer Issarak had the damaging effect of increasing the power of the hardline, anti-Vietnamese, but also anti-monarchist, members of the
Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), led by
Pol Pot
Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian politician, revolutionary, and dictator who ruled the communist state of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 until Cambodian–Vietnamese War, his overthrow in 1979. During ...
.
[Ben Kiernan. ''How Pol Pot came to power'', Yale University Press, 2004, p. 227]
The Khmer Issarak and United Issarak Front were instrumental in the foundation of the
Cambodian Salvation Front (FUNSK) in 1978. The FUNSK invaded Cambodia along with the
Vietnamese Army and overthrew the
Democratic Kampuchea Pol Pot state. Many of the Khmer Việt Minh had married Vietnamese women during their long exile in Vietnam.
Laotian Việt Minh
Lao Issara (''Free Laos'') was a political and military organization of Laotian communists, led by
Phetsarath,
Souphanouvong,
Kaysone Phomvihane,
Phoumi Vongvichit. Lao Issara received training and support from
Việt Minh. Under French intervention, Lao Issara was split into non-communists and communists. Laotian non-communists under leadership of Pretsarath later established the
Kingdom of Laos
The Kingdom of Laos was the form of government in Laos from 1947 to 1975. Located in Southeast Asia at the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, it was bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, North Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the sou ...
which was part of the
French Union
The French Union () was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial empire system, colloquially known as the " French Empire" (). It was ''de jure'' the end of the "indigenous" () status of Frenc ...
.
However Laotian communists rejected the French offer and fought side by side with Vietnamese communists during the
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between French Fourth Republic, France and Việ ...
. In 1950, Lao Issara was renamed to
Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao (), officially the Lao People's Liberation Army, was a communist political movement and political organization, organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century. The group ultimately gained control over the entire country of ...
(''Laos Nation'') under leadership of
Souphanouvong,
Kaysone Phomvihane,
Phoumi Vongvichit, etc.
See also
*
Viet Cong
The Viet Cong (VC) was an epithet and umbrella term to refer to the communist-driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam. It was formally organized as and led by the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, and ...
*
Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao (), officially the Lao People's Liberation Army, was a communist political movement and political organization, organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century. The group ultimately gained control over the entire country of ...
*
Khmer Issarak
*
History of Vietnam
*
August Revolution
The August Revolution (), also known as the August General Uprising (), was a revolution led by the Việt Minh against the Empire of Vietnam from 16 August to 2 September 1945. The Empire of Vietnam was led by the Nguyễn dynasty and was ...
*
Communist Party of Vietnam
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the col ...
*
History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Notes
:A.While the Viet Minh was absorbed into "
Lien Viet" at the end of World War II, which itself was absorbed in the "
Lao Dong (Communist Party of Vietnam)",
many sources refer to the military movement of the Vietnamese Communist Party as the "Viet Minh" till the establishment of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam after the defeat of the French.
References
Further reading
*
*
External links
Chương trình Việt Minh
{{Authority control
1920s in French Indochina
1920s in Vietnam
1925 establishments in French Indochina
1925 establishments in Vietnam
1930 disestablishments in French Indochina
1930 disestablishments in Vietnam
1940s in French Indochina
1940s in Vietnam
1941 establishments in French Indochina
1941 establishments in Vietnam
1944 establishments in French Indochina
1944 establishments in Vietnam
1950s disestablishments in Vietnam
1950s in French Indochina
1988 disestablishments in Vietnam
Aftermath of World War II in Vietnam
Communism in Vietnam
Communist parties in Vietnam
Defunct political party alliances in Vietnam
Guerrilla organizations
History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
National liberation armies
National liberation movements
Organizations established in 1941
Political parties disestablished in 1930
Political parties disestablished in 1955
Political parties established in 1925
Political parties established in 1944
Popular fronts of communist states
Rebellions in Vietnam
Vietnamese independence movement
World War II resistance movements