Vijaynagar, Changlang
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Vijoynagar (also known as Vijay Nagar and Vijaynagar) is a remote town and
circle A circle is a shape consisting of all point (geometry), points in a plane (mathematics), plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the Centre (geometry), centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is cal ...
headquarter in the
Changlang district Changlang district (Pron:/tʃæŋˈlæŋ/) is located in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, located south of Lohit District, Lohit district and north of Tirap District, Tirap district. Naga people reside here . As of 2011 it is the second ...
of south
Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...
in
Northeast India Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political Administrative divisions of India, administrative division of the country. It comprises eight States and ...
, known for its pristine natural beauty and unique geographical position as the easternmost inhabited area of the country, bordered by
Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...
on three sides and the Namdapha National Park on the other.


History

This area was part of
North-East Frontier Agency The North–East Frontier Agency (NEFA), originally known as the North-East Frontier Tracts (NEFT), was one of the political divisions in British India, and later the Republic of India until 20 January 1972, when it became the Union territory, U ...
. In a 1961–1962 expedition led by the Assam Rifles, Maj. Gen A.S Gauraya found an unexplored serene landscape of Indian territory between the three-sided border of Burma (
Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...
) and named the region Vijaynagar after Gauraya's son "Vijay". After the settlement process was initiated by the North East Frontier Agency (now known as
Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...
), two hundred
Gurkha The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (), with the endonym Gorkhali ( Nepali: गोर्खाली ), are soldiers native to the Indian subcontinent, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India. The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and ...
families of Assam Rifles soldiers (95% of whom are
Gurkha The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (), with the endonym Gorkhali ( Nepali: गोर्खाली ), are soldiers native to the Indian subcontinent, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India. The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and ...
s) settled there.


Geography

Vijoynagar is from the nearest navigable road in India located at
Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...
by foot. It is bordered to the south and east by
Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...
, and to the north by a thick forest of the Namdapha National Park. Nearby Indian cities are
Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...
, Hayuliang, and Tezu. Putao is the nearest city in
Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...
. Noa Dihing River, also locally known as the ''Nam Dhing'' and ''Dihing River'', which originates near Chaukan Pass and flows westward into
Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...
in India as a tributary of the
Brahmaputra River The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Southwestern China, Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It is known as Brahmaputra or Luit in Assamese language, Assamese, Yarlung Tsangpo in Lhasa Tibetan, Tibetan, the Siang/Dihan ...
. Vijaynagar and the valleys and passes around it lie in the basin of this river. Patkai Bum range surrounds the Noa Dihing River valley and Vijaynagar from 3 sides and all the passes around Vijaynagar lie in this subrange. Patkai Bum range is a sub-range of the
Patkai The Pat-kai (Pron:pʌtˌkaɪ) or Patkai Bum ( Burmese: ''Patkaing Taungdan'') are a series of mountains on the Indo-Myanmar border falling in the northeastern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Upper Burma region of Myanmar. I ...
hills in southeastern Arunachal Pradesh. This mountain chain forms part of the natural boundary between India and Myanmar. The range is known for its forested ridges, rugged terrain, and conical peaks, and plays a vital role in regional ecology and hydrology. The Patkai range is historically significant as part of ancient trade and migration routes between Northeast India and Upper Burma. Forming part of the larger Purvanchal Range, the Patkai Hills are characterized by steep slopes, conical peaks, and deep valleys. The range is densely forested and supports a rich biodiversity, including rare species such as the Hoolock gibbon and various
hornbill Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny casque on the upper ...
species. The Patkai Hills are not as rugged as the Himalayas, with peaks generally lower in elevation. One of the significant passes in this range is the Pangsau Pass, which historically served as a strategic route during World War II. The Patkai Bum Range plays a crucial role in the climatic and ecological dynamics of the northeastern region of India. Following passes, around Vijaynagar valley, lie in this subrange: Gphuka Pass (approx. 2,200 m) lies roughly 14 km northwest of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It provides a route between India and Myanmar through the Patkai hills, marked by Border Pillar No. 182. The Nam Dihing River flows nearby in India, and the area beyond the pass falls into the basin of the Chindwin River in Myanmar. The nearest peak is Shawngshan Bum (2,448 m). Hpungan Pass (3,072 m) is situated north of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh, and is part of the border trail system in the eastern Patkai range. It is marked by Border Pillar No. 185. The Indian side is drained by the Nam Dihing River, and the Myanmar side by tributaries of the Chindwin River. The nearest notable peak is Phongan Razi (3,635 m). Mugaphi Pass (3,650 m) is located approximately 24 km east of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It is one of the highest passes in the region and part of the cross-border route into Myanmar. Border Pillar No. 184 is nearby. The Nam Dihing River lies on the Indian side, while the Myanmar side leads into the Chindwin River system. The closest peak is Phongan Razi (3,635 m). Chaukan Pass (2,448 metres), approximately 25 km southeast of Vijaynagar in Arunachal Pradesh, is a significant saddle on the India–Myanmar border between two peaks Chaukan Bum (3,046 m) in north and Chawngshan Bum (3,287 m) in south all of which lie on junction of Patkai and Kumon mountain ranges. Marked by the Border Pillar No. 183, established in 1971, and is surrounded by dense tropical forests and rugged terrain. The pass historically served as a route toward Putao, the nearest settlement in Myanmar located approximately 60 km to the northeast accessible via challenging trails through the Hukawng Valley, in Myanmar’s
Kachin State Kachin State (; Jingpho language, Kachin: ) is the northernmost administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east (Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet and Yunnan, respectively), Shan State to the sou ...
. The Noa Dihing River flows westward into Assam in India. On the Myanmar side, the pass descends into the basin of the Namyang River (also known as the Namyang River, not to be confused with similarly named Namwan River), which eventually joins the
Chindwin River The Chindwin River (), also known as the Ningthi River (), is a river in Myanmar and is the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River. Sources The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly , where the Tanai, ...
.


Administration

Today, Vijoynagar Headquarters and the Vijoyanagar Sub-Division consist of a cluster of 14 villages on the border with Myanmar: Ramnagar, Chididi, Majgoan, Two-hut, Budhamandir, Phaparbari, Daragoan, Gehrigaon, Topi-Hill, Preeti Nagar, (Assam Rifle settlers) Hazolo, Sidikuh, Twohut and Dawadi (Yobin inhabitants). This border town is also known as Daudi in the local language of the Lisu (Yobin) people who reside there.


People

The area comprises sixteen villages with a population of approximately 4,500 people, including a significant number of families of retired Assam Rifles Gurkha personnel and members of the indigenous
Lisu people The Lisu people (; , ; ; ) are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group who inhabit mountainous regions of Myanmar (Burma), southwest China, Thailand, and the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. About 730,000 Lisu live in Lijiang, Baoshan, Nujiang, D ...
(Yobin) who speak a tonal Lisu language part of Tibeto-Burman language family. According to the 2011 census, Vijoynagar has a population of 4,438.


Education

Educational infrastructure includes several primary schools and a government-run secondary school offering education up to the tenth standard.


Tourism

Vijaynagar, with progressively improving connectivity, is emerging as a promising destination for eco and rural tourism in Arunachal Pradesh. Surrounded by the verdant forests of the Namdapha National Park and bordered by Myanmar on three sides, the region offers breathtaking natural beauty and rich biodiversity. The Arunachal Pradesh government has recognized its potential, with initiatives aimed at enhancing connectivity and promoting sustainable tourism. Local communities, particularly in villages like Hazolo, are actively participating in tourism development. These villages, inhabited by the hospitable Yobin/Lisu tribe, are known for their skilled artisans and craftsmen who produce high-quality handmade products. Tourism awareness programs have been organized to educate villagers on hospitality, conservation, and the preservation of their cultural heritage. Such initiatives aim to transform Vijaynagar into a sought-after tourist hotspot, fostering economic growth while preserving its unique cultural and natural assets. Tourist attractions include the following: * Mandatory Permits Required: The region’s isolation and proximity to the Myanmar border necessitate permits: an Inner Line Permit (ILP) for Indian tourists and a Protected Area Permit (PAP) for foreign tourists. * Trekking in Vijoynagar : Vijaynagar provides numerous cultural enrichment and eco-tourism trekking and driving opportunities to several villages and passes in the area. * Namdapha National Park : Located adjacent to Vijaynagar, Namdapha National Park is the fourth-largest national park in India, spanning 1,985 km². It is a biodiversity hotspot in the
Eastern Himalayas ] The Eastern Himalayas extend from eastern Nepal across Northeast India, Bhutan, the Tibet Autonomous Region to Yunnan in China and northern Myanmar. The climate of this region is influenced by the monsoon of South Asia from June to September. I ...
, hosting over 1,000 floral and 1,400 faunal species, including rare species like the
snow leopard The snow leopard (''Panthera uncia'') is a species of large cat in the genus ''Panthera'' of the family Felidae. The species is native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because ...
, clouded leopard,
red panda The red panda (''Ailurus fulgens''), also known as the lesser panda, is a small mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, white-lined ears, a mostly white muzz ...
, and Hoolock gibbon. The park offers trekking, camping, and birdwatching, with campsites like Deban and Hornbill for nature enthusiasts. The best time to visit is October to March. : Visitors require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) for entry into Arunachal Pradesh and a tourist permit from the Field Director’s Office at Namdapha. * Gandhigram and Vijaynagar Inspection Bungalows : Maintained by the Public Works Department (PWD), these inspection bungalows in Gandhigram and Vijaynagar serve as accommodation options for tourists. They provide a base for exploring the remote region, though advance reservations through the Field Director’s Office at Namdapha are recommended. Visitors are advised to carry provisions, as food options are limited. * Vijaynagar Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) : Operated by the
Indian Air Force The Indian Air Force (IAF) (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the air force, air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts. It was officially established on 8 Octob ...
, the Vijaynagar ALG is a key logistical point in this remote area. While primarily a military site, its strategic location near the Myanmar border may interest visitors curious about the region’s geopolitical significance. * Miao Museum : Situated near the Field Director’s Office of Namdapha National Park, the Miao Museum, maintained by park authorities, displays animal specimens from Namdapha, including mammal pelts and bird skins, offering insights into the biodiversity of the Mishmi Hills. * Miao Mini Zoo : Located opposite the Miao Museum, the Miao Mini Zoo houses species native to Namdapha, such as
slow loris Slow lorises are a group of several species of Nocturnality, nocturnal Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhine primates that make up the genus ''Nycticebus''. Found in Southeast Asia and nearby areas, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the ...
, Assamese macaque, pig-tailed macaque, Hoolock gibbon,
leopard cat The leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis'') is a Felinae, small wild cat native to continental South Asia, South, Southeast Asia, Southeast, and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely di ...
,
porcupine Porcupines are large rodents with coats of sharp Spine (zoology), spines, or quills, that protect them against predation. The term covers two Family (biology), families of animals: the Old World porcupines of the family Hystricidae, and the New ...
, and
Himalayan palm civet The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 ...
. It provides an educational experience for tourists interested in the region’s wildlife.


Transportation

Until the Miao-Vijoynagar Road is fully constructed and/or Vijoynagar Airport is brought under the UDAN scheme, a challenging 6-day trek from Miao is required (2025 update). * Air ** Helicopter: Helicopter services from Mohanbari Airport in
Dibrugarh Dibrugarh () is a city in the Indian state of Assam, located 435 kms east of the state capital Dispur. It serves as the headquarters of the Dibrugarh district in Upper Assam. Dibrugarh also serves as the headquarters of the Sonowal Kach ...
in
Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...
or Miao in Arunachal Pradesh is available on Tuesdays and Thursdays, subject to availability. ** Vijoynagar Airport, also called the Vijaynagar Advanced Landing Ground, is a military airport and not yet open for the civilian traffic as of 2025. This is the 8th Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) in Arunachal Pradesh which was upgraded by the Indian Airforce (IAF) and
Indian Army The Indian Army (IA) (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the Land warfare, land-based branch and largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Commander-in-Chief, Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head ...
in September 2019 to allow the landing of fighter jets and large transport planes. There are demands to bring this under UDAN regional connectivity for the scheduled commercial civilian flights. * Railway ** Margherita railway station in Assam is the nearest existing station, approximately 220 km east of Vijoynagar, and 65 km from Miao. * Road ** Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway (APFH) has Vijoynagar as it's western terminus point. It is a road following the McMahon Line from Mago (Tawang) and Thingbu to Vijoynagar. A map of the proposed route can be see
here
an
here
Before being upgraded to the AFPH, the Vijoynagar-
Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...
road, costing ₹225 crores, construction was completed in 2019.Expedite Miao-Vijaynagar road: Arunachal Governor
Nenow.in, 2 September 2019.
** There are plans to extend this APFH to Putao Airport in Myanmar under the Look East policy, thus connecting it to both India's and Myanmar's national highway networks. ** Local mettled link roads to villages around Vijaynagar were built and upgraded in 2019.


See also

*
List of extreme points of India The extreme points of India include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in India; and the highest and the lowest altitudes in the country. The northernmost point claimed by India is in territory di ...
*
Ledo Road The Ledo Road () was an overland connection between British India and China, built during World War II to enable the Western Allies to deliver supplies to China and aid the war effort against Japan. After the Japanese cut off the Burma Ro ...


References

{{Indian Air Force Changlang district