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Zorya ( lit. "Dawn"; also many variants: Zarya, Zaria, Zorza, Zirnytsia, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) is a figure in Slavic folklore, a feminine
personification Personification is the representation of a thing or abstraction as a person, often as an embodiment or incarnation. In the arts, many things are commonly personified, including: places, especially cities, National personification, countries, an ...
of
dawn Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the diffuse sky radiation, appearance of indirect sunlight being Rayleigh scattering, scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc ha ...
, possibly
goddess A goddess is a female deity. In some faiths, a sacred female figure holds a central place in religious prayer and worship. For example, Shaktism (one of the three major Hinduism, Hindu sects), holds that the ultimate deity, the source of all re ...
. Depending on tradition, she may appear as a singular entity, or two or three sisters at once. Although Zorya is etymologically unrelated to the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn ''*H₂éwsōs'', she shares most of her characteristics. She is often depicted as the sister of the
Sun The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light a ...
, the
Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...
, and Danica, the
Morning Star Morning Star, morning star, or Morningstar may refer to: Astronomy * Morning star, most commonly used as a name for the planet Venus when it appears in the east before sunrise ** See also Venus in culture * Morning star, a name for the star Siri ...
with which she is sometimes identified. She lives in the Palace of the Sun, opens the gate for him in the morning so that he can set off on a journey through the sky, guards his white horses, she is also described as a virgin. In the Eastern Slavic tradition of
zagovory (singular ) is a form of verbal folk magic in East Slavs, Eastern Slavic Slavic folklore, folklore and Slavic mythology, mythology. Users of use incantations to enchant objects or people. Etymology The present-day Russian language, Russian ...
she represents the supreme power that a practitioner appeals to.


Etymology

The Slavic word ''zora'' "dawn, aurora" (from
Proto-Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium BC through the 6th ...
''*zoŗà''), and its variants, comes from the same root as the Slavic word ''zrěti'' ("to see, observe", from PS ''*zьrěti''), which originally may have meant "shine". The word ''zara'' may have originated under the influence of the word ''žar'' "heat" (PS ''*žarь''). PS ''*zoŗà'' comes from the
Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Sla ...
''*źoriˀ'' (cf. Lithuanian ''žarà'', ''žarijà''), the etymology of the root is unclear.


Comparative mythology

The
Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-Euro ...
reconstructed goddess of the dawn is ''*H₂éwsōs''. Her name was reconstructed using a
comparative method In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards ...
on the basis of the names of Indo-European goddesses of the dawn, e.g.
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
Eos In ancient Greek mythology and Ancient Greek religion, religion, Eos (; Ionic Greek, Ionic and Homeric Greek ''Ēṓs'', Attic Greek, Attic ''Héōs'', "dawn", or ; Aeolic Greek, Aeolic ''Aúōs'', Doric Greek, Doric ''Āṓs'') is the go ...
,
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
Aurora An aurora ( aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly observed in high-latitude regions (around the Arc ...
, or
Vedic upright=1.2, The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the '' Atharvaveda''. The Vedas ( or ; ), sometimes collectively called the Veda, are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed ...
Ushas Ushas (Vedic Sanskrit: , , nominative singular उषास्) is a Vedic goddess of dawn in Hinduism. She repeatedly appears in the Rigvedic hymns, states David Kinsley, where she is "consistently identified with dawn, revealing herself with ...
; similarly, on the basis of the common features of the goddesses of the dawn, the features of the Proto-Indo-European goddess were also reconstructed. Although the Zorya cult is only attested in folklore, its roots go back to Indo-European antiquity, and the Zorya herself manifests most of ''*H₂éwsōs'' characteristics. Zorya shares the following characteristics with most goddesses of the dawn: # She appears in the company of
St. George Saint George (;Geʽez: ጊዮርጊስ, , ka, გიორგი, , , died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to holy tradition, he was a soldier in the ...
and St. Nicholas (interpreted as
divine twins The Divine Twins are youthful horsemen, either gods or demigods, who serve as rescuers and healers in Proto-Indo-European mythology. Like other Proto-Indo-European divinities, the Divine Twins are not directly attested by archaeological or writte ...
) # Red, gold, yellow, rose colors # She lives overseas, on the island of
Buyan In Russian folklore, Buyan (), sometimes transliterated as Bujan, is a mysterious island in the ocean with the ability to appear and disappear with the tide. The island is found in '' byliny'' and '' skazki''. It gained wider recognition after a ...
# Opens the door to the Sun # She owned a golden boat and a silver oar L.A. Zarubin, who was a Slavonic scholar of the 20th century, undertook a comparison between Slavic folklore and the Indo-Aryan ''
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
'' and ''
Atharvaveda The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda (, , from ''wikt:अथर्वन्, अथर्वन्'', "priest" and ''wikt:वेद, वेद'', "knowledge") or is the "knowledge storehouse of ''wikt:अथर्वन्, atharvans'', the proced ...
'', where images of the Sun and its companions, the Dawns, have been preserved. These images date back to ancient concepts from the initially
fetishistic A fetish is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent non-material value, or powers, to an object. Talismans and amulets ...
(the Sun in the form of a ring or circle) to the later
anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to ...
. Chludov's Novgorod Psalter of the late 13th century contains a miniature depicting two women. One of them, fiery red, signed as "morning zorya", holds a red sun in her right hand in the form of a ring, and in her left hand she holds a torch resting on her shoulder, ending in a box from which emerges a light green stripe passing into dark green. This stripe ends in another woman's right hand, in green, signed as "evening zorya", with a bird emerging from her left sleeve. This should be interpreted as the Morning Zorya releasing the Sun on its daily journey, and at sunset the Evening Zorya awaits to meet the Sun. A very similar motif was found in a cave temple from the 2nd or 3rd century AD in
Nashik Nashik, formerly Nasik, is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra situated on the banks of the river Godavari, about northeast of the state capital Mumbai. Nashik is one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the Kumbh ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. The bas-relief depicts two women: one using a torch to light the circle of the Sun, and the other expecting it at sunset. Some other bas-reliefs depict two goddesses of the dawn, Ushas and Pratyusha, and the Sun, accompanied by Dawns, appears in several hymns. The Sun in the form of a wheel appears in the Indo-Aryan ''Rigveda'', or the Norse ''Edda'', as well as in folklore: during the annual festivals of the
Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who lived in Northern Europe in Classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In modern scholarship, they typically include not only the Roman-era ''Germani'' who lived in both ''Germania'' and parts of ...
and Slavs, they lit a wheel which, according to medieval authors, was supposed to symbolize the sun. Similar images to the one from the Psalter and the Nashik appear in various parts of Slavic lands, e.g. On a carved and painted gate of a Slovak peasant estate (village of
Očová Očová (, until 1899: ) is a village and municipality of the Zvolen District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia. History Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Očová was part of Zólyom County within the Kingdo ...
): on one of the pillars is carved the Morning Zorya, with a golden head, above her is a glow, and even higher is the Sun, which rolls along an arched road, and on the other pillar is carved the Evening Zorya, above it is a setting sun. There are also darkened suns on this relief, possibly ''dead suns'' appearing in Slavic folklore. These motifs are also confirmed by the Russian saying "The sun will not rise without the Morning Zoryushka". Such a motif was also found on the back of a 19th-century
sled A sled, skid, sledge, or sleigh is a land vehicle that slides across a surface, usually of ice or snow. It is built with either a smooth underside or a separate body supported by two or more smooth, relatively narrow, longitudinal runners ...
where the Sun, in the form of a circle, is in the palace and two Zoryas stand in the exit, and on a peasant
rushnyk A rushnyk or rushnik ( ; ; ; ) is a decorative and ritual cloth. Made of linen or cotton it usually represents woven or embroidered designs, symbols and cryptograms of the ancient world. They have been used in sacred East Slavic rituals, religi ...
from the
Tver region Tver Oblast (, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (). Population: Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of ...
where Zoryas on horseback rides up to the Sun, one is red and the other is green.


Baltic mythology

According to scholarship, Lithuanian folklore attests a similar dual role for luminous deities Vakarine and Ausrine: Vakarine, the Evening Star, made the bed for solar goddess
Saulė Saulė (, ) is a solar goddess, the common Baltic solar deity in the Lithuanian and Latvian mythologies. The noun ''Saulė''/''Saule'' in the Lithuanian and Latvian languages is also the conventional name for the Sun and originates from the ...
, and
Aušrinė Aušrinė ("dawning", not to be confused with ''Aušra'', "dawn") is a feminine deity of the morning star (Venus) in the Lithuanian mythology. She is the Wiktionary:antipode, antipode to "Vakarinė", the evening star. Her cult possibly stems fr ...
, the Morning Star, lit the fire for her as she prepared for another day's journey. In other accounts, Ausrine and Vakarine are said to be daughters of the female Sun (Saule) and male Moon (Meness), and they tend their mother's palace and horses.


Russian tradition

In Russian tradition, they often appear as two virgin sisters: Zorya Utrennyaya (Morning Zorya, from ''útro'' "morning") as the goddess of dawn, and Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening Aurora, from ''véčer'' "evening") as the goddess of dusk. Each was to stand on a different side of the golden throne of the Sun. The Morning Zorya opened the gate of the heavenly palace when the Sun set out in the morning, and the Evening Zorya closed the gate when the Sun returned to his abode for the night. The headquarters of Zorya was to be located on
Buyan In Russian folklore, Buyan (), sometimes transliterated as Bujan, is a mysterious island in the ocean with the ability to appear and disappear with the tide. The island is found in '' byliny'' and '' skazki''. It gained wider recognition after a ...
Island. A myth from a later period speaks of three Zoryas and their special task:


In folk incantations and popular medicine

''Zara-Zaranitsa Krasnaya Devitsa'' (aka "Dawn the Red Maiden") appears interchangeably with Maria (
Mother of God ''Theotokos'' (Greek: ) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations are or (approximately "parent (fem.) of God"). Familiar English translations are "Mother of God" or "God-bearer ...
) in different versions of the same
zagovory (singular ) is a form of verbal folk magic in East Slavs, Eastern Slavic Slavic folklore, folklore and Slavic mythology, mythology. Users of use incantations to enchant objects or people. Etymology The present-day Russian language, Russian ...
plots as the supreme power that a practitioner applies to. She was also prayed to as Zarya for good harvests and health: Professor Bronislava Kerbelytė cited that in Russian tradition, the Zoryas were also invoked to help in childbirth (with the appellation "зорки заряночки") and to treat the baby (calling upon "заря-девица", or "утренняя заря Параскавея" and "вечерняя заря Соломонея"). Zarya was also invoked as protectress and to dispel nightmares and sleeplessness: :Заря, зарница, васъ три сестрицы, утренняя, полуденная, вечерняя, полуночная, сыми съ раба Божія (имя) тоску, печаль, крикъ, безсонницу, подай ему сонъ со всѣхъ сторонъ, со всѣхъ святыхъ, со всѣхъ небесныхъ. In another incantation, Zarya-Zarnitsa is invoked along with a "morning Irina" and a "Midday Daria" to dispel a child's sadness and take it away "beyond the blue ocean".


Further attestation

Croatian historian
Natko Nodilo Natko Nodilo (31 August 1834 – 21 May 1912) was a Croatian politician, historian, journalist, university professor, and chancellor of the University of Zagreb. Born in Split, he studied theology in Zadar until 1856, when he dropped out of colle ...
noted in his study ''The Ancient Faith of the Serbs and the Croats'' that the ancient Slavs saw Zora as a "shining maiden" (''"svijetla" i "vidna" djevojka''), and Russian riddles described her as a maiden that lived in the sky ("Zoru nebesnom djevojkom"). As for the parentage of the Dawn, she is referred "in a Russian song" as "dear little Dawn" and as the "Sister of the Sun".


Belarusian tradition

In
Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...
ian folklore she appears as Zaranitsa (Зараніца) or as Zara-zaranitsa (Зара-Зараніца). In one of the passages, Zaranica is met by
St. George Saint George (;Geʽez: ጊዮርጊስ, , ka, გიორგი, , , died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to holy tradition, he was a soldier in the ...
and St. Nicholas, who, according to comparative mythology, function as
divine twins The Divine Twins are youthful horsemen, either gods or demigods, who serve as rescuers and healers in Proto-Indo-European mythology. Like other Proto-Indo-European divinities, the Divine Twins are not directly attested by archaeological or writte ...
, who in Indo-European mythologies are usually brothers of the goddess of the dawn: "Saint George was walking with Saint Nicholas and met Aurora". In folklore she also appears in the form of a riddle: This is about the
dew Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation. As the exposed surface cools by thermal radiation, radiating its heat, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate grea ...
, which the moon does not react to and which disappears under the influence of the sun. ''Zara'' is probably simply the goddess of the dawn, and can be translated literally as "Dawn", and ''Zaranica'' is a
diminutive A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle s ...
and may indicate respect towards her. In Belarusian tradition, the stars are sometimes referred to as ''zorki'' and ''zory'', such as the star
Polaris Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris (Latinisation of names, Latinized to ''Alpha Ursae Minoris'') and is commonly called the North Star or Pole Star. With an ...
, known as ''Zorny Kol'' ('star pole') and ''polunochna zora'' ('star of midnight').


Polish tradition

In Polish folklore, there are three sister Zoras (''Trzy Zorze''): Morning Zorza (Polish: ''Zorza porankowa'' or ''Utrenica''), Midday Zora (''Zorza południowa'' or ''Południca'') and Evening Zora (''Zorza wieczorowa'' or ''Wieczornica''), which appear in Polish folk charms and, according to Andrzej Szyjewski, represent a threefold division of the day. They also function as Rozhanitsy: Another folk saying from Poland is thus: ''Żarze, zarzyczki, jest was trzy, zabierzcie od mojego dziecka płakanie, przywróćcie mu spanie''. In a magical love charm from Poland, the girl asks for the dawn (or morning-star) to go to the girl's beloved and force him to love no other but her: :''Witajze zorze'' :''Welcome, morning star''


Ukrainian tradition

Ukrainian also has words deriving from ''*zoŗà'': зі́рка (dialectal зі́ра ''zira'' and зі́ри ''ziry'') ''zírka'', a
diminutive A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle s ...
meaning 'little star', 'starlet', 'asterisk'; зі́рнйця ''zirnitsa'' (or зі́рнйці ''zirnytsi'', a poetic term meaning 'little star', 'aurora, dawn'. In a saying collected in "Харківщині" (
Kharkiv Oblast Kharkiv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the w ...
), it is said that "there are many stars (Зірок) in the sky, but there are only two Zori: the morning one (світова) and the evening one (вечірня)".Українська мала енциклопедія little encyclopedia of Ukraine У 8 т. k Тom 2: Книжка IV. Літери Ж-Й. Буенос-Айрес, 1959. p. 512. In an orphan's lament, the mourner says she will take the "keys of the dawn" ("То я б в зорі ключі взяла"). In a magical love charm, the girl invokes "three star-sisters" (or the "dawn-sisters"): :''Vy zori-zirnytsi, vas na nebi tri sestrytsi: odna nudna, druga pryvitna, a tretia pechal'na'' :''You dawn-stars, you three sisters in the sky: one dull, the second welcoming, and the third sorrowful'' Zorya also patronized marriages, as manifested by her frequent appearance in wedding songs, and arranged marriages between the gods. In one of the folk songs, where the Moon meets Aurora while wandering in the sky, she is directly attributed this function:


Slovene tradition

In a Slovene folksong titled "Zorja prstan pogubila" (Zorja lost her ring), the singer asks for mother (''majka''), brother (''bratec''), sister (''sestra'') and darling (''dragi'') to look for it. According to Monika Kropej, in Slovene mythopoetic tradition, the sun rises in the morning, accompanied by the morning dawn, named Sončica (from ''sonce'' 'sun'), and sets in the evening joined by an evening dawn named Zarika (from ''zarja'' 'dawn'). These female characters also appear in a Slovenian narrative folk song about their rivalry. Fanny Copeland also interpreted both characters as mythological Sun and Dawn, as well as mentioned another ballad, titled ''Ballad of Beautiful Zora''. Slovene folklorist Jakob Kelemina ( sl), in his book about Slovene myths and folk-tales, stated that a Zora appears as the daughter of the Snake Queen (possibly an incarnation of the night) in the so-called ''Kresnik Cycle''.


East Slavic tradition

According to professor
Daiva Vaitkevičienė A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 ''daēuua'') is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of the Zoroastrian canon, the ''daeva''s are " gods that are (to be) rejected". Thi ...
, the
Virgin Mary Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Saint Joseph, Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is an important figure of Christianity, venerated under titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, various titles such as Perpetual virginity ...
most likely replaced deity Zaria in East Slavic charms. The Virgin Mary is also addressed as "Zaria" in Russian charms. In a charm collected in Arkhangelsky and published in 1878 by historian , the announcer invokes зоря Мария and заря Маремъяния, translated as "Maria-the-Dawn" and "Maremiyaniya-the-Dawn". In another charm, the "Evening Star Mariya" and "Morning Star Maremiyana" are invoked to take away sleeplessness.


Slavic tradition

Goddess Zaria (alternatively, a trio of deities named Zori) is also invoked in charms against illness. According to professor
Daiva Vaitkevičienė A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 ''daēuua'') is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of the Zoroastrian canon, the ''daeva''s are " gods that are (to be) rejected". Thi ...
, this "is a very popular motif of the Slavic charms".


Legacy

The word "Zorya" has become a
loanword A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term t ...
in
Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...
as its word for "dawn" (''zori'') and as the name of a piece of music sung by colindători (''zorile''). The Morning Star is also known as ''dennica'', ''zornica'' or ''zarnica''. In Serbo-Croatian, the planet Venus is known as ''Zornjača'', when it appears in the morning, and ''Večernjača'' when it appears at night. In a folksong, the Dawn/Morning Star is depicted as the bride of a male Moon. In some
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
n folk songs, collected and published in 1876 by Rikardo Ferdinand Plohl-Herdvigov, a "zorja" is used along with "Marja" in "Zorja Marja prsten toči"; and referred to as "Zorja, zorija" in "Marija sinku načinila košulju";Plohl-Herdvigov, Rikardo Ferdinand.
Hrvatske narodne pjesme
'. U Varazdin: Platzer i sin. 1876. pp. 83-84.


Zorya in culture

* Popular folk song ''Zoryushka'' (''Зорюшка'') sung on a wedding day. * In the 2001 novel ''
American Gods ''American Gods'' (2001) is a fantasy novel by British author Neil Gaiman. The novel is a blend of Americana (culture), Americana, fantasy, and various strands of ancient and modern mythology, all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shad ...
'', and its 2017 television adaptation, author
Neil Gaiman Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (; born Neil Richard Gaiman; 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, audio theatre, and screenplays. His works include the comic series ''The Sandman (comic book), The Sandma ...
depicts Zorya as a
triple goddess A triple deity is a deity with three apparent forms that function as a singular whole. Such deities may sometimes be referred to as threefold, tripled, triplicate, tripartite, triune, triadic, or as a trinity. The number three has a long history ...
: Zorya Utrennyaya (morning star), Zorya Polunochnaya (midnight star), and Zorya Vechernyaya (evening star). * Zorya appears in ''
The Iron Druid Chronicles ''The Iron Druid Chronicles'' is a series of urban fantasy novels, novellas, novelettes and short stories, written by Kevin Hearne and published by Del Rey Books. All the books, including short stories, have recorded audiobooks narrated by Luke ...
'' by
Kevin Hearne Kevin Hearne (born December 9, 1970) is an American-Canadian fantasy novelist originally hailing from Arizona, now residing in Ontario. Hearne is the author of twenty novels published by Del Rey. These include the ''New York Times'' bestsellin ...
. * One of the works by Australian composer
Julian Cochran 200px, Julian Cochran in 1998 Julian Cochran (born 1974) is an English-born Australian composer. Cochran's earlier works show stylistic influences from Impressionist music and his later works are more noticeably influenced by Classical music a ...
is named ''Zorya Vechernyay''a. * One of the albums by Czech composer
Floex Tomáš Dvořák, known professionally as Floex, is a contemporary Czech composer, clarinetist, producer, DJ, and multimedia artist. He is best known for his work with indie game studio Amanita Design. loex.cz Official website/ref> Dvořák rele ...
is called ''Zorya'', and the last number on the album is called ''Zorya Polunochnaya''. * Zorya figures prominently in the game '' Eve Online'' as the leader of the invading precursor entity, the Triglavian Collective.


See also

*
Ēostre ''Ēostre'' ()Sievers 1901 p. 98Robert Barnhart, Barnhart, Robert K. ''The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology'' (1995) . is an List of Anglo-Saxon deities, Anglo-Saxon goddess mentioned by Bede in his 8th century work ''The Reckoning of ...
* Uzume *
Dali Dali or DALI may refer to: Art and popular culture * Dali, a location in ''Final Fantasy IX'' * ''Dali'' (Dalida album) (1984) * ''Dali'' (Ali Project album) (1994) * Espace Dalí, Salvador Dalí's permanent exhibition in France Religion ...
*
Orvandil Aurvandill (Old Norse) is a figure in Germanic mythology. In Norse mythology, the god Thor tosses Aurvandill's toe – which had frozen while the thunder god was carrying him in a basket across the Élivágar rivers – into the sky to form a st ...


Notes


Citations


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links

* performed by the Werchowyna band * performed by the Drużyna Grodu Trzygłowa band {{DEFAULTSORT:Zorya H₂éwsōs Mercurian deities Night goddesses Slavic goddesses Stellar goddesses Triple goddesses Venusian deities Virgin goddesses Dawn goddesses