The Union for Democratic Renewal (''Union pour la Renouveau Démocratique'') was a coalition of political parties in the Republic of the Congo. The coalition was led by
Bernard Kolélas Bernard Bakana Kolélas (12 June 1933Alain Kounzilat, , Kimpwanza (planeteafrique.com) . – 13 November 2009Thierry Noungou"Parlement - Bernard Bakana Kolélas décédé ce 13 novembre à Paris", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 13 November 2 ...
, who was also the leader of the coalition's largest party, the
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
The Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (french: Mouvement congolais pour la démocratie et le développement intégral; MCDDI) is a liberal political party in the Republic of the Congo, led by Bernard Kolélas until his deat ...
(MCDDI). The URD parties supported the transitional government of Prime Minister
André Milongo
André Ntsatouabantou Milongo (20 October 1935 , lechoc.info . – 23 July 2007) was a
(1991–1992) and opposed the
National Alliance for Democracy
Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn is a Zimbabwean political organisation, founded by Simba Makoni, Kudzai Mbudzi and Ibbo Mandaza.
Zimbabwean Presidential Election of 2008
Simba Makoni was the Mavambo candidate, finishing third with 8.3% of the vote in t ...
(AND), which included the
Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (french: Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale, UPADS) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo headed by Pascal Lissouba, who was President from 1992 to 1997. It has been the country ...
(UPADS) and the
Congolese Labour Party
The Congolese Party of Labour (french: Parti congolais du travail, PCT) is the ruling party of the Republic of the Congo. Founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, it was originally a pro-Soviet, Marxist–Leninist vanguard party which founded the Peo ...
(PCT). In the
parliamentary election
A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
held in June–July 1992, the AND parties won a slight majority of seats in the
National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...
and UPADS leader
Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba (15 November 1931 – 24 August 2020) was a Congolese politician who was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo and served from 31 August 1992 until 25 October 1997. He was overthrown by the fo ...
was victorious over Kolélas in the August 1992 presidential election.John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 71–72.
Following the 1992 parliamentary election, the seven URD parties held 40 out of 125 seats in the National Assembly.Joachim Emmanuel Goma-Thethet, "Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97", in ''Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress'' (2005), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 111. After Lissouba took office, he gave the PCT only a small portion of positions in the government, causing the PCT to break with Lissouba and ally with URD instead; therefore, the URD and PCT together gained a parliamentary majority, enabling it to force out the government appointed by Lissouba. Lissouba consequently dissolved the National Assembly and called for a new parliamentary election, and after protests occurred, Lissouba accepted the formation of a national unity government in the lead-up to the election, with most of its positions going to the URD and PCT. In the new election, however, the pro-Lissouba alliance was victorious, and the URD and PCT alleged fraud.
Four members of the URD were included in the government of Prime Minister
Joachim Yhombi-Opango
Jacques Joachim Yhombi-Opango (12 January 1939 – 30 March 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was an army officer who became Congo-Brazzaville's first general and served as Head of State of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1977 to 1979 ...
that was named on January 23, 1995. These included Col.
Philippe Bikinkita Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to:
* Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present)
* Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer
* Prince Philippe, Count ...
as Minister of the Interior in charge of Security and Urban Development, along with three Minister-Delegates.
The
Rally for Democracy and Social Progress
The Rally for Democracy and Social Progress (french: Rassemblement pour la démocratie et le progrès social, RDPS) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo, founded by Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya.
History
Thystère Tchicaya f ...
Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress
The Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress (''Union Patriotique pour la Démocratie et le Progrès'', UPDP) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo. It is led by Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua
In opposition to President Pascal Li ...
(UPDP), and the
Congolese Social Democratic Party
Congolese or Kongolese may refer to:
African peoples
* Congolese people (disambiguation)
* Kongo people, a Bantu ethnic group who live along the Atlantic coast of Africa from Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo) to Luanda, Angola, primarily defined by ...