The United National Workers' Party (, PUNT) was a

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

. It was the only political party in the country from 1970 to 1979, during the dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema.

History

The PUNT was created and led by Francisco Macías Nguema, former leader of the Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea (IPGE) and, since the independence from

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, President of

(confirmed by the 1968 general election). The party was officially founded on 7 July 1970 on the structure of the United National Party (, PUN), existing from January to February of that same year. The PUN was formed in January 1970, after Macías issued a decree suppressing all existing political parties in the country. Previously, in December 1968, Macías had already announced that there would soon be a single party to "unify ideas". Macías assumed the post of president for life of the PUNT, whose highest body was the Central Committee. The Central Committee consisted of Macías as president, his ministers, civil governors of the provinces, government delegates and high-ranking officers of the

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. The other structures of the PUNT consisted of base, district and provincial committees. In 1977, the Central Committee was disbanded and Macías assumed absolute power in the PUNT. The Permanent

Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...

of the PUNT was Buenaventura Ochaga Ngomo (simultaneously the Minister of Popular Education, Art and Traditional Culture), until his fall from grace and execution in 1976. The PUNT's role as the only legal party was enshrined in the 1973 Constitution. The statutes of the PUNT were elaborated, according to what is said, by an advisor of Macías, Antonio García-Trevijano.Guinea Ecuatorial: de colonia a sultanato
Paula García Ascanio, 2010 According to the (ANRD), it was García-Trevijano who suggested Macías to add "the Workers" to the name of the party in 1971. Other authors posit that Macías was inspired to make this change by Marien Ngouabi, then- President of the People's Republic of the Congo, or was potentially inspired by the name of the

Workers' Party of Korea The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), also called the Korean Workers' Party (KWP), is the sole ruling party of North Korea. Founded in 1949 from a merger between the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea, the WPK is ...

. In the 1973 parliamentary election, the PUNT won all of the seats in the legislature, and Macías was reelected unopposed in the presidential election. The youth wing of the party, called "Youth in March with Macías" (formerly known as "Popular Revolutionary Militia") played an important role, both propagandist and repressive one. The party also had a women's wing, called "Feminine Section", based on the Sección Femenina of the FET y de las JONS in Francoist Spain. Set up by Marina Alene Mbá, the women's wing had the function of organizing events and activities, and the women who belonged it had to be informants for the authorities about the political activity of their families. The President of

Guinea Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sier ...

Ahmed Sékou Touré sent two advisers to the country to help organize this body. From the very moment of its creation, the PUNT acquired great social significance. The party membership card was required for everything: academic fees, work contracts, etc. It was also mandatory to wear the official PUNT uniform, with an effigy of President Macías placed at the height of the heart, to show fidelity and love to the dictator. The party membership card was as important as the personal

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, and could be requested by the authorities at any time and place. In addition, the party had the power to make decisions in legal matters, such as judging, condemning and absolving. According to Article 4 of the Statute of the PUNT, all citizens of Equatorial Guinea became members of the PUNT from the age of seven. The party was banned by the Supreme Military Council following the 1979 coup d'état, led by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, nephew of Macías.

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Chamber of Deputies elections

References

{{Authority control 1970 establishments in Equatorial Guinea 1979 disestablishments in Equatorial Guinea African socialist political parties Banned socialist parties African and Black nationalist parties in Africa Pan-Africanist political parties in Africa Parties of one-party systems Political parties disestablished in 1979 Political parties established in 1970 Political parties in Equatorial Guinea Socialism in Equatorial Guinea