Vancouver ( ) is a city on the north bank of the
Columbia River in the U.S. state of
Washington, located in
Clark County. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, Vancouver had a population of 190,915 as of the
2020 census,
making it the
fourth-most populous city in Washington State. Vancouver is the
county seat
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...
of
Clark County and forms part of the
Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area, the 25th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Originally established in 1825 around
Fort Vancouver, a
fur-trading outpost, the city is located on the Washington–Oregon border along the
Columbia River, directly north of
Portland.
Etymology
Vancouver shares its name with the larger city of
Vancouver
Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...
in southern
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...
, Canada, approximately to the north. Both cities were named after British sea captain
George Vancouver, but the U.S. city is older. Vancouver, British Columbia, was incorporated 29 years after the incorporation of Vancouver, Washington, and more than 60 years after the name Vancouver was first used in reference to the historic
Fort Vancouver trading post on the Columbia River. City officials have periodically suggested changing the U.S. city's name to Fort Vancouver to reduce confusion with its larger and better-known northern neighbor. Many
Pacific Northwest residents distinguish between the two cities by referring to the Canadian city as "Vancouver, B.C." and the United States city as "Vancouver, Washington", or "Vancouver, USA".
Local nicknames formerly included "Vantucky" (though this is used as a derogatory term)
and "The 'Couv(e)".
History
Early settlements and exploration
The Vancouver area was inhabited by several Native American tribes, most recently the
Chinook and
Klickitat nations, with permanent settlements of
timber longhouses. The Chinookan and Klickitat names for the area were reportedly ''Skit-so-to-ho'' and ''Ala-si-kas,'' respectively, meaning "land of the mud-turtles". First known European contact was made by
William Robert Broughton in 1792, with approximately half of the indigenous population killed by
smallpox before the
Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived in the area in 1806. Within another fifty years, other diseases such as
measles,
malaria
Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...
and
influenza had reduced the
Chinookan population from an estimated 80,000 "to a few dozen refugees, landless, slaveless and swindled out of a treaty".
19th-century beginnings
Meriwether Lewis wrote that the Vancouver area was "the only desired situation for settlement west of the
Rocky Mountains". The first permanent European settlement did not occur until 1824, when Fort Vancouver was established as a fur trading post of the
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), originally the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading Into Hudson’s Bay, is a Canadian holding company of department stores, and the oldest corporation in North America. It was the owner of the ...
. From that time on, the area was settled by both the US and Britain under a "joint occupation" agreement. Joint occupation led to the
Oregon boundary dispute and ended on June 15, 1846, with the signing of the
Oregon Treaty, which gave the United States full control of the area. Before 1845, American Henry Williamson laid out a large claim west of the Hudson's Bay Company (including part of the present-day Port of Vancouver), called Vancouver City and properly registered his claim at the U.S. courthouse in Oregon City, before leaving for California. In 1848, Williamson had it surveyed and platted by
Peter Crawford. In 1850, Amos Short traced over the claim of Williamson and named the town Columbia City. It changed to Vancouver in 1855. The City of Vancouver was incorporated on January 23, 1857.
Based on an act of the 1859–60 legislature, Vancouver was briefly the capital of
Washington Territory, before capital status was returned to
Olympia by a 2–1 ruling of the territorial supreme court, in accordance with
Isaac Stevens' preference and concern that proximity to the border with Oregon might give some of the state's influence away to Oregon.
20th century
The neighborhood of Sifton was the terminus of an early electric
trolley operated by the Northcoast Power Company that also served nearby
Orchards from 1910 until 1926. The trolleys made ten stops and ran once per hour, charging 15 cents each way. A mural in the heart of Orchards depicts the trolley and the rural character of the area at the time it was operating. The community was named after Doctor Sifton, a promoter of the trolley service.
According to the archives of the Vancouver ''
Columbian'' newspaper, the Orchards-Sifton route ran along Vancouver's Main Street to 26th Street (renamed Fourth Plain Blvd.), then from 26th to K Street and thence north to 33rd Street. From there, it ran on 33rd over Burnt Bridge Creek and past the city limits. At that point the trolley became more like a regular train as it followed a cut through the wilderness. Few houses were seen between Vancouver and Orchards. The public's growing preference for motor cars in the 1920s heralded the end of the trolley.
Separated from Oregon until 1917, when the new
Interstate Bridge began to replace ferries, Vancouver had three shipyards just downstream which produced ships for
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
before
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
brought an enormous economic boom. An
Alcoa aluminum plant opened on September 2, 1940, using inexpensive power from the nearby
New Deal hydropower turbines at
Bonneville Dam. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor,
Henry Kaiser opened a
shipyard next to the U.S. Army base, which by 1944 employed as many as 36,000 people in a twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week production of
Liberty ships,
landing ship tanks, and
escort carriers. This influx of shipyard workers boosted the population from 18,000 to over 80,000 in just a few months, leading to the creation of the Vancouver Housing Authority and six new
residential developments: Fruit Valley, Fourth Plain Village, Bagley Downs, Ogden Meadows, Burton Homes and McLoughlin Heights. Each of these was later incorporated into the city, and are well-known neighborhoods, while the neighboring "shipyard city" of
Vanport, Oregon, would be destroyed by the
Memorial Day flood of 1948.
Vancouver has experienced conflicts with other Clark County communities because of rapid growth in the area. The city's first annexation more than doubled its size in 1909, with the largest annexation of 1997 adding and 58,171 residents. As a result of urban growth and the 1997 annexation, Vancouver is often thought of as split between two areas, East and West Vancouver, divided by NE Andresen Road. West Vancouver is home to downtown Vancouver and most of the more historical parts of the city, as well as recent high-density mixed-use development. East Vancouver includes the communities of Cascade Park East and West, which had populations of 6,996 and 6,956 in 1990, before annexation.
21st century
More than one-third of the Vancouver urban area's population lives in unincorporated urban areas north of the city limits, including the communities of
Hazel Dell,
Felida,
Orchards and
Salmon Creek. If county leaders had approved another major annexation plan in 2006, Vancouver would have surpassed
Tacoma and
Spokane to become the state's second-largest city.
Military presence
During 1852–54, future United States President
Ulysses S. Grant, then a captain in the U.S. Army, was
quartermaster at what was then known as Columbia Barracks. Soon after leaving Vancouver, Grant resigned from the army and did not serve again until the outbreak of the
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
in 1861. Other notable generals to have served in Vancouver include
George B. McClellan,
Philip Sheridan,
Oliver O. Howard and 1953 Nobel Peace Prize recipient
George C. Marshall.
Army presence in Vancouver was very strong, as the Department of the Columbia built and moved to
Vancouver Barracks, the military reservation for which stretched from the river to what is currently Fourth Plain Boulevard and was the largest Army base in the region until surpassed by
Fort Lewis, to the north. Built on the old company gardens and skirmish range, Pearson Army Field (later
Pearson Field) was a key facility, and at one point the
US Army Signal Corps operated the largest spruce cut-up plant in the world to provide much-needed wood for airplanes. Vancouver became the end point for two ultra-long flights from Moscow,
USSR, over the North Pole. The first of these flights was performed by
Valery Chkalov in 1937 on a
Tupolev ANT-25RD airplane. Chkalov was originally scheduled to land at an airstrip on
Swan Island in nearby
Portland, Oregon
Portland ( ) is the List of cities in Oregon, most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest region. Situated close to northwest Oregon at the confluence of the Willamette River, Willamette and Columbia River, ...
, but was redirected at the last minute to Vancouver's Pearson Airfield. In June 1975, a monument was dedicated commemorating the event near State Highway 14, then moved to the north side of Pearson Field in 1987. Chkalov Drive, in east Vancouver, was named in his honor.
Geography

Vancouver is located just north of the
Columbia River and the
Oregon
Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...
border, just west of where the
Columbia River Gorge bisects the volcanic
Cascade Range and just east of where the
Willamette River enters the Columbia. The city of Vancouver is in the Western Lowlands region of Washington. When clouds do not blanket the Puget–Willamette trough formed by the Cascade and
Coast Range,
Mount Hood,
Mount St. Helens,
Mount Rainier,
Mount Jefferson and
Mount Adams are all visible from Vancouver.
According to the
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...
, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
Vancouver lies just north of Portland, Oregon, with which it shares a similar climate. Both are classified as warm-summer Mediterranean (Csb) on the
Köppen climate classification, but with certain key differences. High pressures east of the
Cascade Range create something of a
venturi effect, leading to cold east winds down the Columbia River Gorge. Unsheltered by the
Willamette Valley, Vancouver has historically seen colder temperatures, including "silver thaw" storms where freezing rain cakes limbs and power lines. Such storms can paralyze Vancouver. This occasionally freezes the river, and in 1916 cut electric power in the city for almost two weeks. Rainfall occurs frequently throughout the fall, winter, and spring, but ceases around the middle of June, with dry and warm weather lasting through September. Average annual precipitation is . Heavy snowfalls are infrequent and snow often falls and doesn't stick, with major snowstorms only occurring every 2–4 years. Close proximity to the river was also a concern for flooding, before dams constricted the river, destroying features such as
Celilo Falls. Periodic floods have been a nuisance, with two of the most destructive occurring in June 1894 and May 1948. The
1948 Columbia River flood almost topped the Interstate Bridge's support piers and completely destroyed nearby
Vanport, Oregon. Other unusual storms include the
Columbus Day Storm of 1962 and an
April 5, 1972, tornado which rated F3 on the
Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; ), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determ ...
, striking a local school. An EF1 tornado struck on
January 10, 2008, just after noon, causing moderate damage along a path from
Vancouver Lake to the unincorporated Hazel Dell area.
Because many Vancouver residents work in Portland, there is typically significant rush-hour traffic congestion on two bridges that cross the Columbia River – the
Interstate Bridge and the
Glenn Jackson Bridge. In 2017 there were 297,932 weekday vehicle crossings on the two bridges.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the
2020 census, there were 190,915 people, and 75,663 households in the county.
The population density was 3,917.2/sq mi.The racial makeup of the city was 76.5% White, 2.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.6% Pacific Islander, and 9.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 14.7% of the population.
The average household size was 2.46 people.
22.1% of the population were under 18, and 6.2% were under 5. 15.7% of people were older than 65. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% female, and 49.4% male.
The median household income was $67,462, but the per capita income was $36,053. 12.7% of the population was below the
poverty line
The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...
.
The ancestry of the city is 16.1% German, 10.9% English, 9.7% Irish, 3.9% Norwegian, 2.9% Italian, 2.8% French,1.5% Polish, and 0.7% Subsaharan African.
2010 census
As of the
2010 census, there were 161,791 people, 65,691 households, and 40,246 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 70,005 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 80.9%
White
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 2.9%
African American, 1.0%
Native American, 5.0%
Asian, 1.0%
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, 4.3% from
other races, and 4.8% from two or more races.
Hispanic
The term Hispanic () are people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or broadly. In some contexts, Hispanic and Latino Americans, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an Ethnici ...
or
Latino people of any race were 10.4% of the population.
There were 65,691 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.
The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
2000 census
As of the
2000 census, there were 143,560 people, 56,628 households, and 36,298 families living in the city. The population density is . There were 60,039 housing units at an average density of . According to the 2000 census, The racial makeup of the city was 76.2%
White
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 2.9%
African American, 1.0%
Native American, 5.0%
Asian, 1.0%
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, and 4.80% from two or more races.
Hispanic
The term Hispanic () are people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or broadly. In some contexts, Hispanic and Latino Americans, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an Ethnici ...
or
Latino people of any race were 10.4% of the population. 16.4% were of German, 9.2% English, 8.4% Irish and 7.9% American ancestry. 89.2% spoke English, 5.1% Spanish, 3.2% Russian, 1.4%
Ukrainian and 1.1%
Vietnamese at home.
There were 56,628 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the city, 26.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.8% was from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
The
median income for a household in the city was $41,618, and the median income for a family was $47,696. Males had a median income of $37,306 versus $26,940 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,192. 9.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older.
Economy
The Vancouver economy is characterized by
border economics with neighboring Portland, Oregon. The state of Washington levies no individual or corporate income taxes and levies a property tax below the national average and a sales tax above the national median.
The State of Oregon has even lower property taxes and no sales tax but one of the highest state income taxes.
As a result, many Vancouver residents prefer to shop in neighboring Portland where they do not pay sales taxes,
then live and work in Vancouver where they do not pay state income tax (though Washington residents who work in Oregon must pay Oregon income tax.) For the same reasons, the city is popular with retirees. Conversely, the city is less favored by students and young adults. In 2003, 70% of workers in Vancouver worked in Clark County. There is a risk in sales tax avoidance because Washington has a use tax due on all purchases made in Oregon that are then returned to Washington. Vancouver residents "shop at their own risk" when attempting to avoid the sales tax in Washington, although the rule is rarely, if ever, enforced except for purchases requiring registration, such as motor vehicles.
The taxation and demographics of the area depresses the retail sector of Vancouver's economy. Oregon has stricter development laws to protect the timber industry; therefore, Vancouver tends to attract a higher proportion of the region's sprawling development. The voting base also led to rejection of extension of Portland's light-rail system into the city for several years. In 2013, Washington transitioned away from being a
control state.
The economic history of Vancouver reflects the region. Moving from a salmon- and trade-based indigenous economy by the
Chinook people, the
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), originally the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading Into Hudson’s Bay, is a Canadian holding company of department stores, and the oldest corporation in North America. It was the owner of the ...
pioneered extractive industries such as the
fur trade and timber. Subsistence agricultural gave way to market and export crops such as apples, strawberries and prunes. Largely bypassed by the railroad in the 1880s, when the Oregon Steam Navigation company would ferry trains across the river downstream from
St. Helens, Oregon to
Kalama, Washington, early downtown development was focused around Washington Street (where ferries arrived), lumber and Vancouver Barracks activities such as a large spruce mill for manufacturing airplanes. A 1908 railroad
swing bridge across the Columbia allowed greater industrial developments such as the Standifer Shipyard during the first world war.
With the Interstate Bridge and
Bonneville Dam Vancouver saw an industrial boom in the 1940s, including the
Kaiser shipyard and
Alcoa, as well as a
Boise Cascade paper mill, just west of the Interstate Bridge.
As the
old-growth forests were depleted and heavy industry left the United States, Vancouver's economy largely changed to high tech and service industry jobs, with many residents commuting to Portland. Vancouver contains the corporate headquarters for
Nautilus, Inc.,
ZoomInfo,
Papa Murphy's Pizza and The Holland (parent company of the
Burgerville restaurant chain).
The
Port of Vancouver USA operates a port on the Columbia River, which separates
Oregon
Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...
to the south and
Washington to the north. It handles over 400 ocean-going vessels annually, as well as a number of barges which ply the river and its tributaries as far as
Lewiston, Idaho.
The Vancouver Energy project was a proposed crude oil transport hub in the Port of Vancouver USA. It was estimated to produce the equivalent of $1.6 billion in employment income during the terminal's construction and for its first 15 years of operation.
Vancouver Energy ended its bid to build the hub in February 2018 following Governor Jay Inslee's rejection of the project.
In 2017, there were 4,550 employer firms.
2,143 of these firms were shown to be owned by men, and 943 were shown to be owned by women. 556 of the firms were shown to be owned by minorities, and 3,234 were not shown to be owned by minorities. 241 of these firms were owned by veterans.
Largest employers
According to the city's 2022
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are:
Downtown revitalization
In 1997, the city of Vancouver decided to dedicate the next 15–20 years to redeveloping and revitalizing the downtown core, west of I-5 and south of Evergreen Boulevard. The first projects started in the early 2000s with the construction of many tall
condominium structures around
Esther Short Park. The most lauded outside investment was the construction of a
Hilton hotel directly across from the park.
The Downtown redevelopment of Vancouver continued after a slowdown during the 2009–2012 recession. Numerous projects began to rise up around the city core and as of mid-2020 more than three dozen projects with mid-rise or high-rise structures were completed, under construction, or proposed.
In 2016 the first ground was broken for the $1.5 billion, 21-block redevelopment of Vancouver's waterfront at the former site of Boise Cascade Paper Mill. The site had been inaccessible to the public for more than 100 years. The project was planned for 3,300 residential units, and roughly of office and retail space. Around 15,000 people were in attendance for the official grand opening, in 2018, of the project and associated public space including Grant Street Pier, a cable-stayed viewing deck that extends out over the Columbia River.
The Redevelopment of Terminal One master plan was approved by the city council in 2017. This $500 million project will include multiple phases over several years including a seven-story AC Marriott hotel that began site preparation and construction in late 2019. Future plans in the master plan called for a
mixed-use complex of mid-rise buildings on four blocks and a complete rebuild of the original 100-year-old Terminal One dock and pier. A public open-air market is also planned.
''
The Columbian'' newspaper moved to a new seven-story office building adjacent to the Hilton in 2008. Two years later, ''The Columbian'' filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy and the building defaulted to
Bank of America
The Bank of America Corporation (Bank of America) (often abbreviated BofA or BoA) is an American multinational investment banking, investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered at the Bank of America Corporate Center in ...
. In June 2010, the City of Vancouver agreed to purchase the office building for use as a new city hall for $18.5 million, a fraction of the $41.5 million sale price the owners of The Columbian office building had been asking prior to filing for bankruptcy. In 2011, the city consolidated five separate buildings housing 300 employees into the new building, located at 415 W. 6th Street. The move saved the city approximately $1 million a year in facility lease and maintenance costs.
The Fort Vancouver Regional Library District opened a new library on C Street at Evergreen Boulevard in 2011. Future plans on C Street include a new
Marriott hotel and roughly 250 new condominiums.
Government
Vancouver relies on a
council–manager form of government composed of seven city council members including a
non-partisan mayor's office. The mayor and council members serve four year terms. As is common in council-manager municipal government, the council oversees legislative issues such as local ordinances, while executive and administrative leadership is carried out by a
city manager hired by the council. Vancouver also serves as the seat of Clark County and its associated county manager and
council.
Arts and culture

In the early 2000s, Vancouver began seeing a revitalization of the local arts scene and cultural events. In 2010 there was a movement among local artists to form cooperatives and meet with established local gallery owners for a monthly forum known as "Art Conversations". Many of Vancouver's art galleries are located in downtown Vancouver, and in 2014, the City Council formally designated an "Arts District" in the downtown core.
The
Kiggins Theatre located within the Downtown Vancouver Art District, was built in 1936 by architect Day Hillborn. It was named for J.P. Kiggins, an entrepreneur and politician who cut a swath through town in the early 20th century, serving as Vancouver's mayor for 15 non-consecutive years between 1908 and 1935. It was renovated and reopened in 2011 as an independent film and community event venue.
The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra first formed in the late 1970s. Conducted and directed by Dr. Salvadore Brotons, the Symphony regularly performs concerts.
Annual events
Every June since 2006, the Recycled Arts Festival held in Esther Short Park has featured the work of dozens of artists whose creations are made from at least 75% reused or recycled materials, along with live music and food.
Since the mid-1960s, Vancouver has hosted a
Fourth of July fireworks display on the grounds of
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site that draws many people to the city. The display routinely ran to 45 minutes, attracted up to 60,000 visitors and was broadcast on area television, one of the largest west of the Mississippi River. Due to the death of key organizer "Mister Fireworks" Jim Larson and economic conditions during the
Great Recession, the show was not held in 2009.
A shorter, redesigned show debuted in 2010 and brought in approximately 35,000 people.
As of 2019, The Historic Trust (formerly the "Fort Vancouver National Trust"
) continues to organize the fireworks event.
The fireworks were not held in 2020 or 2021 due to COVID-19.
4 Days of Aloha, also known as the Hawaiian Festival, takes place in late July in Esther Short Park, Clark College, and Fort Vancouver. Started in 2012 by "Aunty" Deva Yamashiro, a hula dancer and self-appointed cultural ambassador for Hawaii, the festival features live music, dance performances, craft workshops, and a celebration of Hawaiian food, arts, and culture.
Late August features the
Vancouver Wine and Jazz Festival in Esther Short Park, which brought 13,500 attendees in 2012 and which is considered the largest jazz festival in the
Pacific Northwest.
Architecture and notable buildings
Mother Joseph was one of the first architects in the region, and because of its relatively long history, Vancouver contains a variety of buildings. Homes vary from
Victorians and craftsman bungalows downtown, to small wartime
tract housing and
ranch-styles mid-town, with rural styles and larger homes in the outer ring. In addition to the reconstructed
Fort Vancouver at the
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, the city was named one of the
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...
' "Dozen Distinctive Destinations" for 2003.
Other notable buildings in Vancouver include:
* The
Covington House at 4201 Main Street, a
log cabin and boarding school built 1846–1848
*
Officers Row, including the Grant House (first house on the Columbia Barracks) and the
Queen Anne-style 1866 Marshall House
*
Mother Joseph's
Providence Academy, dedicated in 1873, where Evergreen Boulevard crosses
Interstate 5
* The
Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater (formerly St. James Church) saw its first Roman Catholic Mass celebrated August 16, 1885
* The
Carnegie library at Sixteenth and Main, which opened on New Year's Eve 1909, to showcase its unusual electric lights; it is now the site of the
Clark County Historical Museum
* The 1914
Chicago-style U.S. National Bank (now the Heritage Building) at sixth and Main
* The 1916
U.S. Post Office at 1211 Daniels Street
* The
vertical-lift Interstate Bridge, which opened on February 14, 1917,
Oregon
Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...
's 58th anniversary
* The 1935
art deco telephone exchange building at Eleventh and Washington
* The 1941 Clark County Courthouse, designed by prolific local architect Day Hillborn
* Smith Tower, a round downtown apartment building for the elderly, built in 1965
* The Hilton Hotel and Vancouver Convention Center across from
Esther Short Park
Many of these buildings have been repurposed. The 1867 Slocum House, an
Italianate villa-style residence originally built one block south of its current location in
Esther Short Park, was moved to its present location in 1966 and now houses a winery and art gallery.
The Carnegie Library was expanded in the 1940s, becoming the
Clark County Historical Museum after a new library was built in 1963. Other buildings have been torn down for urban renewal or renovated to house professional offices for lawyers and accountants.
Education
Public schools
Vancouver has two school districts:
Vancouver Public Schools and
Evergreen School District. A very small part of the city to the east is in the
Camas School District. A small part to the north is in
Battle Ground School District.
The Vancouver Public Schools cover most of west Vancouver and has seven high schools:
Hudson's Bay High School,
Columbia River High School,
Fort Vancouver High School, Vancouver Flex Academy,
Skyview High School,
Vancouver School of Arts and Academics, and
Vancouver iTech Preparatory (grades 6–12). It also has six middle schools:
Alki Middle School, Discovery Middle School, Gaiser Middle School,
Jason Lee Middle School,
Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and McLoughlin Middle School.
Vancouver Public Schools' elementary schools include
Sarah J. Anderson, Chinook, Eisenhower, Felida, Ben Franklin, Fruit Valley Community Learning Center, Harney, Hazel Dell, Hough, Martin Luther King, Lake Shore, Lincoln, Marshall, Minnehaha, Peter S. Ogden, Eleanor Roosevelt, Sacajawea, Salmon Creek, Truman, Walnut Grove, and Washington.
The Evergreen School District covers most of east Vancouver and has seven high schools:
Evergreen High School,
Mountain View High School, Henrietta Lacks Health and Bioscience High School, Heritage High School,
Union High School, Legacy High School, and Cascadia Technical Academy (formerly Clark County Vocational Skills Center).
The district has six middle schools: Cascade, Covington, Frontier, Pacific, Shahala, and Wy'East.
Evergreen School District's 21 elementary schools are: Burton, Burnt Bridge Creek, Columbia Valley, Crestline, Ellsworth, Emerald, Endeavour, Fircrest, Fisher's Landing, Harmony, Hearthwood, Illahee, Image, Marrion, Mill Plain, Orchards, Pioneer, Riverview, Sifton, Silver Star, Sunset, and York.
Vancouver is also home to the
Washington School for the Deaf and
Washington School for the Blind, and (through Evergreen School District) Home Choice Academy, for home-schoolers.
Colleges and universities
*
Clark College (two-year)
*
Gateway Seminary
*
Washington State University, Vancouver
Media
Vancouver is located within the Portland media market for print, radio, and television media. It does, however, serve as the hometown for some media, including ''
The Columbian'', the Portland, Oregon newspaper ''
The Oregonian'' that covers some southwest Washington news, and ''
The Vancouver Voice'' which was southwest Washington's only alternative periodical for a time, and published from 2006 to 2011.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Vancouver has two interstate freeways,
I-5 and
I-205, both of which run north–south, across the
Columbia River into Portland and toward
Seattle
Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...
. It also has two heavily travelled
state highway
A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either Route number, numbered or maintained by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered ...
s within the city limits.
SR 14 begins at I-5 in downtown Vancouver and makes its way east. It is a freeway all the way until
Camas.
SR 500 begins from I-5 at 39th Street in north Vancouver, travels east connecting with I-205, and continues east into the suburb of Orchards where the freeway terminates at Fourth Plain Boulevard, and meets with the south end of north–south-oriented 117th Ave.,
SR 503. A third state highway,
SR 501, starts at I-5 and heads west through downtown and continues along a path that runs between the Columbia River and Vancouver Lake.
The area's mass transit system is
C-Tran, the Clark County Public Transportation Benefit Area Authority, which operates 135 buses, vanpools, and paratransit vehicles. There are also a number of express routes into Portland's downtown.
There have been multiple discussions about extending Portland's
Max Light Rail system into Vancouver. In 1995, Clark County voters rejected a ballot measure that would have funded a light rail extension north into Vancouver. Opposition to paying for light rail was strong at that time, but slowly declined over the following several years, eventually leading Vancouver officials to begin discussing the idea again. Meanwhile,
TriMet reconstituted its planned MAX line to Vancouver as a shorter line running only within Portland, which could potentially be extended across the river and into Clark County at a later date. This extension of the MAX system opened in 2004 as the
Yellow Line, running as far north as the
Portland Expo Center, approximately south of downtown Vancouver. In 2012, Vancouver voters rejected a sales tax proposal to fund light rail operations in connection with the
Columbia River Crossing proposal. In 2022, the
Interstate Bridge Replacement Program included a new proposal for a light rail extension into downtown Vancouver.
Vancouver has always been well served by rail; current freight railroads operating in Vancouver include the
BNSF,
Union Pacific, and the local shortline
Lewis and Clark Railway.
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to
Vancouver Station. The long-distance ''
Coast Starlight'' and ''
Empire Builder'' serve the city, as well as the regional
Amtrak ''Cascades''.
Pearson Field, located near downtown Vancouver, is the main airport serving the city. The airport is intended primarily for general aviation without any commercial air service. The nearest commercial airport is
Portland International Airport (PDX).
Sports
The
Vancouver Volcanoes of
The Basketball League (TBL) have played at
Hudson's Bay High School since 2022.
Notable people
Sister cities
Vancouver has one
sister city:
*
Jōyō,
Kyoto
Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...
,
Kansai, Japan
Vancouver previously had a sister-city relationship with
Arequipa
Arequipa (; Aymara language, Aymara and ), also known by its nicknames of ''Ciudad Blanca'' (Spanish for "White City") and ''León del Sur'' (Spanish for "South's Lion"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous Arequipa (province), ...
,
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
, between 1961 and 1993, but that relationship ended.
References
External links
*
Vancouver Chamber of Commerce official websiteVancouver WA Tourism Office
{{Authority control
Cities in Washington (state)
Cities in Clark County, Washington
County seats in Washington (state)
Washington (state) populated places on the Columbia River
Portland metropolitan area
Cities in the Portland metropolitan area
Ukrainian communities in the United States
1857 establishments in Washington Territory