Ulmus Americana 'Pendula'
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American elm ''Ulmus americana'', generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can ...
cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...
''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula' was originally listed by
William Aiton William Aiton (17312 February 1793) was a Scotland, Scottish botanist. Aiton was born near Hamilton, Scotland, Hamilton. Having been regularly trained to the profession of a gardener, he travelled to London in 1754, and became assistant to Phi ...
in ''Hort. Kew'', 1: 320, 1789, as ''U. americana'' var. ''pendula'', cloned in England in 1752 by James Gordon. From the 1880s the
Späth nursery The Späth (often spelt ''Spaeth'') family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulen ...
of Berlin supplied a cultivar at first listed as ''Ulmus fulva'' (Michx.) ''pendula'' Hort., which in their 1899 catalogue was queried as a possible variety of ''U. americana'', and which thereafter appeared in their early 20th-century catalogues as ''U. americana pendula'' (formerly ''Ulmus fulva'' (Michx.) ''pendula'' Hort.).Späth nursery, Catalogue 143, p. 135, 1910–11. Berlin, Germany. The Scampston Elm, ''Ulmus'' × ''hollandica'' 'Scampstoniensis', in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th and 20th centuries, was occasionally referred to as 'American Weeping Elm' or ''Ulmus americana pendula''. This cultivar, however, was distinguished by Späth from his ''Ulmus americana pendula''. 'Pendula' was considered probably just a ''forma'' by
Green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a com ...
, who stated that it was later confused with a pendulous variant of an ''Ulmus glabra'' (see 'Synonymy'). At least one US nursery, however, stocked a clone. From 1932 to 1934 Plumfield Nurseries of
Fremont, Nebraska Fremont is a city in and the county seat of Dodge County, Nebraska, Dodge County in the eastern portion of the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. The population was 27,141 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it t ...
, marketed, alongside the pyramidal ''Ulmus americana'' 'Moline' and the non-pendulous ''Ulmus americana'' 'Vase', an 'American Weeping Elm', "a weeping form of American elm, with long drooping branches".


Description

The tree was described as vase-shaped with branches pendulous at their extremities.


Cultivation

The ''U. americana pendula'' planted at the
Dominion Arboretum The Dominion Arboretum () is an arboretum part of the Central Experimental Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Originally begun in 1889, the Arboretum covers about of rolling land between Prince of Wales Drive, ...
,
Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
, in 1889 may have been Späth's mis-named ''Ulmus fulva'' (Mchx) ''pendula'', later corrected in arboretum lists, since Späth supplied many of the 1880s' and 1890s' elms there. Specimens from Späth were in cultivation in Europe, as ''Ulmus fulva'' (Mchx) ''pendula'' in the late 19th century, and as ''U. americana pendula'' in the 20th, to the 1930s.
Henry Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainmen ...
(1913) described two at
Kew Kew () is a district in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its population at the 2011 census was 11,436. Kew is the location of the Royal Botanic Gardens ("Kew Gardens"), now a World Heritage Site, which includes Kew Palace. Kew is ...
obtained from Späth in 1896, considering them "probably not" ''Ulmus americana'' 'Beebe's Weeping', an 1889 cultivar which had at first also been mis-called ''Ulmus fulva'' (Mchx) ''pendula''. 'Pendula' is known to have been cultivated in the UK (most recently in
Ayrshire Ayrshire (, ) is a Counties of Scotland, historic county and registration county, in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area of Ayrshire and Arran covers the entirety ...
) and the Netherlands; no surviving trees have been confirmed (2016). A striking low, horizontal-spreading American elm in
Morton Arboretum The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, United States, is a public garden and outdoor museum with a library, herbarium, and program in tree research including the Center for Tree Science. Its grounds, covering 1,700 acres (6.9 square kilometre ...
,
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...
(near the main road to the east side), said by the Arboretum not to be 'Beebe's', is labelled as a ''forma'', ''Ulmus americana'' f. ''pendula'', reportedly cloned in 1970 from a weeping American elm growing in front of Plymouth Congregational Church, Plainfield, Illinois (see 'Accessions'). A clone cultivated in China as ''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula', top-grafted on ''
Ulmus pumila ''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes mistakenly called the "Chinese" elm (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout A ...
'' stock, is neither ''Ulmus americana'' nor Scampston elm (formerly mis-named ''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula'), but, in the case of the majority of photographs on the Plant Photo Bank of China, a weeping form of ''U. glabra'' Huds., probably 'Camperdownii'.Cultivar in China mis-named ''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula' (excepting first four photographs), Plant Photo Bank of China; ppbc.iplant.cn
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Hybrid cultivars

'Pendula' was used in the Dutch elm breeding programme before
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, but none of the progeny were of particular note and are not known to have been cultivated Went, J. C. (1954). The Dutch elm disease - Summary of 15 years' hybridisation and selection work (1937-1952). ''European Journal of Plant Pathology'', Vol 60, 2, March 1954.


Synonymy

*''Ulmus americana'' var. ''glabra'': Walpers, ''Ann. Bot. Syst.'' 3: 424, 1852. *''Ulmus fulva'' (Mchx) ''pendula'' Hort., Späth in error, 1880s to 1899 (see above)


Accessions


North America

*
Morton Arboretum The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, United States, is a public garden and outdoor museum with a library, herbarium, and program in tree research including the Center for Tree Science. Its grounds, covering 1,700 acres (6.9 square kilometre ...
,
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...
, US; acc. no. 678-70; as ''Ulmus americana'' f. ''pendula''


References

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed American elm cultivar Ulmus articles missing images Ulmus Articles with quotation marks in the title