The gens Valeria was a patrician family at

ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...

, prominent from the very beginning of the

Republic A republic, based on the Latin phrase ''res publica'' ('public affair' or 'people's affair'), is a State (polity), state in which Power (social and political), political power rests with the public (people), typically through their Representat ...

to the latest period of the

Empire An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outpost (military), outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a hegemony, dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the ...

Publius Valerius Poplicola Publius Valerius Poplicola or Publicola (died 503 BC) was one of four Roman aristocrats who led the overthrow of the monarchy, and became a Roman consul, the colleague of Lucius Junius Brutus in 509 BC, traditionally considered the first year o ...

was one of the

consuls A consul is an official representative of a government who resides in a foreign country to assist and protect citizens of the consul's country, and to promote and facilitate commercial and diplomatic relations between the two countries. A consu ...

in 509 BC, the year that saw the overthrow of the

Tarquins The gens Tarquinia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, usually associated with Lucius Tarquinius Priscus and Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the fifth and seventh King of Rome, Kings of Rome. Most of the Tarquinii who appear in history are connect ...

, and the members of his family were among the most celebrated statesmen and generals at the beginning of the Republic. Over the next ten centuries, few gentes produced as many distinguished men, and at every period the name of ''Valerius'' was constantly to be found in the lists of annual

magistrates The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a ''magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judici ...

, and held in the highest honour. Several of the

emperors The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/ grand empress dowager), or a woman who rule ...

claimed descent from the Valerii, whose name they bore as part of their official nomenclature.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 1215, 1216 ("

Valeria Gens The gens Valeria was a patrician family at ancient Rome, prominent from the very beginning of the Republic to the latest period of the Empire. Publius Valerius Poplicola was one of the consuls in 509 BC, the year that saw the overthrow of the ...

"). A number of unusual privileges attached to this family, including the right to burial within the city walls, and a special place for its members in the

Circus Maximus The Circus Maximus (Latin for "largest circus"; Italian language, Italian: ''Circo Massimo'') is an ancient Roman chariot racing, chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy. In the valley between the Aventine Hill, Avent ...

, where the unique honour of a throne was granted them. The house built by Poplicola at the foot of the

Velian Hill The Velia — or Velian Hill or Velian Ridge — is a saddle or spur stretching out from the middle of the north side of the Palatine Hill towards the Oppian Hill (itself a spur of the Esquiline Hill) in Rome. In later times, the Velia was c ...

was the only one whose doors were permitted to open into the street.Plutarch, "The Life of Publicola", 20. The historian

Barthold Georg Niebuhr Barthold Georg Niebuhr (27 August 1776 – 2 January 1831) was a Danish–German statesman, banker, and historian who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography. By 1810 Niebuhr wa ...

conjectured that, during the transition from the

monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutio ...

to the Republic, the Valerii were entitled to exercise royal power on behalf of the Titienses, one of the three Romulean tribes that made up the Roman people. Although one of the most noble and illustrious families of the Roman aristocracy, from the very beginning the Valerii were notable for their advocacy of

plebeian In ancient Rome, the plebeians or plebs were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words "commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of the gro ...

causes, and many important laws protecting the rights of the plebeians were sponsored by the Valerii. As with many other ancient patrician houses, the family also acquired plebeian branches, which must have been descended either from

freedmen A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or self- ...

of the Valerii, or from members of the family who, for one reason or another, had gone over to the plebeians.

Origin

According to tradition, the Valerii were of

Sabine The Sabines (, , , ; ) were an Italic people who lived in the central Apennine Mountains (see Sabina) of the ancient Italian Peninsula, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome. The Sabines divided int ...

descent, having come to Rome with

Titus Tatius According to the Roman foundation myth, Titus Tatius, also called Tatius Sabinus, was king of the Sabines from Cures and joint-ruler of the Kingdom of Rome for several years. During the reign of Romulus, the first king of Rome, Tatius dec ...

, shortly after the founding of the city.Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ii. 46.Plutarch, "The Life of Numa", 5, "The Life of Publicola", 1. However, their nomen, ''Valerius'', is a patronymic surname derived from the Latin

praenomen The praenomen (; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Ancient Rome, Roman child. It was first bestowed on the ''dies lustricus'' (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the ...

''Volesus'' or ''Volusus'', which in turn is derived from , to be strong.

Volesus :''This page is about the ancestor of the Valerii. For the Latin personal name, see Volesus (praenomen).'' Volesus or Volusus, sometimes called Volesus Valerius, was the eponymous ancestor of '' gens Valeria'', one of the greatest patrician houses ...

, or Volesus Valerius, the eponymous ancestor of the gens, is said to have been a powerful warrior in the retinue of the Sabine king. Several generations later, another Volesus Valerius was the father of Publius, Marcus, and Manius, three brothers from whom the oldest branches of the family claimed descent.

Praenomina

The earliest of the Valerii known to history bore the praenomen ''

'', which continued to enjoy occasional use among the Valerii of the early Republic. However, most ''stirpes'' of the Valerii favoured '' Publius, Marcus, Manius'', and ''

Lucius Lucius is a masculine given name derived from Lucius (Latin ; ), abbreviated L., one of the small group of common Latin forenames () found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius probably derives from Latin word ( gen. ), meaning "light" (<

''. Several branches of the family also used ''

Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People * Gaius (biblical figure) (1st century AD) *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida * Gaius Asinius Gal ...

'', while the Valerii Faltones employed ''

Quintus Quintus is a male given name derived from ''Quintus (praenomen), Quintus'', a common Latin language, Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth". Quintus is ...

'', and the Valerii Asiatici of imperial times used '' Decimus''. Other names are seldom found among the Valerii, although in one instance ''Potitus'', an ancient surname of the gens, was revived as a praenomen by the Valerii Messallae during the first century. Examples of '' Aulus'', '' Numerius'', '' Sextus'', ''

Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...

'', and ''

Titus Titus Caesar Vespasianus ( ; 30 December 39 – 13 September AD 81) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, becoming the first Roman emperor ever to succeed h ...

'' are found in inscriptions.

Branches and cognomina

The oldest branches of the Valerii bore the surnames ''Poplicola, Potitus'', and ''Maximus'', with ''Volusus'' being used by the first generations of the ''Potiti'' and ''Maximi''. Later families bore various

cognomina A ''cognomen'' (; : ''cognomina''; from ''co-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditar ...

, including ''Corvus'' or ''Corvinus, Falto, Flaccus, Laevinus, Messalla, Tappo'', and ''Triarius''. Most other surnames found in Republican times belonged to freedmen or clientes of the Valerii. The surnames ''Acisculus, Catullus, Flaccus'', and ''Barbatus'' appear on coins. A few Valerii are known without any cognomina, but they achieved little of significance. ''Poplicola'', also found as ''Publicola'' and ''Poplicula'', belongs to a class of surnames referring to the character of the bearer. Derived from and , the name might best be explained as "one who courts the people."''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 600 (" Publicola"),Chase, pp. 110, 111. The cognomen first appears in history as the surname given to Publius Valerius, one of the consuls chosen in 509 BC to serve alongside

Lucius Junius Brutus Lucius Junius Brutus (died ) was the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of its two first consuls. Depicted as responsible for the expulsion of his uncle, the Roman king Tarquinius Superbus after the suicide of L ...

. Despite his patrician background, he made a considerable effort to win the support of the plebeians, averting a breach between the two orders at the inception of the Republic. ''Poplicola'' seems to have been the original form, while in inscriptions ''Publicola'' is more common, and ''Poplicula'' is occasionally found. ''Publicola'' is found in literary sources from the end of the Republic, including

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding i ...

and

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises tha ...

. The Valerii Potiti were descended from

Marcus Valerius Volusus Marcus Valerius Volusus (or Volesus, sometimes referred to as M. Valerius Volusus Maximus) was a Roman consul with Publius Postumius Tubertus in 505 BC. He was the son of Volesus Valerius and brother to Publius Valerius Publicola (consul in 5 ...

, the brother of Poplicola, who fell in battle at

Lake Regillus A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from t ...

. The surname ''Potitus'' seems to be derived from , to place someone under one's power, and might be translated as "leader". This family flourished from the early years of the Republic down to the Samnite Wars, when the cognomen seems to have been replaced by ''Flaccus'', a surname first borne by one of the Potiti, who must have been flabby or had floppy ears. ''Potitus'' was later revived as a praenomen by the Valerii Messallae, a practice that was common in aristocratic families toward the end of the Republic. As a distinct family, the Valerii Flacci continued down to the first century AD. ''Maximus'', the superlative of , "great", was the cognomen of the Valerii descended from the third brother, Manius Valerius Volusus, who first bore the surname. The Valerii Maximi appear in history down to the

First Punic War The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and grea ...

, after which time the surname was replaced by ''Messalla'' or ''Messala'', a cognomen derived from the city of

Messana Messina ( , ; ; ; ) is a harbour city and the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina. It is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of 216,918 inhabitants in the city p ...

Sicilia Sicily (Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy. With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1. ...

. The first to bear this name received it after relieving Messana from a

Carthaginian The term Carthaginian ( ) usually refers to the civilisation of ancient Carthage. It may also refer to: * Punic people, the Semitic-speaking people of Carthage * Punic language The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, i ...

blockade in 264 BC. The Valerii Messallae held numerous consulships and other high offices in the Roman state, remaining prominent well into imperial times. Some of them had additional surnames, including ''Barbatus'', "bearded", as well as ''Niger'' and ''Rufus'', originally referring to someone with black or red hair. The names ''Valerius Maximus'' and ''Valerius Messalla'' occur as late as the third century, but the consular family of that age may have been descended from the Valerii through the female line, and more properly belonged to the Vipstani. The branch of the Valerii Maximi that gave rise to the Messallae also bore the surname ''Corvinus'', a diminutive of , a raven. The first of this family was

Marcus Valerius Corvus Marcus Valerius Corvus (c. 370–270 BC), also sometimes known as Corvinus, was a military commander and politician who served in the early-to-middle period of the Roman Republic. During his career he was elected consul six times, beginning at the ...

, who in his youth earned everlasting renown for his combat against a giant

Gaul Gaul () was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Roman people, Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy. It covered an area of . Ac ...

in 349 BC. Corvus defeated his adversary with the help of a raven that repeatedly flew in the barbarian's face. He held the consulship six times, was dictator twice, and reached the age of one hundred. The two forms of this surname are interchangeable, but the hero is usually referred to as ''Corvus'', while ''Corvinus'' generally refers to his descendants.Chase, pp. 112, 113. Another branch of the Valerii Maximi bore the surname ''Lactucinus'', derived from , lettuce, the cognomen of an early member of the family. Such names, referring to objects, were quite common at Rome. The first of this family was a son of the first Valerius Maximus, but the surname was of brief duration; the last mention of the Valerii Lactucinae is early in the fourth century BC. The cognomen , meaning "left-handed", belonged to a family of the Valerii that was prominent for about a century, beginning with the

Pyrrhic War The Pyrrhic War ( ; 280–275 BC) was largely fought between the Roman Republic and Pyrrhus, the king of Epirus, who had been asked by the people of the Greek city of Tarentum in southern Italy to help them in their war against the Romans. A ...

, in 280 BC. This family may have been another offshoot of the Valerii Maximi, as the surname first appears in connection with the trial of

Spurius Cassius Vecellinus Spurius Cassius Vecellinus or Vicellinus (died 485 BC) was one of the most distinguished men of the early Roman Republic. He was three times consul, and celebrated two triumphs. He was the first ''magister equitum'', and the author of the first ag ...

in 485 BC. They continued long after they had ceased to have any importance in the Roman state, and the family is mentioned as late as the end of the first century AD.Chase, pp. 109, 110. The Valerii Faltones flourished at the end of the third century BC, first appearing at the end of the First Punic War. Their relationship to the other Valerii is not immediately apparent, as none of the older stirpes of the gens used the praenomen ''Quintus'', but they may have been a cadet branch of the Valerii Maximi, whose surname disappears around this time. The surname ''Falto'' is another form of , referring to a falcon, and was commonly given to someone with inward-pointing toes, resembling talons. The plebeian Valerii Triarii belong to the time of Cicero, in the first century BC. None of them rose higher than the rank of

praetor ''Praetor'' ( , ), also ''pretor'', was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected ''magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to disch ...

, and the family was of brief duration. Their surname, ''Triarius'', seems to allude to their military service; in the Roman army of this period, a was a soldier of the third rank, the heavily armed reserve infantry, often consisting of older, wealthier men, and the last line of defense in battle. ''Catullus'' seems to be another orthography of , a surname of the

Lutatia gens The gens Lutatia, occasionally written Luctatia, was a plebeian family of ancient Rome. The first of the gens to obtain the Roman consul, consulship was Gaius Lutatius Catulus in 242 BC, the final year of the First Punic War. Orosius mentions th ...

, referring to a whelp, cub, or puppy. The Valerii Catulli appear in the first century BC, beginning with the renowned poet, and their surname continued through the first century of the Empire. One of the Catulli bore the additional surname of ''Messalinus'', previously associated with the Valerii Messallae, but it is unclear whether the Catulli were descended from the Messallae, or whether the surname entered the family at a later time. The pairing of ''Catullus Messalinus'' was also borne by one of the Valerii Asiatici, but again the nature of the relationship between these families is unknown. ''Asiaticus'', the surname of the only major family of the Valerian gens to emerge in imperial times, belongs to a class of cognomina typically derived from the locations of military exploits. In this instance the source of the name is not apparent, although it might allude to some connection with the

Cornelii The gens Cornelia was one of the greatest patrician houses at ancient Rome. For more than seven hundred years, from the early decades of the Republic to the third century AD, the Cornelii produced more eminent statesmen and generals than any othe ...

Scipiones;

Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (properly Asiagenes; 3rd century BC – after 183 BC) was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio and the younger brother of Scipio Africanus. He was elected c ...

was the younger brother of

Scipio Africanus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (, , ; 236/235–) was a Roman general and statesman who was one of the main architects of Rome's victory against Ancient Carthage, Carthage in the Second Punic War. Often regarded as one of the greatest milit ...

, and his surname was passed down in his family for several generations. The Valerii Asiatici were closely connected with the imperial family from the time of

Caligula Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), also called Gaius and Caligula (), was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Ag ...

to that of

Hadrian Hadrian ( ; ; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in Spain, an Italic peoples, Italic settlement in Hispania Baetica; his branch of the Aelia gens, Aelia '' ...

, and accounted for several consulships.

Members

Early Valerii

or Volusus, the eponymous ancestor of the gens, is said to have come to Rome with

during the time of

Romulus Romulus (, ) was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of th ...

, the first King of Rome. * Marcus Valerius, One of the

fetiales A fetial (; , . ) was a type of priest in ancient Rome. They formed a '' collegium'' devoted to Jupiter as the patron of good faith. The duties of the fetials included advising the Senate on foreign affairs and international treaties, making for ...

appointed by

Tullus Hostilius Tullus Hostilius (; r. 672–640 BC) was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king who, according to the Roman historian Livy, b ...

to sign a treaty with

Alba Longa Alba Longa (occasionally written Albalonga in Italian sources) was an ancient Latins (Italic tribe), Latin city in Central Italy in the vicinity of Lake Albano in the Alban Hills. The ancient Romans believed it to be the founder and head of the ...

, preceding the duel of the Horatii and Curiatii, in which each side agreed to accept subjugation under the other if their champions were defeated. * Volesus Valerius, a descendant of the first Volesus, was the father of Publius Valerius Poplicola, Marcus Valerius Volusus, and Manius Valerius Volusus Maximus.''

Fasti Capitolini The ''Fasti Capitolini'', or Capitoline Fasti, are a list of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, extending from the early fifth century BC down to the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Together with similar lists found at Rom ...

'', ; 1904, 114; ; 1940, 59, 60. * Valeria, appointed the first priestess of Fortuna Muliebris in 488 BC.

Valerii Poplicolae

* Publius Valerius Vol. f. Poplicola, or Publicola,

consul Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states thro ...

in 509 BC, the first year of the Republic; he triumphed over the forces of the king. Consul again in 508, 507, and 504, when he triumphed over the

Sabines The Sabines (, , , ; ) were an Italic people who lived in the central Apennine Mountains (see Sabina) of the ancient Italian Peninsula, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome. The Sabines divided int ...

. * Marcus Valerius P. f. Vol. n. Poplicola, perished at the Battle of Lake Regillus, after recovering the body of his uncle, Marcus Valerius Volusus. According to Dionysius, his brother Publius was also slain, but this appears to be a mistake, as Publius was consul twice after this, although he did fall in battle during his second consulship. * Publius Valerius P. f. Vol. n. Poplicola, consul in 475 and 460 BC, and

interrex The interrex (plural interreges) was an extraordinary magistrate during the Roman Kingdom and Republic. Initially, the interrex was appointed after the death of the king of Rome until the election of his successor, hence its name—a ruler "betwee ...

in 462; he triumphed over the Veientines and Sabines during his first consulship, but in his second, he was killed in recovering the capitol from

Appius Herdonius Appius Herdonius (died 460 BC) was a Sabine who led an uprising against Rome at the head of slaves and exiles. With his troops, he managed, in 460 BC, to seize the Capitoline Hill and Arx at night. According to Livy, Herdonius appeared from the t ...

. * Lucius Valerius P. f. P. n. Poplicola Potitus, opposed the

decemvirs The decemviri or decemvirs (Latin for "ten men") refer to official ten-man commissions established by the Roman Republic. The most important were those of the two decemvirates, formally the decemvirate with consular power for writing laws () w ...

, and was elected consul for the year 449 BC. He defeated the

Aequi 300px, Location of the Aequi (Equi) in central Italy, 5th century BC. The Aequi were an Italic tribe on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains to the east of Latium in central Italy who appear in the early history of ancient Rome. After a long stru ...

and the

Volsci The Volsci (, , ) were an Italic tribe, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. At the time they inhabited the partly hilly, partly marshy district of the south of Latium, bounded by the Aurunci and Samnites on the ...

, and when the

senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

refused him a triumph, the soldiers conferred that honour on him. * Lucius Valerius L. f. (P. n.) Poplicola, the father of Lucius Valerius Poplicola, the consular tribune. * Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n. Poplicola,

consular tribune A consular tribune was putatively a type of magistrate in the early Roman Republic. According to Roman tradition, colleges of consular tribunes held office throughout the fifth and fourth centuries BC during the so-called "Conflict of the Or ...

in 394, 389, 387, 383, and 380 BC, possibly the same Lucius Valerius who was to

Marcus Furius Camillus Marcus Furius Camillus (; possibly – ) was a Roman statesman and politician during the early Roman republic who is most famous for his capture of Veii and defence of Rome from Gallic sack after the Battle of the Allia. Modern scholars are dub ...

in 390 BC, although that was probably his cousin, Lucius Valerius Potitus. * Publius Valerius L. f. L. n. Poplicola, father of the consul of 352 BC. * Marcus Valerius L. f. L. n. Poplicola, served as in 358 BC, under the

dictator A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute Power (social and political), power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a polity. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to r ...

Gaius Sulpicius Peticus Gaius Sulpicius Peticus was a prominent 4th-century BC Roman politician and general who served as consul five times and as dictator once. Sulpicius was a member of the gens Sulpicia, a prominent patrician family which had attained the consular di ...

. He was consul in 355, and again 353, serving alongside Peticus on both occasions. * Publius Valerius P. f. L. n. Poplicola, consul in 352 BC; as

in 350 he commanded the reserves during the war against the

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ...

. He was appointed dictator in 344, in order to hold a religious festival in response to dreadful omens. He is probably the same man who was nominated by the dictator

Marcus Papirius Crassus Marcus, Markus, Márkus or Mărcuș may refer to: * Marcus (name), a masculine given name * Marcus (praenomen), a Roman personal name Places * Marcus, a main belt asteroid, also known as (369088) Marcus 2008 GG44 * Mărcuş, a village in Dobârl ...

in 332.Broughton, vol. I, pp. 125, 128.

Valerii Potiti

* Marcus Valerius Vol. f. Volusus, the brother of Poplicola, was one of the Roman commanders against Lars Porsenna in 508 BC. As consul in 505 BC, he and his colleague triumphed over the Sabines. He was one of the ambassadors to the

Latin League The Latin League ( – 338 BC)Stearns, Peter N. (2001). ''The Encyclopedia of World History''. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 76–78. . was an ancient confederation of about 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium near the ancient city of Rome, o ...

in 501, and fell at the Battle of Lake Regillus, in 499. * Lucius Valerius M. f. Vol. n. Potitus, one of the

quaestor A quaestor ( , ; ; "investigator") was a public official in ancient Rome. There were various types of quaestors, with the title used to describe greatly different offices at different times. In the Roman Republic, quaestors were elected officia ...

s who prosecuted Spurius Cassius Vecellinus in 485 BC. He was consul in 483 and 470 BC, and fought against the

during his second consulship. He was in 464. * Volesus Valerius Potitus, the grandfather of Gaius Valerius Potitus Volusus, consular tribune three times from 415 to 404 BC, according to the

. Münzer suggests that his praenomen should be ''Publius''.Münzer, ''De Gente Valeria'', p. 36.Broughton, vol. I, p. 74 (note 1). * Publius Valerius Potitus, the grandfather of Lucius Valerius Potitus, consular tribune five times from 414 to 398 BC, may be the same person as Volesus Valerius Potitus. * Lucius Valerius Vol. f. Potitus, the father of Gaius Valerius Potitus Volusus, and perhaps also of his contemporary, Lucius Valerius Potitus. * Lucius Valerius P. f. Potitus, the father of Lucius Valerius Potitus, twice consul and five times consular tribune, and perhaps also of Gaius Valerius Potitus Volusus. * Gaius Valerius L. f. Vol. n. Potitus Volusus, consular tribune in 415, 407, and 404 BC, and consul in 410. As consul, he opposed the agrarian law of Marcus Maenius, and recovered the Arx Carventana from the Volsci, in consequence of which he was granted an

ovation The ovation ( from ''ovare'': to rejoice) was a lesser form of the Roman triumph. Ovations were granted when war was not declared between enemies on the level of nations or states; when an enemy was considered basely inferior (e.g., slaves, pira ...

. * Lucius Valerius L. f. P. n. Potitus, consular tribune in 414, 406, 403, 401, and 398 BC, and consul in 393 and 392; triumphed over the Aequi. Interrex for the purpose of holding the comitia in 392, and under the dictator

in 390, the year in which Rome was taken by the Gauls. * Publius Valerius L. f. L. n. Potitus Poplicola, consular tribune in 386, 384, 380, 377, 370, and 367 BC. * Gaius Valerius (C. f. L. n.) Potitus, consular tribune in 370 BC. * Gaius Valerius L. f. L. n. Potitus Flaccus, consul in 331 BC. He is probably the progenitor of the Valerii Flacci.Livy, viii. 18. * Lucius Valerius (L. f. L. n.) Potitus, in 331 BC.

Valerii Maximi

* Manius Valerius Vol. f. Volusus Maximus, dictator in 494 BC, he promised to alleviate the conditions of the debtors if the people would serve in the war against the Sabines and the Aequi. After triumphing over the enemy, Valerius was prevented from fulfilling his promise, and resigned the dictatorship, but was honoured by the people. * Marcus Valerius M'. f. Vol. n. Maximus Lactuca, quaestor in 458 BC, prosecuted the accusers of

Caeso Quinctius Caeso Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus was a son of the Roman dictator Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus. His trial for obstructing the tribunes of the plebs in 461 BC was one of the key events in the Conflict of the Orders in the years leading up to ...

. As consul in 456 BC, he opposed the plan of

Lucius Icilius Lucius Icilius was a Tribune of the Plebs in 456, 455 and 449 BC. In 456, he passed the ''lex de Aventino publicando'', which gave the Aventine Hill to the plebs. A few years later, around 451 BC, he was betrothed to one Verginia Verginia, or ...

, one of the

tribunes of the plebs Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune () was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power of the Roman Senate ...

, to assign the

Aventine Hill The Aventine Hill (; ; ) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built. It belongs to Ripa, the modern twelfth ''rione'', or ward, of Rome. Location and boundaries The Aventine Hill is the southernmost of Rome's seven hills. I ...

to the commons. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M'. n. Lactucinus Maximus, consul in 437 BC. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Lactucinus Maximus, consular tribune in 398 and 395 BC. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Maximus Corvus, afterward surnamed ''Calenus'', was consul in 348, 346, 343, 335, 300, and 299, dictator in 342 and 301, and interrex in 332 and 320 BC; triumphed over the Volsci in 346, the Samnites in 343,

Cales Cales was an ancient city of Campania, in today's ''comune'' of Calvi Risorta in southern Italy, belonging originally to the Aurunci/ Ausoni, on the Via Latina. The Romans captured it in 335 BC and established a colony with Latin rights of ...

in 335, and the

Etruscans The Etruscan civilization ( ) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in List of ancient peoples of Italy, ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation of city-states. Af ...

in 301. He was elected consul at twenty-three, and lived to the age of one hundred, filling the curule chair twenty-one times.Gellius, ix. 11. * Marcus Valerius M. f. Maximus, father of the consul of 312 BC. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Maximus, consul in 312 and 289 BC, triumphed over the

Samnites The Samnites () were an ancient Italic peoples, Italic people who lived in Samnium, which is located in modern inland Abruzzo, Molise, and Campania in south-central Italy. An Oscan language, Oscan-speaking Osci, people, who originated as an offsh ...

. He was censor in 307, and extended or improved the roads through the demesne lands. * Marcus Valerius Maximus Potitus, consul in 286 BC. He was occupied by the agitation attending the Hortensian laws. * Marcus (or Publius?) Valerius Maximus, one of the most important Roman scholars and antiquarians, and compiler of historical anecdotes, flourished during the early part of the first century.

Valerii Laevini

* Manius Valerius Laevinus, said to have numbered among a group of former military tribunes who were burned alive near the

in 485 BC, by the tribune of the plebs Publius Mucius Scaevola, allegedly for having conspired with Spurius Cassius Vecellinus. *

Publius Valerius Laevinus Publius Valerius Laevinus was commander of the Roman forces at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC, in which he was defeated by Pyrrhus of Epirus. In his '' Life of Pyrrhus'', Plutarch wrote that Gaius Fabricius Luscinus said of this battle that it ...

, consul in 280 BC, during the war with Pyrrhus. Although defeated by Pyrrhus, he escaped with much of his army intact, defended

Capua Capua ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Caserta, in the region of Campania, southern Italy, located on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. History Ancient era The name of Capua comes from the Etruscan ''Capeva''. The ...

, and successfully harried the

Epirote Epirus () is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania. It lies between the Pindus Mountains and the Ionian Sea, stretching from the Bay of Vlorë and the Acroceraunian Mountains in ...

army. * Publius Valerius P. f. Laevinus, father of Marcus Valerius Laevinus, consul in 220 and 210 BC. * Marcus Valerius P. f. P. n. Laevinus, elected consul in 220 BC, but probably resigned together with his colleague due to a fault in the elections. He was praetor ''peregrinus'' in 215, and afterward

propraetor In ancient Rome, a promagistrate () was a person who was granted the power via '' prorogation'' to act in place of an ordinary magistrate in the field. This was normally ''pro consule'' or ''pro praetore'', that is, in place of a consul or praet ...

for several years, and consul for the second time in 210. He led a number of successful campaigns against Hannibal's allies during the Second Punic War, recovering much territory. * Marcus Valerius M. f. P. n. Laevinus, son of Marcus Valerius Laevinus, consul in 220 and 210 BC. Together with his brother, Publius, he staged funeral games to commemorate the death of their father in 200. Might be the same person as Marcus Valerius Laevinus, praetor in 182 BC. * Publius Valerius M. f. P. n. Laevinus, along with his brother Marcus, staged funeral games in 200 BC to commemorate the death of their father, Marcus Valerius Laevinus, consul in 220 and 210 BC. * Marcus Valerius Laevinus, praetor ''peregrinus'' in 182 BC. * Gaius Valerius M. f. P. n. Laevinus, half-brother of Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, consul in 189 BC, whom he accompanied to Greece. He was praetor in 179, with Sardinia as his province. Consul in 176 BC, he fought against the

Ligures The Ligures or Ligurians were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day Northern Italy, north-western Italy, is named. Because of the strong Celts, Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were also known in anti ...

, and received a triumph the following year. He afterward served on ambassadorial missions to Greece and Egypt. * Publius Valerius C. f. M. n. Laevinus, praetor in 177 BC, was assigned a portion of

Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gaul (, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the name given, especially during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, to a region of land inhabited by Celts (Gauls), corresponding to what is now most of northern Italy. Afte ...

Valerii Flacci

* Lucius Valerius Flaccus, under the dictator Marcus Aemilius Papus, 321 BC. * Marcus Valerius L. f. Flaccus, father of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, the consul of 261 BC. * Lucius Valerius M. f. L. n. Flaccus, consul in 261 BC, during the First Punic War. He fought against the Carthaginians in Sicily, but made little progress.Broughton, vol. I, p. 204. * Publius Valerius L. f. M. n. Flaccus, consul in 227 BC. During his year of office, the number of praetors was increased from two to four. In 219, he was one of the ambassadors sent to the Carthaginians to threaten war in response to the attack on

Saguntum Sagunto () is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Valencia, Valencian Community. It belongs to the modern fertile '' comarca'' of Camp de Morvedre. It is located approximately north of the city of Valencia, close to the Costa ...

. He held several important commands during the early years of the Second Punic War. * Lucius Valerius P. f. L. n. Flaccus, as a military tribune in 212 BC, led a daring attack on the camp of the Carthaginian general

Hanno Hanno may refer to: People * Hanno (given name) :* Hanunu (8th century BC), Philistine king previously rendered by scholars as "Hanno" *Hanno (, ; , ''Hannōn''), common Carthaginian name :* Hanno the Navigator, Carthaginian explorer :* Hann ...

near Beneventum. He was consul in 195, and won important victories over the Gauls in that and the following year. In 184 he became , and served as censor with

Cato the Elder Marcus Porcius Cato (, ; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor (), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, Roman Senate, senator, and Roman historiography, historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He wa ...

. * Gaius Valerius P. f. L. n. Flaccus, a young man of poor character, was named

Flamen Dialis In ancient Roman religion, the was the high priest of Jupiter. The term ''Dialis'' is related to ''Diespiter'', an Old Latin form of the name ''Jupiter''. There were 15 '' flamines'', of whom three were ''flamines maiores'', serving the thr ...

by the Pontifex Maximus in 209 BC, and to general astonishment proved himself worthy of the responsibility. He was curule aedile in 199, but as Flamen Dialis he could not take the oath of office. His brother, Lucius, took the oath for him. He was praetor in 183, and in that capacity, introduced a Gallic embassy to the Senate. * Lucius Valerius L. f. P. n. Flaccus, consul in 152 BC, died during his year of office. * Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n. Flaccus,

Flamen Martialis In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Martialis was the high priest of the official state cult of Mars, the god of war. He was one of the '' flamines maiores'', the three high priests who were the most important of the fifteen flamens. The Flamen ...

, and consul in 131 BC. His colleague, Publius Licinius Crassus, was also Pontifex Maximus, and forbade Flaccus from taking the conduct of the war against Aristonicus, imposing a fine for Flaccus' attempted desertion of his religious office. Although compelled to remain at Rome, the fine was remitted by public vote. * Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n. Flaccus, consul in 100 BC, with

Gaius Marius Gaius Marius (; – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbrian War, Cimbric and Jugurthine War, Jugurthine wars, he held the office of Roman consul, consul an unprecedented seven times. Rising from a fami ...

, acted to quell the unrest caused by

Saturninus Saturninus may refer to: * Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (died 100 BC), tribune, legislator * Gaius Sentius Saturninus, consul 19 BC, military officer, governor * Marcus Aponius Saturninus (1st century AD), governor of Moesia, and partisan of first ...

and

Glaucia In Greek mythology, Glaucia (Ancient Greek: Γλαυκία) was a daughter of the Trojan river god Scamander. Mythology When Heracles went to war against Troy, Deimachus, a Boeotian, one of the companions of Heracles, fell in love with Glaucia. ...

. He was censor in 97, and by 86; in 82 he proposed the appointing Sulla dictator, and in turn was nominated , holding the post until Sulla's resignation in 79. He was ''Flamen Martialis'' before 69. * Gaius Valerius C. f. L. n. Flaccus, consul in 93 BC, and afterwards proconsul of

Hispania Citerior Hispania Citerior (English: "Hither Iberia", or "Nearer Iberia") was a Roman province in Hispania during the Roman Republic. It was on the eastern coast of Iberia down to the town of Cartago Nova, today's Cartagena in the autonomous community of ...

, where he put down a revolt by the

Celtiberi The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BC. They were explicitly mentioned as being Celts by several classic authors (e.g. Strabo) ...

. Later he held a command in Gallia Narbonensis, probably also as proconsul, and celebrated a triumph for his victories in 81. * Lucius Valerius C. f. L. n. Flaccus, as curule aedile in 99 BC, was accused by Decianus, one of the tribunes of the plebs. In 86, he was appointed consul in the place of

, who died shortly after entering his seventh consulship. Sent against

Mithridates Mithridates or Mithradates (Old Persian 𐎷𐎡𐎰𐎼𐎭𐎠𐎫 ''Miθradāta'') is the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic form of an Iranian languages, Iranian theophoric name, meaning "given by Mithra". Its Modern Persian form is Mehrdad. It ...

in the east, Flaccus was betrayed and murdered by

Gaius Flavius Fimbria Gaius Flavius or Gaius Flavius Fimbria may refer to: * Gaius Flavius Fimbria (cavalry prefect) Gaius Flavius Fimbria (c. 115 – 85 BC) was a Roman general. Born to a recently distinguished senatorial family, he became one of the most violent a ...

. * Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n. Flaccus (son of Lucius Valerius Flaccus), praetor in 63 BC, he assisted his colleague, Gaius Pomptinus, in arresting the envoys of the

Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish language, Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; ) were a Gauls, Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman period. The Allob ...

. He then served as propraetor in Asia, and was accused of extortion in 59. Despite his probable guilt, he was successfully defended by Cicero in his oration, ''Pro Flacco''. * Gaius Valerius L. f. Flaccus, a friend of Appius Claudius Pulcher. Cicero met him in

Cilicia Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region inclu ...

in 51 BC. * Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n. Flaccus, son of the praetor defended by Cicero, was brought before the court as an appeal to the judges' pity. During the

Civil War A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.J ...

, he fought on the side of

Pompeius Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey ( ) or Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and statesman who was prominent in the last decades of the Roman Republic. ...

, and was killed at Dyrrachium in 48 BC. * Lucius Valerius (L. f. L. n.) Flaccus,

in the time of Cicero, whose brother,

, heard him give an account of a marvelous occurrence.

Joseph Hilarius Eckhel Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (13 January 1737 – 16 May 1798) was an Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist. Biography Eckhel was born at Enzersfeld, in Lower Austria. His father was farm-steward to Count Zinzendorf, and he received his early educa ...

believed that he was the same Flaccus whom Cicero defended, which seems likely, as he would have inherited the priesthood from his father, the consul of 100 BC. * Publius (Valerius) Flaccus, successfully accused Marcus Papirius Carbo of extortion while as governor of Sicily. *

Gaius Valerius Flaccus Gaius Valerius Flaccus (; died ) was a 1st-century Roman poet who flourished during the "Silver Age" under the Flavian dynasty, and wrote a Latin ''Argonautica'' that owes a great deal to Apollonius of Rhodes' more famous epic.Argonauts The Argonauts ( ; ) were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War (around 1300 BC) accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, ''Argo'', named after it ...

in eight books. * Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul in AD 128, serving from the Kalends of July to the Kalends of September.

Valerii Messallae

* Manius Valerius M. f. M. n. Corvinus Messalla, consul in 263 BC, the second year of the

. Campaigning in

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

, he and his colleague, Manius Otacilius Crassus, concluded a treaty with

Hiero Hiero or hieron (; , "holy place" or "sacred place") is an ancient Greek shrine, Ancient Greek temple, temple, or temenos, temple precinct. Hiero may also refer to: People * Hiero I of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily from 478 to 467 BC * ...

. He was granted a triumph, and earned the cognomen ''Messalla'' by relieving

from naval blockade. He was censor in 252. * Marcus Valerius M'. f. M. n. Maximus Messala, consul in 226 BC, organized the allies in preparation for an anticipated invasion of Italy by the Gauls. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M'. Messalla, prefect of the fleet in Sicily in 210 BC, the ninth year of the Second Punic War, carried out a successful raid on the countryside around Utica. He was nominated dictator, but his appointment was annulled. Messalla was praetor in 194, and consul in 188 BC. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla, consul in 161 BC, the year in which the senate prohibited the residence of Greek rhetoricians at Rome. Although previously degraded by the censors, Messalla himself held the censorship in 154. * Manius Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla, the great-grandfather of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger, consul in 61 BC. * Marcus Valerius M'. f. M. n. Messalla, grandfather of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger. Either he or his brother, Manius, was a legate of the consul Publius Rutilius Lupus in 90 BC, toward the beginning of the Social War. * Manius Valerius M' f. M. n. Messalla, uncle of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger, and father-in-law of

Sulla Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (, ; 138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman people, Roman general and statesman of the late Roman Republic. A great commander and ruthless politician, Sulla used violence to advance his career and his co ...

. * Marcus Valerius M'. f. M'. n. Messalla, father of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger. * Valeria M'. f. M. n., the fifth and last wife of Sulla, and mother of his daughter

Cornelia Postuma Cornelia Postuma or Postuma Cornelia (born 78 or 77 BC) was the only daughter of Roman dictator Sulla and his fifth wife, Valeria Messalla. She was Sulla's fifth and final known child. Life Postuma was delivered some months after Sulla's dea ...

.Münzer, ''De Gente Valeria'', p. 52 (no. 58). * Marcus Valerius M. f. M'. n. Messalla Niger, consul in 61 BC, was one of the prosecutors of

Publius Clodius Pulcher Publius Clodius Pulcher ( – 18 January 52 BC) was a Roman politician and demagogue. A noted opponent of Cicero, he was responsible during his plebeian tribunate in 58 BC for a massive expansion of the Roman grain dole as well as Cic ...

. He was censor in 55. Cicero describes Valerius as a capable orator. He married Hortensia, sister of the orator

Quintus Hortensius Quintus Hortensius Hortalus (114–50 BC) was a Roman lawyer, an orator and a statesman. Politically he belonged to the Optimates. He was consul in 69 BC alongside Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus. His nickname was ''Dionysia'', after a fam ...

. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla Rufus, consul in 53 BC. He was supported by Cicero, and opposed by

and the supporters of Publius Clodius Pulcher. In 47, he served under

Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war. He ...

during the

. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla Corvinus, a partisan of

Gaius Cassius Longinus Gaius Cassius Longinus (; – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspir ...

, he was proscribed by the triumvirs, but accepted terms from

Marcus Antonius Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the ...

after the death of

Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, which was reta ...

and Cassius. He later went over to

Octavian Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in ...

, and was appointed consul in place of Antonius in 31 BC. He distinguished himself at the

Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC in the Ionian Sea, near the former R ...

, and triumphed over the

Aquitani The Aquitani were a tribe that lived in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Garonne, in present-day southwestern France in the 1st century BC. The Romans dubbed this region '' Gallia Aquitania''. Classical authors suc ...

in 27. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla, consul in 32 BC. * Potitus Valerius M. f. Messalla, consul from the Kalends of October in 29 BC. He was subsequently proconsul of

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, and later governor of

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

.''Fasti Magistrorum Vici'', , 10287; ''AE'', 1937, 62; 1938, 66; 2002, 206. * Marcus Valerius Messalla M. f. M. n. Barbatus, surnamed ''Appianus'', consul in 12 BC, died during his year of office. He was probably the grandfather of the empress Messalina. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messallinus, consul in 3 BC. * Lucius Valerius Potiti f. M. n. Messalla Volesus, consul in AD 5. Subsequently, while proconsul of Asia, he behaved with extreme cruelty, for which he was condemned by the emperor and the Senate. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla Barbatus, consul in AD 20, had proposed that the oath of loyalty given by the senate to the emperor be repeated annually. He was the first husband of

Domitia Lepida Domitia Lepida (c. 5 BC – AD 54) was a Roman aristocrat, related to the imperial family. She was mother of Valeria Messalina, wife of the Emperor Claudius. Lepida was a beautiful and influential figure. Like her sister, she was also very wealt ...

.''

Fasti Ostienses The ''Fasti Ostienses'' are a calendar of Roman magistrates and significant events from 49 BC to AD 175, found at Ostia, the principal seaport of Rome. Together with similar inscriptions, such as the ''Fasti Capitolini'' and ''Fasti Triumphale ...

'', , 245, 4531–4546, 5354, 5355, ''AE'', 1917/18, 122; 1922, 94; 1924, 111. * Valeria M. f. M. n. Messalina, third wife of the emperor

Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), or Claudius, was a Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusus and Ant ...

. She was infamous for her intrigues, which brought about the downfall of many members of the imperial aristocracy. At last the emperor was persuaded that her open betrayal of his trust foreboded a plot against him, and she was put to death. * Marcus Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla Corvinus, consul in AD 58. Although a great-grandson of Corvinus, the consul of 31 BC, his family fortune had since been lost, and so he was granted an allowance from the treasury. * Lucius Valerius (L. f.) Messalla Thrasea Priscus, a man of great wisdom, was consul in AD 196, and slain by

Caracalla Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Lucius Septimius Bassianus, 4 April 188 – 8 April 217), better known by his nickname Caracalla (; ), was Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD, first serving as nominal co-emperor under his father and then r ...

in 212. Perhaps the progenitor of the third century consular family of the Valerii, he may in fact have been a son of Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola Messalla, who discarded his original nomen in order to emphasize his descent from the Valerii through a female line. * Lucius Valerius (L. f. L. n.) Messalla, possibly surnamed ''Apollinaris'', consul in AD 214, and perhaps proconsul of Africa about 236 to 238. * Lucius Valerius (L. f. L. n.) Maximus Acilius Priscillianus, consul in AD 233, and afterward curator of the banks of the Tiber. He was involved in the senatorial revolt against the emperor

Maximinus Thrax Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus "Thrax" () was a Roman emperor from 235 to 238. Born of Thracian origin – given the nickname ''Thrax'' ("the Thracian") – he rose up through the military ranks, ultimately holding high command in the army of th ...

in 238. About 255 he was ''praefectus urbi'', and in 256 he was consul for the second time. * Lucius Valerius L. f. (L. n.) Poplicola Balbinus Maximus, consul in AD 253. He held a number of minor offices, but does not seem to have governed a province. * (Lucius Valerius L. f. L. n.) Messalla, consul in AD 280. *

Valerius Maximus signo Basilius Valerius Maximus Basilius ( 319–323) was a prominent Roman senator during the reign of the emperor Constantine I. Life A pagan, he must have had a successful political career, as he managed to be appointed urban prefect of Rome (), serving from ...

, of Rome from AD 319 to 323. * Saint Melania the Elder ca. 350-417, married to Valerius Maximus signo Basilius *

Valerius Maximus Valerius Maximus () was a 1st-century Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: ' ("Nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' or ''Facta et dicta memorabilia''). He worke ...

, consul in AD 327 and

praetorian prefect The praetorian prefect (; ) was a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief ai ...

under the emperor Constantine, and probably son of Valerius Maximus signo Basilius. * Valerius Publicola, (c. 350 AD) son of

Melania the Elder Melania the Elder, Latin Melania Maior (c. 350 – before 410Clark, Elizabeth A. (1999)"Melania, Elder" in ''Augustine Through the Ages: an Encyclopedia''. Allan Fitzgerald, John C. Cavadini (eds.), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 552. . or c. 41 ...

and Valerius Maximus signo Basilius, and father of

Melania the Younger Melania the Younger ( 383 – 31 December 439) is a Christianity, Christian saint, Desert Mother, and ascetic who lived during the reign of Emperor Flavius Augustus Honorius, Honorius, son of Theodosius I. She is the paternal granddaughter of M ...

* Saint Melania the Younger 383-439

Valerii Faltones

* Publius Valerius, grandfather of Quintus and Publius Valerius Falto, the consuls of 239 and 238 BC. * Quintus Valerius P. f. (Falto), father of the consuls Quintus and Publius Valerius Falto. * Quintus Valerius Q. f. P. n. Falto, consul in 239 BC; as the first praetor ''peregrinus'' in 242, commanded the Roman fleet at the

Battle of the Aegates The Battle of the Aegates was a naval battle fought on 10 March 241 BC between the fleets of Carthage (state), Carthage and Roman Republic, Rome during the First Punic War. It took place among the Aegates Islands, off the western coast of the ...

, and triumphed over the Carthaginians. * Publius Valerius Q. f. P. n. Falto, consul in 238 BC, he suffered a defeat at the hands of the

Boii The Boii (Latin language, Latin plural, singular ''Boius''; ) were a Celts, Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul (present-day Northern Italy), Pannonia (present-day Austria and Hungary), present-day Ba ...

and Ligures, but counterattacked and routed them. He was refused a triumph in consequence of his earlier defeat, and because his counterattack before reinforcements could arrive was considered rash. * Marcus Valerius Falto, one of the senatorial envoys sent to

Attalus I Attalus I ( ), surnamed ''Soter'' (, ; 269–197 BC), was the ruler of the Greek polis of Pergamon (modern-day Bergama, Turkey) and the larger Pergamene Kingdom from 241 BC to 197 BC. He was the adopted son of King Eumenes I ...

Pergamon Pergamon or Pergamum ( or ; ), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (), was a rich and powerful ancient Greece, ancient Greek city in Aeolis. It is located from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north s ...

in 205 BC. As curule aedile in 203, he and his colleague secured a large supply of Spanish grain, which they were able to sell to the poor for one

sestertius The ''sestertius'' (: ''sestertii'') or sesterce (: sesterces) was an Ancient Rome, ancient Roman Roman currency, coin. During the Roman Republic it was a small, silver coin issued only on rare occasions. During the Roman Empire it was a large ...

per bushel. He was praetor in 201, with

Bruttium 01 or 01 may refer to: * The year 2001, or any year ending with 01 * The month of January * 1 (number) Music * ''01'' (Richard Müller album), 2001 * ''01'' (Urban Zakapa album), 2011 * ''01011001'', the seventh studio album from Arjen Anthony L ...

as his province.

Valerii Tappones

* Lucius Valerius Tappo, tribune of the plebs in 195 BC, opposed the repeal of the

Lex Oppia The ''Lex Oppia'' was a law established in ancient Rome in 215 BC, at the height of the Second Punic War during the days of national catastrophe after the Battle of Cannae, Lewis, Naphtali, and Meyer Reinhold, eds. Roman Civilization: Selected Rea ...

with Cato the Censor. He was praetor in 192, he obtained Sicily as his province. In 190 he was one of the triumvirs for settling new colonists at Placentia and Cremona. * Gaius Valerius Tappo, tribune of the plebs in 188 BC, proposed that the franchise be extended to the

Formia Formia (ancient Formiae) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Latina, on the Mediterranean , Italy. It is located halfway between Rome and Naples, and lies on the Roman-era Appian Way. Mythology According to the mythology the city was f ...

ni, Fundani, and Arpinates.

Valerii Triarii

* Lucius Valerius Triarius, perhaps the same person as Gaius Valerius Triarius, the legate of

Lucullus Lucius Licinius Lucullus (; 118–57/56 BC) was a Ancient Romans, Roman List of Roman generals, general and Politician, statesman, closely connected with Lucius Cornelius Sulla. In culmination of over 20 years of almost continuous military and ...

. * Gaius Valerius Triarius, praetor ''circa'' 78 BC, and propraetor in Sardinia in 77, subsequently served as a legate under Lucullus in the war against Mithridates. In 68 and 67, he put Mithridates on the defensive, but overextended himself, and was attacked at a disadvantage. His forces were utterly defeated with great loss of life, and Triarius was only saved by the arrival of Lucullus. * Publius Valerius C. f. Triarius, in 54 BC accused Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, first of ''repetundae'' (extortion) and then of ''ambitus'' (bribery). Cicero defended Scaurus on both occasions. * Gaius Valerius (C. f.) Triarius, a friend of Cicero, and a supporter of Pompeius during the Civil War. At the

Battle of Pharsalus The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in Central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey. ...

in 48 BC, Pompeius, acting on Triarius' advice, ordered his troops to stand fast against Caesar's charge. Triarius apparently died during the war, leaving Cicero as the guardian of his children. * Valeria (C. f.) Paula, sister of Cicero's friend Gaius Valerius Triarius, was divorced in 50 BC, and subsequently married

Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (27 April 81 BC – September 43 BC) was a Ancient Rome, Roman general and politician of the crisis of the Roman Republic, late republican period and one of the leading instigators of Julius Caesar's Assassination ...

Valerii Catulli

Gaius Valerius Catullus Gaius Valerius Catullus (; ), known as Catullus (), was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic. His surviving works remain widely read due to their popularity as teaching tools and because of their personal or sexual themes. Life ...

, the poet, flourished during the middle of the first century BC. * Lucius Valerius Catullus, a in the time of Augustus. * Lucius Valerius L. f. Catullus, was adopted by Sextus Tedius, becoming ''Sextus Tedius Valerius Catullus''. He was consul in AD 31, serving from the seventh day before the Ides of May to the Kalends of July.Salomies, ''Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature'', p. 26. * Lucius Valerius Catullus Messalinus, consul in AD 73, together with the future emperor Domitian. He was governor of

Crete and Cyrenaica Crete and Cyrenaica (, ) was a senatorial province of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire, established in 67 BC, which included the island of Crete and the region of Cyrenaica in modern-day Libya. These areas were settled by Greek colon ...

, but recalled due to his mistreatment of the Libyan Jews. He was a notorious

delator Delator (plural: ''delatores'', feminine: ''delatrix'') is Latin for a denouncer, one who indicates to a court another as having committed a punishable deed. Secular Roman law In Roman history, it was properly one who gave notice (''deferre' ...

during the reign of Domitian, and consul from the kalends of March to the kalends of May in 85.

Valerii Asiatici

Decimus Valerius Asiaticus Decimus Valerius Asiaticus (around 5 BCP.J. Sijpesteijn"Another οὐσία of Decimus Valerius Asiaticus in Egypt" ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', 79 (1989), p. 19347 AD,Alston, ''Aspects of Roman History AD 14-117'', p. 92 ) wa ...

, consul in AD 35, serving from the kalends of July. Suspected of

's murder, he avoided the retribution of the praetorian guard by boldly proclaiming that he wished he had slain the emperor. He was consul in 46, serving until the kalends of March. The following year he fell victim to the intrigues of the empress Messalina. * Decimus Valerius D. f. Asiaticus, governor of

Gallia Belgica Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and German ...

during the reign of Nero. He married a daughter of

Vitellius Aulus Vitellius ( ; ; 24 September 1520 December 69) was Roman emperor for eight months, from 19 April to 20 December AD 69. Vitellius became emperor following the quick succession of the previous emperors Galba and Otho, in a year of civil wa ...

, and was designated consul for AD 70 under

Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolida ...

, but died before taking office.''PIR'', vol. III, p. 353. * Marcus Lollius Paullinus Decimus Valerius D. f. D. n. Asiaticus Saturninus, grandson of the emperor Vitellius, was consul in AD 94, serving from the kalends of May to the kalends of August. He was proconsul of Asia from 108 to 109, and from 124 to 134, holding the consulship for a second time in AD 125. * Decimus Valerius M. f. D. n. Taurus Catullus Messallinus Asiaticus, was a member of the

Arval Brethren In ancient Roman religion, the Arval Brethren (, "Brothers of the Fields") or Arval Brothers were a body of priests who offered annual sacrifices to the Lares and gods to guarantee good harvests. Inscriptions provide evidence of their oaths, r ...

. * Quintus Valerius Asiaticus, mentioned in a libationary inscription from

Liguria Liguria (; ; , ) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is roughly coextensive with ...

Others

* Valerius of Ostia, an architect, who designed the covered theatre built for the games of Libo (probably the Lucius Scribonius Libo who, while curule aedile in 193 BC, celebrated the

Megalesia The Megalesia, Megalensia, or Megalenses Ludi was a festival celebrated in ancient Rome from April 4 to April 10, in honour of Cybele, whom the Romans called ''Magna Mater'' ("Great Mother"). The name of the festival derives from Greek ''megalē' ...

). * Marcus Valerius M. f. Artema, an architect, mentioned in an extant inscription.Rochette, ''Lettre à M. Schorn'', p. 422, 2nd ed. * Decimus Valerius L. f., a , or maker of bronze vases, from

Tusculum Tusculum is a ruined Classical Rome, Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable dist ...

. *

Valerius Aedituus Valerius Aedituus was a Roman poet of the 1st century BCE. He is known for his epigrams; otherwise there is very little information, what there is being in the form of literary references.From : ''In the ninth chapter of the nineteenth book of the ' ...

, a Roman poet, who probably lived about 100 BC. Two epigrams quoted in the ''Noctes Atticae'' of

Aulus Gellius Aulus Gellius (c. 125after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his ''Attic Nights'', a commonplace book, ...

are attributed to him. * Gaius Valerius Caburnus, a Gaul who was granted

Roman citizenship Citizenship in ancient Rome () was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cu ...

by Gaius Valerius Flaccus, the consul of 93 BC. He was the father of Gaius Valerius Procillus. *

Quintus Valerius Soranus Quintus Valerius Soranus (born between c. 140–130 BC, died 82 BC) was a Latin poet, grammarian, and tribune of the people in the Late Roman Republic. He was executed in 82 BC while Sulla was dictator, ostensibly for violating a religious prohib ...

, an orator, scholar, and poet, much admired by Cicero; he had been tribune of the plebs, but the year is uncertain. He was put to death in 82 BC, ostensibly for revealing the sacred name of Rome, but more probably because he was proscribed by Sulla as a partisan of Marius. * Valerius Nepos, one of

Milo Milo may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Milo (magazine), ''Milo'' (magazine), a strength sports magazine * ''Milo: Sticky Notes and Brain Freeze'', a 2011 children's novel by Alan Silberberg * Milo (video game), ''Milo'' (video game) * Milo ( ...

's accusers. *

Lucius Valerius Antias Lucius Valerias Antias () was a commander of ancient Rome. He was sent by Publius Valerius Flaccus with five ships in 215 BCE to convey to Rome the Carthaginian ambassadors, who had been captured by the Romans on their way to Philip V of Macedon. ...

, sent with five ships by Publius Valerius Flaccus in 215 BC, during the Second Punic War, to convey the Carthaginian ambassadors to Rome. *

Valerius Antias Valerius Antias ( century BC) was an ancient Roman annalist whom Livy mentions as a source. No complete works of his survive but from the sixty-five fragments said to be his in the works of other authors it has been deduced that he wrote a chron ...

, the

annalist Annalists (from Latin ''annus'', year; hence ''annales'', sc. ''libri'', annual records), were a class of writers on Roman history, the period of whose literary activity lasted from the time of the Second Punic War to that of Sulla. They wrote t ...

, lived during the first century BC. *

Publius Valerius Cato Publius Valerius Cato (flourished 1st century BC) was a grammarian and poet of the Roman Republic. He was a leader of the Neoteric movement, whose followers rejected national epic and drama in favor of the artificial mythological epics and elegies ...

, a scholar and poet who lived during the first century BC. *

Quintus Valerius Orca Quintus Valerius Orca (''fl.'' 50s–40s BC) was a Roman praetor, a governor of the Roman province of Africa, and a commanding officer under Julius Caesar in the civil war against Pompeius Magnus and the senatorial elite. The main sources for Orca's ...

, praetor in 57 BC, and subsequently proconsul of Africa. He served under Caesar during the Civil War. * Lucius Valerius Praeconinus, a legate under Caesar's command, who was defeated and slain by the

in 57 BC. * Gaius Valerius C. f. Procillus, a Gallic chief who became one of the friends and allies of Caesar during his conquest of

. He served as Caesar's interpreter and emissary, and was rescued by Caesar after being captured by

Ariovistus Ariovistus was a leader of the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the second quarter of the 1st century BC, who name appears prominently in Julius Caesar's '' Commentarii de Bello Gallico''. Before their conflict with the Romans, Ariovis ...

, to whom he had been dispatched as an ambassador.Caesar, ''De Bello Gallico'', i. 19, 47, 53. * Valerius Valentinus, accused Gaius Cosconius, probably of extortion in his province. Cosconius was apparently guilty, but his acquittal was secured when a bawdy poem by Valentinus was read in court. * Lucius Valerius Acisculus,

triumvir monetalis The ''triumvir monetalis'' ( ''tresviri'' or ''triumviri monetales'', also called the , abbreviated IIIVIR A. A. A. F. F.) was a moneyer during the Roman Republic and the Empire, who oversaw the minting of coins. In that role, he would be respon ...

in 45 BC. * Valerius Ligur, praetorian prefect in the time of Augustus. * Valerius Largus, earned the ire of Augustus by accusing

Gaius Cornelius Gallus Gaius Cornelius Gallus (c. 70 – 26 BC) was a Roman poet, orator, politician and military commander, at one time appointed by the Emperor Augustus as prefect of Egypt. Only nine lines of his poetry are extant today, but he was much read in antiq ...

. *

Valerius Gratus Valerius Gratus was the 4th Roman Prefect of Judaea province under Tiberius from 15 to 26 AD. History He succeeded Annius Rufus in 15 and was replaced by Pontius Pilate in 26. The government of Gratus is chiefly remarkable for the frequent chang ...

, as

procurator Procurator (with procuracy or procuratorate referring to the office itself) may refer to: * Procurator, one engaged in procuration, the action of taking care of, hence management, stewardship, agency * Procurator (Ancient Rome), the title of var ...

Judaea Judea or Judaea (; ; , ; ) is a mountainous region of the Levant. Traditionally dominated by the city of Jerusalem, it is now part of Palestine and Israel. The name's usage is historic, having been used in antiquity and still into the prese ...

from AD 15 to 27, fought to deliver the country from robbers, assisted the proconsul Quinctilius Varus in putting down a revolt, and appointed several successive high priests, of whom the last was

Caiaphas Joseph ben Caiaphas (; c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD) was the High Priest of Israel during the first century. In the New Testament, the Gospels of Gospel of Matthew, Matthew, Gospel of Luke, Luke and Gospel of John, John indicate he was an organizer of ...

. He was followed by

Pontius Pilate Pontius Pilate (; ) was the Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135), fifth governor of the Judaea (Roman province), Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 AD. He is best known for being the official wh ...

. * Valerius Naso, a former praetor, who was appointed to oversee the construction of a temple in honour of

Smyrna Smyrna ( ; , or ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek city located at a strategic point on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, Turkey. Due to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence, and its good inland connections, Smyrna ...

in AD 26. * Valerius Capito, had been banished by

Agrippina the Younger Julia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 – 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina the Younger, was Roman empress from AD 49 to 54, the fourth wife and niece of emperor Claudius, and the mother of Nero. Agrippina was one of the most prominent ...

, but after her death,

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his ...

recalled him. * Valerius Ponticus, banished in AD 61. * Valerius Fabianus, a man of senatorial rank, was degraded in AD 62 by the , after forging a will purportedly belonging to a wealthy relative, Domitius Balbus, in order to claim the latter's fortune. *

Marcus Valerius Probus Marcus Valerius Probus, sometimes called Berytius or Probus the Berytian (c. 20/30 – 105 AD), was a Roman grammarian and critic, who flourished during Nero's reign. He was a student rather than a teacher, and devoted himself to the criticism ...

, a grammarian who flourished from the time of Nero to the end of the first century. He was quite learned, but published little of importance, and seldom took pupils. * Valerius Marinus, announced as consul designate by

Galba Galba ( ; born Servius Sulpicius Galba; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January AD 69) was Roman emperor, ruling for 7 months from 8 June AD 68 to 15 January 69. He was the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors and assumed the throne follow ...

in AD 69, he never took office, as Vitellius succeeded to the empire first. * Marcus Valerius Paulinus, a friend and early ally of Vespasian, who had been appointed procurator of

Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first ...

in AD 69. He served in the Jewish War, and is said to have been consul in AD 101, early in the reign of Trajan. *

Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus was a Roman senator, general, and ''amicus'' to each of the Flavian emperors. He proved his value to the Flavians when, as ''legatus legionis'', or commander, of Legio III Augusta stationed in Af ...

, a partisan of

, whom he secretly served as legate in Africa. After Vespasian's accession, Festus was named consul in AD 71, serving from the kalends of May to the kalends of July. * Valerius Theon, a

sophist A sophist () was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics and mathematics. They taught ''arete'', "virtue" or "excellen ...

, and the author of a commentary on

Andocides Andocides (; , ''Andokides''; ) was a logographer (speech writer) in Ancient Greece. He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third centur ...

. Some scholars suppose him to be the same person as the sophist

Aelius Theon Aelius Theon (, ''gen''.: Θέωνος) was an Alexandrian sophist and author of a collection of preliminary exercises (''progymnasmata'') for the training of orators. He probably lived and wrote in the mid to late 1st century AD and his treatise ...

. *

Publius Valerius Patruinus Publius Valerius Patruinus (died AD 91) was a Roman senator, who flourished under the reign of Domitian. He was suffect consul in the ''nundinium'' of July–August 82 with Lucius Antonius Saturninus as his colleague. He is known entirely from inscr ...

, consul from the Kalends of July to the Kalends of September in AD 82. * Publius Valerius Marinus, consul from the Kalends of May to the Kalends of September in AD 91.'' Fasti Potentini'', ; 2003, 588; 2005, 457.Gallivan, "The ''Fasti'' for A.D. 70–96", pp. 191, 218. * Quintus Valerius Vegetus, consul from the Kalends of September to the end of the year in AD 91. * Valerius Licinianus, an advocate, and former praetor, who was accused of having committed incest with Cornelia, chief of the

Vestal Virgin In ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins or Vestals (, singular ) were priestesses of Vesta, virgin goddess of Rome's sacred hearth and its flame. The Vestals were unlike any other public priesthood. They were chosen before puberty from several s ...

s. He confessed in hopes of being spared by Domitian, who banished him. Under

Nerva Nerva (; born Marcus Cocceius Nerva; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98) was a Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the succeeding rulers of the Flavian dynast ...

he was permitted to live in Sicily, where he taught rhetoric. * Quintus Fabius Barbarus Valerius Magnus Julianus, consul from the Kalends of July to the Kalends of September in AD 99.Smallwood, ''Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian''. *

Valeria of Milan Valeria of Milan (d. 1st or 2nd century), or Valérie, according to Christian tradition, was the wife of Vitalis of Milan and the mother of Gervasius and Protasius. History "Some modern writers contend that she may have been a character in a wo ...

, a first- or second-century Christian martyr. *

Marcus Valerius Martialis Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial ; March, between 38 and 41 AD – between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman and Celtiberian poet born in Bilbilis, Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of ''Epigrams'', pub ...

, otherwise known as "Martial", a poet who flourished under the reigns of Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan, and was famous for his epigrams. * Gaius Valerius Anemestione C. Ius, an , or metalworker, so described in a Cordovan inscription. * Gaius Valerius Paullinus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 107, serving from the Kalends of September to the end of the year. * Lucius Mummius Niger Quintus Valerius Vegetus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 112, serving from the Kalends of April to the Kalends of July. *

Gaius Valerius Severus Gaius Valerius Severus was a Roman senator of the second century. He was suffect consul in the ''nundinium'' of September to December 124 as the colleague of Gaius Julius Gallus. Severus is primarily known from inscriptions. Severus is attested as ...

, governor of

Achaea Achaea () or Achaia (), sometimes transliterated from Greek language, Greek as Akhaia (, ''Akhaḯa'', ), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the modern regions of Greece, region of Western Greece and is situated in the northwest ...

from AD 117 to 118, then of Lycia and Pamphylia until 122. In 124, he was consul ''suffectus'' from the Kalends of September to the end of the year. * ..atus Publius Valerius Priscus, consul ''circa'' AD 120 or 121. * Lucius Valerius Propinquus Pomponius Granius Grattius (Cerealis?) Geminius Restitutus, consul in AD 126, from the Kalends of March to the Kalends of July. He was governor of

Germania Inferior ''Germania Inferior'' ("Lower Germania") was a Roman province from AD 85 until the province was renamed ''Germania Secunda'' in the 4th century AD, on the west bank of the Rhine bordering the North Sea. The capital of the province was Colonia Cl ...

in the early 130s, and of Asia from 140 to 141. * Valerius Pollio, a philosopher from

Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...

, who lived in the time of Hadrian. He was the father of Valerius Pollio Diodorus.''Suda'', ''s. v. Πωλίων''. * Valerius Pollio Diodorus, the son of Valerius Pollio, was a philosopher who lived in the age of Hadrian. * Valerius Urbicus, consul in an uncertain year before AD 138. * Marcus Valerius Junianus, consul in AD 143. * Gaius Valerius L. f. Florinus, the brother of Proculus, was a military tribune in the

Legio VII Claudia Legio VII Claudia (Latin for "The 7th Claudian Legion") was a legion of the Ancient Roman army. History Legio VII was the first legion Julius Caesar raised for his campaigns in Cisalpine Gaul. In Caesar's account of the battle against the ...

, according to a second-century inscription from

Praeneste Palestrina (ancient ''Praeneste''; , ''Prainestos'') is a modern Italian city and ''comune'' (municipality) with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon ...

. * Lucius Valerius L. f. Proculus, the brother of Florinus, was ''

praefectus annonae The ("prefect of the provisions"), also called the ("prefect of the grain supply"), was a Roman official charged with the supervision of the grain supply to the city of Rome. Under the Republic, the job was usually done by an aedile. However, ...

'' from AD 142 to 144, and prefect of

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

from 144 to 147. * Sextus Quinctilius Valerius Maximus, consul in AD 151. * Marcus Valerius Homullus, consul in AD 152, was a friend of

Antoninus Pius Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (; ; 19 September 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors from the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held var ...

, and humorously admonished the emperor on various occasions. * Marcus Valerius Etruscus, legate of the third legion, was probably consul from the Kalends of July to the Kalends of September in AD 154. * Marcus Valerius Bradua, the father of Marcus Valerius Bradua Mauricus, the consul of AD 191. * Marcus Asinius Rufinus Valerius Verus Sabinianus, consul in an uncertain year between AD 183 and 185. * Marcus Valerius Maximianus, consul in AD 185. * Valerius Senecio, consul in AD 186. * Marcus Valerius M. f. Bradua Mauricus, consul in AD 191.. * Gaius Valerius Pudens, consul in AD 193 or 194. He had been governor of

Pannonia Inferior Pannonia Inferior, lit. Lower Pannonia, was a province of the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sirmium. It was one of the border provinces on the Danube. It was formed in the year 103 AD by Emperor Trajan who divided the former province of Pannonia ...

, and was governor of Britain in the early third century. He was proconsul of Africa ''circa'' 211. * Valerius Bassianus, put to death by Commodus. * Ofilius Valerius Macedo, consul in an uncertain year, before AD 198. * Valerius Catulinus, appointed by

Didius Julianus Marcus Didius Julianus (; 29 January 133 – 2 June 193) was Roman emperor from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors. Julianus had a promising political career, governing several provinces, including Dalmatia (Roman province) ...

to succeed

Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus (; ; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna (present-day Al-Khums, Libya) in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through cursus honorum, the ...

as governor of Illyricum, when Severus refused to acknowledge his title. However, Catulinus was slain by Severus' forces. * Marcus Valerius Senecio, consul in an uncertain year, between AD 211 and 217. * Publius Valerius Eutychianus Comazon, an actor and dancer who became a friend and confidant of

Elagabalus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus, 204 – 13 March 222), better known by his posthumous nicknames Elagabalus ( ) and Heliogabalus ( ), was Roman emperor from 218 to 222, while he was still a teenager. His short r ...

after having taken part in the conspiracy against

Macrinus Marcus Opellius Macrinus (; – June 218) was a Roman emperor who reigned from April 217 to June 218, jointly with his young son Diadumenianus. Born in Caesarea (now called Cherchell, in modern Algeria), in the Roman province of Mauretania ...

. He was appointed praetorian prefect, then consul in AD 220, and served three times as , twice under Elagabalus, and again under

Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – March 235), also known as Alexander Severus, was Roman emperor from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. Alexander took power in 222, when he succeeded his slain co ...

. * Quintus (or Claudius?) Valerius Rufrius Justus, consul ''suffectus'' in an uncertain year, between AD 220 and 230. * Valerius Marcellinus, a historian, and biographer of the emperors, cited by

Julius Capitolinus The ''Historia Augusta'' (English: ''Augustan History'') is a late Roman collection of biographies, written in Latin, of the Roman emperors, their junior colleagues, designated heirs and usurpers from 117 to 284. Supposedly modeled on the sim ...

. *

Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius ( AD) was a translator of the Greek '' Alexander Romance'', a romantic history of Alexander the Great, into Latin under the title '' Res gestae Alexandri Macedonis''. The work is in three books on his birth, acts ...

, a scholar of the late third and early fourth century, who translated the life of Alexander the Great, of the Pseudo-Callisthenes, into Latin. *

Valerius of Saragossa Saint Valerius of Saragossa (; ) (d. 315 AD) is the patron saint of Saragossa. He was bishop of this city from 290 until his death. He assisted at the Council of Elvira. His feast day is January 29. History Saint Valerius (4th century) was born in ...

, Bishop of

Caesaraugusta Caesaraugusta or Caesar Augusta was the name of the Roman city of Zaragoza, founded as a '' Colonia Inmune'' from Rome in 14 BC, possibly on December 23, on the intensely Romanized Iberian city of Salduie. Its foundation occurred in the context ...

Hispania Tarraconensis Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the northern, eastern and central territories of modern Spain along with modern North Region, Portugal, northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now ...

from AD 290 to 315. * Valerius Proculus, consul in AD 325. *

Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus Aurelius Valerius Symmachus Tullianus ( 330–337) was a Roman senator and aristocrat. He was appointed consul in 330 by the emperor Constantine. Writing between 334 and 337 (probably 337), the author Firmicus Maternus noted Tullianus for his au ...

, consul in AD 330. *

Lucius Aradius Valerius Proculus Lucius Aradius Valerius Proculus Populonius ( 333–352) was a senator and a politician of the Roman Empire, twice ''praefectus urbi'' of Rome (in 337–338 and in 351–352) and once consul (in 340). Life He was a ''vir clarissimus'', the lowe ...

, also known as ''Populonius'', consul in AD 340, and from 337 to 338, and from 351 to 352. * Valerius of Trèves, a fourth-century bishop of

Augusta Treverorum Augusta Treverorum (Latin for "City of Augustus in the Land of the Treveri") was a Ancient Rome, Roman city on the Moselle River, from which modern Trier emerged. The date of the city's founding is placed between the construction of the first Rom ...

. *

Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus (c. 328 - aft. 379 or 383) was a Roman politician. Life He was the son of Valerius Maximus (praetorian prefect), Valerius Maximus and first wife Septimia Bassa. He was ''praefectus urbi'' Romae under the emperors ...

, under

Gratian Gratian (; ; 18 April 359 – 25 August 383) was emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 367 to 383. The eldest son of Valentinian I, Gratian was raised to the rank of ''Augustus'' as a child and inherited the West after his father's death in ...

Valentinian II Valentinian II (; 37115 May 392) was a Roman emperor in the western part of the Roman Empire between AD 375 and 392. He was at first junior co-ruler of his half-brother, then was sidelined by a usurper, and finally became sole ruler after 388, ...

, and Theodosius I. * Valerius II, Bishop of Zaragoza, ''circa'' 380 * Valerius Adelphius Bassus, of Venetia and Histria under Valentinian II, Theodosius I and Arcadius, and perhaps the son of Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus. * Valerius (consul 432), Flavius Valerius, consul in AD 432. * Valerius Faltonius Adelphius, consul in AD 451, perhaps the son of Valerius Adelphius Bassus. * Flavius Valerius, consul in AD 521.

Imperial Valerii

* Diocletian, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, emperor from AD 284 to 305. * Maximian, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus 'Herculius', emperor from AD 286 to 305, 306 to 308, and 310. * Galerius, Galerius Valerius Maximianus, better known as ''Galerius'', emperor from AD 305 to 311. * Galeria Valeria, the daughter of Diocletian, and second wife of Galerius. * Maximinus Daza, Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daza, emperor from AD 305 to 313. * Constantius Chlorus, Flavius Valerius Constantius Chlorus, emperor from AD 305 to 306. * Flavius Valerius Severus, emperor from AD 306 to 307. * Maxentius, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius, emperor from AD 306 to 312. * Valeria Maximilla, the daughter of Galerius and wife of Maxentius. * Constantine the Great, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, better known as ''Constantine the Great'', emperor from AD 306 to 337.Aurelius Victor, ''De Caesaribus'' and ''Epitome de Caesaribus'', 40, 41.Zonaras, xiii. * Licinius, Valerius Licinianus Licinius, emperor from AD 308 to 324. * Valerius Romulus, the son of Maxentius and Valeria Maximilla, consul in AD 308 and 309. * Julius Valerius Majorianus, emperor from AD 457 to 461.Marcellinus, ''Chronicon''.

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

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, ''The History of Rome'', Julius Charles Hare and Connop Thirlwall, trans., John Smith, Cambridge (1828). * Johann Caspar von Orelli, ''Inscriptionum Latinarum Selectarum Amplissima Collectio'' (An Extensive Collection of Select Latin Inscriptions), Orell Füssli, Zürich (1828). * Desiré-Raoul Rochette, ''Lettre à M. Schorn'', Firmin Didot Frères, Paris (1832). * ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith (lexicographer), William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). * Theodor Mommsen ''et alii'', ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). * ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'', William Smith, ed., Little, Brown, and Company, Boston (1859). * René Cagnat ''et alii'', ''L'Année épigraphique'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). * Friedrich Münzer, ''De Gente Valeria'' (The Gens Valeria), Erdmann Raabe, Opole (1891). * George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897). * Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898). * Friedrich Münzer, ''Römische Adelsparteien und Adelsfamilien'' (Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families), Stuttgart, 1920. * Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, T. Robert S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952). * E. Mary Smallwood, ''Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian'', Cambridge University Press (1966). * ''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970). * * A. H. M. Jones & J. R. Martindale, ''Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'' (abbreviated ''PLRE''), Cambridge University Press (1971–1992). * Guido Bastianini,
Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30^a al 299^p
(List of the Prefects of Egypt from 30 BC to AD 299), in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', vol. 17 (1975). * Werner Eck,
Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.–3. Jh. n. Chr.
(Investigation of Consular and Senatorial Epigraphy from the First to the Third Century AD), in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', vol. 37 (1980). * Paul A. Gallivan, "The ''Fasti'' for the Reign of Claudius", in ''Classical Quarterly'', vol. 28, pp. 407–426 (1978); "The ''Fasti'' for A.D. 70–96", in ''Classical Quarterly'', vol. 31, pp. 186–220 (1981). * Olli Salomies, ''Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire'', Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Helsinki (1992). * John C. Traupman, ''The New College Latin & English Dictionary'', Bantam Books, New York (1995). * Inge Mennen, ''Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193–284'', Brill (2011). * Tim Cornell (editor), ''The Fragments of the Roman Historians'', Oxford University Press, 2013. * John Briscoe, ''Valerius Maximus, Facta Et Dicta Memorabilia, Book 8: Text, Introduction, and Commentary'', Berlin/Boston, de Gruyter, 2019. {{Refend Valerii, Roman gentes