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The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) ( zh, s=中美战略与经济对话, t=中美戰略與經濟對話, p=Zhōng Měi zhànlüè yǔ jīngjì duìhuà) was a high-level dialogue for the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
and
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
to discuss a wide range of regional and global strategic and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1, 2009, by U.S. President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...
and Chinese President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former
Senior Dialogue The U.S.-China Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) was a regular, high-level strategic dialogue between the United States and the People's Republic of China. The Senior Dialogue has been upgraded to the strategic track ...
and
Strategic Economic Dialogue The Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) was a framework for the United States and the People's Republic of China to discuss topics related to economic relations between them. The SED was initiated in 2006 by President George W. Bush and President Hu ...
started under the
George W. Bush administration George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican from Texas, took office following his narrow electoral college vict ...
. High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations will met annually at capitals alternating between the two countries. The S&ED was renamed the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue in June 2017. The Trump administration terminated the dialogue that year.


History

The creation of the S&ED was announced on April 1, 2009, in
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
at the G-20 summit by President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...
and President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
during their first meeting. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former
Senior Dialogue The U.S.-China Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) was a regular, high-level strategic dialogue between the United States and the People's Republic of China. The Senior Dialogue has been upgraded to the strategic track ...
and
Strategic Economic Dialogue The Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) was a framework for the United States and the People's Republic of China to discuss topics related to economic relations between them. The SED was initiated in 2006 by President George W. Bush and President Hu ...
started under the George W. Bush administration. High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations meet annually at capitals alternating between the two countries. The first meeting was held in
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
on July 27–28, 2009. It has been suggested by analysts and media that the S&ED constitutes an important part of the G-2 relationship between the United States and China. Experts say that it can promote political trust, constructive engagement, and collaboration between the two countries. The administration of United States President Donald Trump renamed S&ED as the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue in June 2017. Trump's advisors
Steve Bannon Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive, political strategist, and former investment banker. He served as the White House's chief strategist for the first seven months of president Donald Trump's first ...
, Peter Navarro, and Matt Pottinger advised against continuing the dialogue. One meeting occurred, and the Trump administration canceled the dialogue that year.


Purpose

The S&ED attempted to address the challenges and opportunities that the United States and China face on a wide range of regional and global areas of immediate and long-term strategic and economic interests. Both President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...
of the U.S. and President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
of China placed the S&ED at the center of the
bilateral relationship Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When ...
and sought to deliver concrete, meaningful, and sustained progress over time on long-term strategic and economic objectives through the S&ED.Fact Sheet: U.S.‐China Strategic and Economic Dialogue
U.S. Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current U.S. government departments. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and ...
.
The S&ED has allowed the Secretary of Treasury and Secretary of State to meet directly with their more powerful counterparts; China traditionally considers American cabinet secretaries equal to Chinese ministers, rather than the more senior state councilors and vice premiers.


Structure

The S&ED was organized around a high-level, cross-cutting structure that addresses the geopolitical nature of mutual concerns in strategic and economic discussions. The S&ED provided a forum for ongoing and productive bilateral engagement between U.S. and Chinese officials with diverse responsibilities for both economic and strategic issues. The structure of the S&ED allowed for a plenary session to discuss issues of cross-cutting strategic and economic importance, while maintaining distinct strategic and economic tracks. Each respective track involved focused discussions on issues of mutual immediate and long-term strategic or economic interest. The S&ED will meet semi-annually to facilitate robust engagement and progress between dialogues through coordination with existing bilateral dialogues and working-level interactions.


Participants

The S&ED brought together senior leadership representing the U.S. and Chinese governments. Special representatives were appointed by Presidents of both countries.


Special representatives

Strategic Track *
United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The secretary of state serves as the principal advisor to the ...
:
John Kerry John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat who served as the 68th United States secretary of state from 2013 to 2017 in the Presidency of Barack Obama#Administration, administration of Barac ...
*
State Councilor of the People's Republic of China A State Councillor of the People's Republic of China () serves as a senior vice leader within the State Council and shares responsibilities with the Vice Premiers in assisting the Premier in the administration and coordination of governmental a ...
: Dai Bingguo Economic Track *
United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
:
Jack Lew Jacob Joseph Lew (born August 29, 1955) is an American attorney and diplomat who served as the 28th United States ambassador to Israel from 2023 to 2025. He was the 76th United States secretary of the treasury from 2013 to 2017. A member of the ...
*
Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China The vice premiers of the State Council of the People's Republic of China serves as a deputy leader within the State Council. In terms of administrative hierarchy, the Vice Premier holds a position superior to that of ministers, commission dir ...
:
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...


First round meetings

The meetings for the first round of the dialogue took place July 27–28, 2009 in
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
Vice Premier
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
held talks with Congressmen
Rick Larsen Richard Ray Larsen (born June 15, 1965) is an American politician serving as the United States representative for since 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, Larsen is the ranking member of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committ ...
and
Mark Kirk Mark Steven Kirk (born September 15, 1959) is an American retired politician and attorney who served as a United States senator from Illinois from 2010 to 2017, and as the United States representative for Illinois's 10th congressional district f ...
, former U.S. Treasury Secretary
Henry Paulson Henry "Hank" Merritt Paulson Jr. (born March 28, 1946) is an American investment banker and financier who served as the 74th United States secretary of the treasury from 2006 to 2009. Prior to his role in the Department of the Treasury, Paulson ...
and
Justin Yifu Lin Justin Yifu Lin ( zh, c=林毅夫, p=Lín Yìfū; born on October 15, 1952) is a Taiwanese-born Chinese economist and professor of economics at Peking University. He served as the World Bank Chief Economist, Chief Economist and Senior Vice Presid ...
, chief economist and senior vice president of the World Bank, on July 26, 2009, prior to the S&ED. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
hosted a dinner on July 26, 2009, for Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo. In an opinion piece published in ''
The Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' (''WSJ''), also referred to simply as the ''Journal,'' is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscriptio ...
'', Clinton and
Timothy Geithner Timothy Franz Geithner (; born August 18, 1961) is an American former central banker who served as the 75th United States secretary of the treasury under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. He was the President of the Federal Reserve Bank o ...
wrote about the U.S.–China relationship and the new S&ED. They added, "Simply put, few global problems can be solved by the U.S. or China alone. And few can be solved without the U.S. and China together", citing the "strength of the global economy, the health of the global environment, the stability of fragile states and the solution to nonproliferation challenges" as aspects that both countries have to cooperate on. Hillary Clinton, Wang Qishan, Timothy Geithner, Dai Bingguo and President Obama addressed the opening ceremony of the first S&ED on July 27, 2009. President Hu sent a congratulatory message read out by Wang. Obama said in his speech, "The relationship between the United States and China will shape the 21st century, which makes it as important as any bilateral relationship in the world. That really must underpin our partnership. That is the responsibility that together we bear." The opening ceremony of the first Dialogue was held in the
Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center The Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, named after former United States president Ronald Reagan, is located in downtown Washington, D.C., and was the first federal building in Washington designed for both governmental and p ...
. The agenda included the global economic interest, North Korean nuclear weapons production and proliferation, climate change, and overseas development assistance. Chinese participants met with and were addressed by President Barack Obama and spent some time on Capitol Hill meeting with members. They also met with Vice President
Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice p ...
. China brought more than 150 senior officials, including 28 minister-level officials and nearly its whole Cabinet, one of the largest and highest-level official Chinese delegations ever to come to the U.S. Chinese central banker
Zhou Xiaochuan Zhou Xiaochuan (; born 29 January 1948) is a Chinese economist. Zhou served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2002 to 2018. Zhou previously served as vice governor of the People's Bank of China, director of the State Adminis ...
, Chinese Finance Minister Xie Xuren, the Chinese head of the banking regulatory commission, Liu Mingkang, and the head of securities regulatory commission, Shang Fulin, participated in the dialogue.Shear, David (July 27, 2009)
Briefing on the U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue
U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs o ...
.
China's Vice Foreign Minister
Wang Guangya Wang Guangya (born March 1950; ) is a Chinese diplomat who is the former Director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. A career diplomat, Wang was previously Vice Minister of Foreign ...
also participated. A legion of prominent personages took part on the U.S. side. For example, for climate change, Secretary of Energy
Steven Chu Steven ChuJohn Holdren John Paul Holdren (born March 1, 1944) is an American scientist who served as the senior advisor to President Barack Obama on science and technology issues through his roles as assistant to the president for science and technology, director of the ...
, Carol Browner, Lisa Jackson from the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on De ...
(EPA) and others participated for the U.S. For the Chinese side, Vice-Minister
Zhang Guobao Zhang Guobao (; November 1944 – 4 October 2019) was a Chinese government official who served as Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission. Biography Zhang was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, in November 1944. He graduated fro ...
of the powerful
National Development and Reform Commission The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is the third-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, which functions as a macroeconomic management agency. Established as the State Planning C ...
(NDRC) spoke on energy issues and NDRC Vice-Minister Xie Zhenhua talked about the substantial steps that China is taking to limit CO2 emissions. In an effort to reassure the Chinese about their investment, Obama rolled out top officials to meet with Chinese representatives including Federal Reserve Chairman
Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist who served as the 14th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. After leaving the Federal Reserve, he was appointed a distinguished fellow at the Brookings Insti ...
, National Economic Council Director
Lawrence Summers Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 and as the director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to 2010. He also served as presiden ...
and
Peter Orszag Peter Richard Orszag (born December 16, 1968) is an American business executive and former government official. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of Lazard. Announced as Lazard's incoming CEO on May 26, 2023, he assumed the r ...
, Obama's budget director, and U.S. Trade Representative
Ron Kirk Ronald Kirk (born June 27, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the United States Trade Representative from 2009 to 2013, as the 97th secretary of state of Texas, and as the 56th mayor of Dallas from 1995 to 2002. He is a me ...
among others. Federal Reserve Chairman Bernanke briefed Chinese officials about how the U.S. plans to keep inflation in check over the next few years. U.S. Secretary of Labor
Hilda Solis Hilda Lucia Solis (; born October 20, 1957) is an American politician and a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 1st district. Solis previously served as the 25th United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013, as pa ...
, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary
Kathleen Sebelius Kathleen Sebelius (; née Gilligan, born May 15, 1948) is an American politician who served as the 21st United States secretary of health and human services from 2009 until 2014. As Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was instrumenta ...
and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
Susan Rice Susan Elizabeth Rice (born November 17, 1964) is an American diplomat, policy advisor, and public official. As a member of the Democratic Party, Rice served as the 22nd director of the United States Domestic Policy Council from 2021 to 2023, a ...
also participated in the Dialogue. ''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'' reported how 200 Chinese bankers, bureaucrats and policymakers scrutinized Obama's economic strategy and commented "how much the global financial crisis has changed the subtle balance of power in meetings of 'the G2'". The U.S. and China also announced a resumption of routine military contacts and high-level visits by defense officials when Admiral Timothy Keating met with his Chinese counterpart during the dialogue. On July 29, Wang Qishan met with Ben Bernanke and exchanged views on bilateral issues and other issues of mutual concern. Dai Bingguo had breakfast with a group of U.S. senators including Senator
John Kerry John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat who served as the 68th United States secretary of state from 2013 to 2017 in the Presidency of Barack Obama#Administration, administration of Barac ...
and Senator
Richard Lugar Richard Green Lugar ( ; April 4, 1932 – April 28, 2019) was an American politician who served as a United States Senate, United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party (United States), Republ ...
on Capitol Hill.


Highlights


Strategic Track

The Strategic Track of the S&ED consists of four pillars: # Bilateral relations (people-to-people exchanges); # International security issues (nonproliferation, counterterrorism); # Global issues (health, development, energy, global institutions); # Regional security and stability issues (Afghanistan/Pakistan, Iran, DPRK).
Climate change Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in Global surface temperature, global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate variability and change, Climate change in ...
,
clean energy Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy, and s ...
, and the environment were also discussed in separate special sessions. Key highlights from the Strategic Track include: Climate Change, Energy, and Environment MOU,
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...
,
South Asia South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...
,
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
,
Counter-Terrorism Counterterrorism (alternatively spelled: counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, businesses, and intelligence agencies use to co ...
,
Non-proliferation Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries, particularly those not recognized as nuclear-weapon states by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the ''Non-Proliferation Tr ...
, Military-to-Military Relations,
Human Rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...
,
Energy Security Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption (as opposed to household energy insecurity). Access to cheaper energy has become essential to the functioning of modern ...
, and Global Issues.United States Department of State
/ref>


Schedule

A schedule for the dialogue pertaining to the Strategic and Economic Track was arranged in advance and released by the
U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs o ...
and the
U.S. Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current U.S. government departments. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and ...
respectively.


July 27

*S&ED Family Photo *S&ED Opening Ceremony *Plenary Presentations of the S&ED *Two-on-Two Meeting of the S&ED *Plenary Luncheon for the S&ED *Economic Track Family Photo *Economic Track Principals Meeting *Strategic Track Session I on Bilateral Relations *Clinton and Dai Private Meeting *Banquet Dinner for Participants of the S&ED hosted by Clinton


July 28

*Strategic Track Family Photo *Strategic Track Session II on Global Issues *Economic Track Opening Session * MOU Signing *Strategic Track Discussion III *Strategic Track Luncheon hosted by Clinton *S&ED Co-Leads Meeting with President Obama at the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest (Washington, D.C.), NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president ...
*S&ED Principals Meeting with President Obama at the White House *U.S.–China Closing Statements *U.S. Press Conference *China Press Conference * U.S.–China Business Council and National Committee on U.S.–China Relations Dinner


Participants

The first Dialogue provided an opportunity not only for the four co-chairs, Secretary of State Clinton and Secretary of the Treasury Geithner, Vice Premier Wang Qishan, and State Councilor Dai, but also for over 20 officials of Cabinet-rank from each side to meet face-to-face and to discuss a range of substantive issues.


Economic Track

As special representatives of President Barack Obama and President Hu Jintao, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan were joined by many high-level officials for the Economic Track. On the U.S. side, they were joined by the following Cabinet members and other senior officials: * Secretary of Agriculture Thomas Vilsack * Secretary of Labor
Hilda Solis Hilda Lucia Solis (; born October 20, 1957) is an American politician and a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 1st district. Solis previously served as the 25th United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013, as pa ...
* Secretary of Transportation Raymond LaHood * Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors
Christina Romer Christina Duckworth Romer (née Duckworth; born December 25, 1958) is the Class of 1957 Garff B. Wilson Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley and a former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Presidency of Ba ...
* Director of Office of Management and Budget
Peter Orszag Peter Richard Orszag (born December 16, 1968) is an American business executive and former government official. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of Lazard. Announced as Lazard's incoming CEO on May 26, 2023, he assumed the r ...
* U.S. Trade Representative Ronald Kirk * Director of the National Economic Council and Assistant to the President for Economic Policy
Lawrence Summers Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 and as the director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to 2010. He also served as presiden ...
* Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist who served as the 14th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. After leaving the Federal Reserve, he was appointed a distinguished fellow at the Brookings Insti ...
* Chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Sheila Bair Sheila Colleen Bair (born April 3, 1954) is an American former government official who was the 19th Chair of the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) from 2006 to 2011, during which time she shortly after taking charge of the FDIC i ...
* Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Mary Schapiro Mary Lovelace Schapiro (born June 19, 1955) served as the 29th Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). She was appointed by Presidency of Barack Obama, President Barack Obama, unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, and assum ...
* Chairman of Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Gary Gensler Gary Scott Gensler (born October 18, 1957) is an American former government official and former investment banker who served as the chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2021 to 2025. Gensler previously worked for Goldm ...
* Chairman and President of the Export-Import Bank Fred Hochberg On the Chinese side, they were joined by the following Ministers and other senior officials: * Minister of Finance Xie Xuren * Governor of the People's Bank of China
Zhou Xiaochuan Zhou Xiaochuan (; born 29 January 1948) is a Chinese economist. Zhou served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2002 to 2018. Zhou previously served as vice governor of the People's Bank of China, director of the State Adminis ...
* Chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission Liu Mingkang * Chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission Chairman Shang Fulin * Chinese Ambassador to the United States Zhou Wenzhong * Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council Bi Jingquan * Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs He Yafei * Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Xiaoqiang * Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security Wang Xiaochu * Vice Minister of Transport Weng Mengyong * Vice Minister of Agriculture Niu Dun * Vice Minister of Commerce Ma Xiuhong * Vice Minister of Health Yin Li * Vice Chairman of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Li Kemu * President of the Export-Import Bank of China Li Ruogu


Second round meetings

The meetings for the second round of the dialogue took place on May 24–25, 2010 in
Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...
. Chinese President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
gave a speech on the opening ceremony in the
Great Hall of the People The Great Hall of the People is a state building situated to the west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It is used for legislative and ceremonial activities by the government of the People's Republic of China. The People's Great Hall functions as ...
. The dialogue was co-chaired by
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
,
Timothy Geithner Timothy Franz Geithner (; born August 18, 1961) is an American former central banker who served as the 75th United States secretary of the treasury under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. He was the President of the Federal Reserve Bank o ...
,
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
and Dai Bingguo. Before the dialogue, Hillary Clinton wrote an op-ed in the
Global Times The ''Global Times'' is a daily Chinese Tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid under the auspices of the Chinese Communist Party's flagship newspaper, the ''People's Daily'', commenting on international issues from a Chinese nationalistic pers ...
. Chinese Finance Minister Xie Xuren wrote a piece in the
Washington Post ''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington m ...
.


Highlights


Strategic Track

The Strategic Track resulted in 26 concrete outcomes.


Participants

Over 200 senior U.S. officials arrived in Beijing for the meeting and a large delegation from China also participated. 15-18 U.S. cabinet officials and agency heads participated making it one of the largest U.S. delegation to travel to a foreign country.


Economic Track

As special representatives of President Barack Obama and President Hu Jintao, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan were joined by many high-level officials for the Economic Track. U.S. Participants: * Secretary of the Treasury Tim Geithner * U.S. Ambassador to China Jon Huntsman * Secretary of Commerce Gary F. Locke * Secretary of Health and Human Services
Kathleen Sebelius Kathleen Sebelius (; née Gilligan, born May 15, 1948) is an American politician who served as the 21st United States secretary of health and human services from 2009 until 2014. As Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was instrumenta ...
* U.S. Trade Representative Ronald Kirk * Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors
Christina Romer Christina Duckworth Romer (née Duckworth; born December 25, 1958) is the Class of 1957 Garff B. Wilson Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley and a former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Presidency of Ba ...
* Director of the Office of Science & Technology Policy John P. Holdren * Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist who served as the 14th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. After leaving the Federal Reserve, he was appointed a distinguished fellow at the Brookings Insti ...
* President of the U.S. Export-Import Bank Fred P. Hochberg * Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Sheila C. Bair * Director of the U.S. Trade & Development Agency Leocadia Zak * Administrator of the Energy Information Administration Richard Newell * Under Secretary for International Affairs of the Department of Treasury Lael Brainard * Under Secretary for Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs of the Department of State Robert D. Hormats * Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services of the Department of Agriculture Jim Miller * Special Assistant to the President for International Economics and Senior Director of the National Security Council
David Lipton David Lipton (born November 9, 1953) is an American economist who served as the Acting Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from July 2, 2019, following Christine Lagarde's nomination as President of the European Central Bank, unti ...
* Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs, Department of Labor Sandra Polaski * Assistant Secretary for Policy and International Affairs, Department of Energy David B. Sandalow * Director of the Office of International Affairs of the Securities and Exchange Commission Ethiopis Tafara * Director of the Office of International Affairs of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Jacqueline Mesa * Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of Transportation Susan McDermott * Department of Justice Antitrust Division Economics Director of Enforcement Kenneth Heyer * Iowa State Insurance Commissioner Susan Voss Chinese Participants: * Vice Premier
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
* Minister of Finance Xie Xuren * Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Ping * Minister of Commerce
Chen Deming Chen Deming (; born 1949) is a Chinese former politician and President of Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits of the People's Republic of China. Early life Chen was born in Shanghai in 1949. He went on to receive a Bachelor's De ...
* Minister of Health
Chen Zhu Chen Zhu (; born August 17, 1953) is a Chinese hematologist and molecular biologist who has served as the president of the Red Cross Society of China from 2015 to 2024. He previously served as vice chairman of the National People's Congress S ...
* Governor of the People's Bank of China
Zhou Xiaochuan Zhou Xiaochuan (; born 29 January 1948) is a Chinese economist. Zhou served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2002 to 2018. Zhou previously served as vice governor of the People's Bank of China, director of the State Adminis ...
* Minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine Wang Yong * Chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission Liu Mingkang * Chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission Shang Fulin * Chairman of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Wu Dingfu * Chinese Ambassador to the United States
Zhang Yesui Zhang Yesui (; born October 1953) is a Chinese diplomat who served as the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary for the People's Republic of China. He was formerly the Chinese Ambassador to the Unite ...
* Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council Bi Jingquan * Vice Minister of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs Leiu He * Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs
Cui Tiankai Cui Tiankai (; born October 1952) is a Chinese diplomat and was the longest-serving Chinese Ambassador to the United States, a role he filled from April 2013 to June 2021. Early life and education In 1952, Cui was born in Shanghai, China. He ...
* Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Xiaoqiang * Vice Minister of Science and Technology Cao Jianlin * Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology Lou Qinjian * Vice Minister of Finance Zhu Guangyao * Vice Minister of Transport Xu Zuyuan * Vice Minister of Agriculture Niu Dun * Deputy Governor of the People's Bank of China
Yi Gang Yi Gang () (born 5 March 1958) is a Chinese economist who served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2018 to 2023, vice governor of the People's Bank of China from 2007 to 2018, director of the State Administration of Foreign Ex ...
* Vice Minister of the General Administration of Customs Sun Yibiao * Vice Minister of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council Yuan Shuhong * President of the Export-Import Bank of China Li Ruogu


Third round meetings

The third round the third round of China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue (SED) were held from May 9 to 10, 2011 in Washington, US. Vice Premier
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
and State Councilor Dai Bingguo who are special representatives of Chinese President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
and Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
and
Treasury Secretary The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
Timothy Geithner who are special representative of US President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...
co-chaired the SED and delivered speeches respectively. US Vice President
Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice p ...
also addressed the SED. Officials from more than 20 Chinese government agencies also participated in the dialogue, including the Foreign Ministry, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce and the People's Bank of China.


Important Addresses

Vice Premier
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
said in his speech that History and reality both have shown and future will ultimately prove that no difficulty can ever stop the trend of cooperation between China and the US, in which we are full of confidence. Such confidence comes from the wide common interest between the two countries, from the common aspiration of the Chinese and the US people and from historic and philosophic thoughts. The two sides should take the opportunity of this round of SED to carefully implement the important consensus reached between the two heads of state, comprehensively deepen cooperation in the fields of trade and economy, investment, finance and infrastructure and boost the strong, sustained and balanced growth of their own economy and the world economy at large. State Councilor Dai Bingguo said that China and the US launched the " ping pong diplomacy" 40 years ago and Dr.
Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923 – November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 56th United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and the 7th National Security Advisor (United States), natio ...
paid a secret visit to China. The aspiration of friendship between the Chinese and the US people and the determination and courage of politicians of the two countries converged into an irresistible historical trend and opened the door of China-US relations which had been closed for more than 20 years. Since then, there has been no force in the world capable of closing that door again. China-US relations stand at an equally critical historic moment at present. President Hu and President Obama, when meeting in Washington in January this year, agreed to establish and develop the cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, pointing out the direction for the future development of bilateral ties. History is proving and will continue to prove that this critical decision with historical significance complies with the trend of history and will benefit the Chinese and the US people and the entire mankind. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
said that the third round of SED aims at strengthening the bilateral understanding and trust, in particular understanding each other's strategic purpose and common interest, avoiding misunderstanding and wrong judgment. The way the US and China jointly address regional and international challenges will determine the future of US-China relations as well as prosperity and peace in the world. The two countries should join hands to push forward their cooperative partnership.
Treasury Secretary The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
Timothy Geithner said that the world economy was suffering from the heavy impact of financial crisis when the SED was initiated two years ago. With the concerted efforts of the US and China, the world has successfully stepped out of the crisis and resumed growth. But the US and China still face challenges. The US needs to consolidate the foundation of future economic growth, improve education, encourage innovation, increase investment and conduct financial reform. China needs to build a new growth mode, expand domestic demand and improve its market economy and financial system. The reforms of the US and China do not have any conflict but can help each other. The cooperation between the US and China is critical to the health and stability of the global economy and the two countries should cope with challenges together.


Highlights


U.S.-China Comprehensive Framework for Promoting Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth and Economic Cooperation

A framework of comprehensive economic cooperation (the Framework) was elaborated in the third round of S&ED. The United States and China affirm that both countries will, based on common interest, promote more extensive economic cooperation, from a strategic, long-term, and overarching perspective, to work together to build a comprehensive and mutually beneficial economic partnership, add to prosperity and welfare in the two countries, and achieve strong, sustainable, and balanced growth of the world economy.


=Outline of the Framework

= I. Principles (Clause 1–4) II. Deepen Macroeconomic Cooperation (Clause 5–7) Both countries recognize the fundamental consistency between their goals to promote strong, sustainable, and balanced growth, and commit to further strengthen macroeconomic-policy communication and coordination. III. Develop a More Balanced Trade and Investment Relationship(Clause 8–13) The two countries recognize the importance of open trade and investment for promoting innovation, creating jobs, and boosting incomes and economic growth. The United States and China are committed to further expanding bilateral trade and investment, fostering more open trade and investment globally, and fighting against trade and investment protectionism. IV. Deepen Cooperation in the Financial Sector (Clause 14–15) The two countries pledge to further deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation on financial sector development, investment, regulation, and supervision, and cooperate to support flows of productive capital into, and the efficiency and stability of, financial markets of both countries. V. Strengthen Regional and International Economic Cooperation (Clause 16–20)


The Strategic Track

The two sides commented positively on the progress in U.S.-China relations since President
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
’s state visit to the United States in January 2011, reaffirmed their commitment to the January 19, 2011 U.S.-China Joint Statement, and in accordance with the Joint Statement, committed to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust and work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. The discussions produced 48 specific outcomes.


=Important Outcomes of the Strategic Track

= I. Promoting High-level Exchanges (Outcome 1) 1. Decided to work together to make thorough preparations for bilateral high-level exchanges in coming months. Both Presidents look forward to meeting again this year. The two sides decided that upcoming meetings such as the
G20 The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stabil ...
Summit, the East Asia Summit, and the U.S. - hosted
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC ) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economy , economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of Association of Southeast Asia ...
Leaders’ meeting provide further opportunities for high-level engagement. China welcomed Vice President Biden's upcoming visit to China. The United States welcomed a subsequent visit by Vice President
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping, pronounced (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China), chairman of the Central Military Commission ...
. II. Bilateral Dialogues and Consultations (Outcome 2–17) ...... 3. Acknowledged that the two sides share a wide range of common interests with a shared goal of maintaining peace, stability, and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region, and decided to establish a U.S.-China consultation on the Asia-Pacific. The two sides intend to hold the first round at the earliest time this year. ...... 7. Before the next round of the S&ED, decided to hold a new round of sub-dialogues on: policy planning, Africa, Latin America, South Asia and Central Asia, and to enhance bilateral coordination and cooperation on regional and international issues. ...... III. Addressing Regional and Global Challenges (Outcome 18–19) IV. Enhancing U.S.-China Bilateral Cooperation (Outcome 20–30) 20. Decided to further deepen ongoing cooperation to combat corruption, including bribery of public officials, through bilateral and multilateral fora, including the U.S.-China Joint Liaison Group on Law Enforcement Cooperation (JLG), the
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC ) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economy , economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of Association of Southeast Asia ...
Anticorruption and Transparency Experts Working Group, the G20 Anticorruption Working Group, the United Nations Anticorruption Convention as well as other multilateral frameworks. China expressed support for the APEC Anticorruption Task Force meetings to be hosted by the United States during its chairmanship of APEC 2011. ...... 24. Continue to periodically exchange visits of maritime officials and welcome visits of each other's maritime law enforcement vessels. The U.S. Coast Guard's Pacific Area Commander, Vice Admiral Manson Brown, intends to visit China May 29 to June 4 and meet with representatives of several Chinese agencies supporting maritime governance. ...... V. Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment (Outcome 31–43) VI. Documents to be Signed and/or Renewed (Outcome 44–48) 47. Signed the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Cooperation in Law Enforcement Matters between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the International Cooperation Department of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security. VII. Breakout Sessions and Other Meetings Held breakout sessions on UN peacekeeping, Sudan, law enforcement cooperation, climate change, de-mining and conventional weapons destruction, as well as electronics stewardship, and conducted a series of bilateral meetings between senior officials on a broad range of issues covering the entire strategic track of the U.S.-China relationship.


The Economic Track


=Participants in the Economic Track of the Third Strategic and Economic Dialogue

= U.S. Participants: 1. Timothy F. Geithner, Secretary of the Treasury 2. Thomas Vilsack, Secretary of Agriculture 3. Gary F. Locke, Secretary of Commerce 4. Hilda L. Solis, Secretary of Labor 5. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy 6. Jacob J. Lew, Director of the Office of Management and Budget 7. Ronald Kirk, U.S. Trade Representative 8. Austen Goolsbee, chair, Council of Economic Advisors 9. John P. Holdren, Director, Office of Science & Technology Policy 10. Gene Sperling, Director of the National Economic Council 11. Ron Bloom, Assistant to the President for Manufacturing Policy 12. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve 13. Sheila C. Bair, Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 14. Mary Schapiro, Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission 15. Gary Gensler, Chairman of Commodity and Futures Trading Commission 16. Fred P. Hochberg, President of the U.S. Export-Import Bank 17. Leocadia Zak, Director, U.S. Trade & Development Agency 18. Lael Brainard, Department of Treasury, Under Secretary for International Affairs 19. Demetrios Marantis, Deputy United States Trade Representative 20.
Robert Hormats Robert David "Bob" Hormats (born April 13, 1943, in Baltimore, Maryland) is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment (at the time, entitled U ...
, Department of State, Under Secretary for Economic, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs 21. Francisco Sanchez, Department of Commerce, Under Secretary for International Trade 22. Eric Hirschhorn, Department of Commerce, Under Secretary, Bureau of Industry and Security 23. Sandra Polaski, Deputy Under Secretary, Department of Labor 24. Charles Collyns, Department of Treasury, Assistant Secretary for International Finance 25. David Sandalow, Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs 26. Mike Froman, Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs 27. David Lipton, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for International Economic Affairs, NSC 28. Chris Ledoux, Federal Insurance Office, Acting Director 29. Susan Voss, Iowa State Insurance Commissioner Chinese Participants: 1. Vice Premier
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the governor ...
2. Minister of Finance Xie Xuren 3. Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang 4. Minister of Commerce Chen Deming 5. Governor of the People's Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan 6. Chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission Liu Mingkang 7. Chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission Shang Fulin 8. Chairman of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Wu Dingfu 9. Chinese Ambassador to the United States Zhang Yesui 10. Vice Secretary General of State Council Bi Jingquan 11. Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Cui Tiankai 12. Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Xiaoqiang 13. Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission Liu Tienan 14. Vice Minister of Finance Zhu Guangyao 15. Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security Wang Xiaochu 16. Vice Minister of Railways Wang Zhiguo 17. Vice Minister of Agriculture Niu Dun 18. Vice Minister of Health Yin Li 19. Deputy Governor of the People's Bank of China Yi Gang 20. Vice Chairman of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission Huang Shuhe 21. Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Zhu Hongren 22. Director-General of the Department of Secretary and Administration of State Council Legislative Affairs Office Hu Keming


=Joint U.S.-China Economic Track Fact Sheet (Excerpt)

= I. Promoting Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth ...... In order to promote a more balanced trade relationship, China will continue to take steps to expand domestic consumption and imports in accordance with the 12th Five-Year Plan; and the United States will increase domestic savings and exports, including through the National Export Initiative. China takes promotion of employment as the priority objective for economic development, and strives to achieve full employment. China strives to raise the proportion of residents’ income in gross national income, increase the proportion of wages in the primary income distribution, and realize the increase of people's income in line with economic development and the increase of workers’ pay in line with gains in labor productivity. China's minimum wage has steadily increased in recent years and will continue to do so in the future. China will raise the ratio of services value-added to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by four percentage points over the next five years, with measures to develop the services sector including expanding areas open to foreign involvement, encouraging and guiding a variety of categories of capital into the services sector, and actively developing services enterprises with diversified forms of ownership. The U.S. economy is rebalancing toward
sustainable growth Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.United Nations General Assembly (1987)''Report of th ...
, emphasizing higher domestic savings, a commitment to improving long-term
fiscal sustainability Fiscal sustainability, or public finance sustainability, is the ability of a government to sustain its current spending, tax and other policies in the long run without threatening government solvency or defaulting on some of its liabilities or promi ...
and productivity-enhancing investments. The personal savings rate was 5.8 percent in 2010, which is the highest rate since 1993 and well above the 2.7 percent average between 2000 and 2007. Thus, much of the transition on the private side to higher saving has already taken place. To increase public saving, the President's Budget freezes discretionary spending for five years, freezes government salaries for two years, and brings the deficit to three percent of GDP by the second half of this decade – a path consistent with the Administration's commitments to cut the deficit in half by 2013, and to stabilize or reduce the national debt as a share of the economy. To lay the foundation for future growth, including through greater U.S. exports, the United States will increase and improve investment in innovation, infrastructure, and education. ...... The two countries reiterate their support for the G-20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable, and Balanced Growth, and reaffirm their commitments to improve the living standards of our citizens through strong economic and jobs growth, and use the full range of policies required to strengthen the global recovery and to reduce excessive external imbalances and maintain current account imbalances at sustainable levels. The two sides support a bigger role for the G-20 in international economic and financial affairs, and pledge to strengthen communication and coordination to follow through on the commitments of the G-20 summits and push for positive outcomes at the Cannes summit in November. ...... II. Strengthening Financial Systems and Improving Financial Supervision The two countries reaffirmed their commitment to deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation on financial sector investment and regulation, in order to enhance global regulation, establish stronger international coordination to prevent future crises, and ensure a level playing field. Recognizing the positive contributions that financial institutions from each country can play, the two sides pledged to support open environments for investment in financial services and cross-border portfolio investment, consistent with prudential and national security requirements. The United States and China commit to further promote and strengthen financial sector reform. Following the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act, the United States is implementing comprehensive financial reform that better serves households, workers, entrepreneurs, and businesses by reducing systemic risk, raising prudential standards, establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for derivatives, ending the problem of "too big to fail" financial institutions, creating a Federal Insurance Office, and ensuring robust consumer financial protection. China will continue to deepen the reform of its financial system, which has supported the process of transforming its economic development model, developing a financial system that consists of diverse institutions, provides efficient service, controls risks, and encourages financial innovation. China will increase the use of direct financing channels, including stocks, bonds and private equity, to better satisfy the diverse demands in its economy for investment capital and financing. In accordance with the medium- and long-term development perspectives, China will push forward the market-based reform of interest rates. ...... The United States and China committed to further strengthen their respective financial systems against money laundering, counterfeiting,
terrorism financing Terrorism financing is the provision of funds or providing financial support to individual terrorists or non-state actors. Most countries have implemented measures to counter terrorism financing (CTF) often as part of their money laundering law ...
, and WMD proliferation financing activities. China will continue to develop and strengthen its regulatory framework for freezing terrorist assets. The two countries will continue to enhance both policy and operational cooperation on combating illicit finance. The two countries will also continue to work collaboratively in the freezing, seizing, and forfeiture of criminal proceeds. Both countries seek to rely on bilateral mutual legal assistance to implement forfeiture orders, and seek to avoid unilateral enforcement action of forfeiture orders to the extent possible. III. Enhancing Trade and Investment Cooperation The two countries, recognizing the importance of open trade and investment in fostering economic growth, job creation, innovation, and prosperity, re-affirmed their commitment to take further steps to liberalize global trade and investment, and to oppose all forms of trade and investment protectionism. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner. China will take stock of the results of the Special Campaign against IPR Infringement and Fake and Shoddy Products (Special Campaign), and improve on the high-level, long-term mechanism of IPR protection and enforcement, building on the Special Campaign currently in place. China will strengthen the government inspection mechanism so as to make sure that the software being used by the government agencies at all levels is legitimate. China and the United States will strengthen cooperation in the JCCT IPR Working Group on software legalization. ...... China and the United States reaffirm their prior SED outcomes on transparency. The United States welcomes China's statement that it will issue a measure in 2011, to implement the requirement to publish all proposed trade- and economic-related administrative regulations and departmental rules on the SCLAO website for a public comment period of not less than 30 days from the date of publication, except as specified in China's Protocol of Accession to the WTO or in public emergency situations. China will steadily increase its solicitation of public opinions on regulatory documents with a direct influence on the rights and obligations of citizens, legal persons, or other organizations. China welcomes the United States’ commitment to implement measures in 2011, to enhance regulatory transparency, including by taking steps to ensure the online publication of the text of proposed regulations, as well as supporting technical and scientific information, at www.Regulations.gov for a public comment period of 60 days, and the United States’ decision to strengthen the Office of Management and Budget's participation in the ongoing Transparency Dialogue. ...... The United States and China agree on the importance of fostering an open, transparent and predictable investment climate. The United States and China affirm that the enforcement policies of their national competition agencies are not to discriminate on the basis of nationality. ...... The Civil Aviation Authorities of the United States and China will strengthen communication and cooperation in the field of aircraft airworthiness certification, through currently established channels, in order to promote reciprocal acceptance of civil transport category airplanes.


Fourth round meetings

The fourth round of meetings took place on May 3–4, 2012 in Beijing.


Fifth round meetings

The fifth round of meetings took place on July 10–11, 2013, in Washington, D.C.''U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue Outcomes of the Strategic Track,'' State Department, Office of the Spokesperson, Media Note, July 12, 2013, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/07/211861.htm


Sixth round meetings

The sixth round of meetings took place on July 9–10, 2014 in Beijing.


Seventh round

The seventh round of meetings took place between U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew and Vice-Premier Wang Yang on June 23–24, 2015 in Washington, D.C.


Eighth round

The eight round of meetings took place between U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew and Vice-Premier Wang Yang on June 6–7, 2016 in Beijing.


See also

* China-United States relations * Group of Two *
Strategic Economic Dialogue The Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) was a framework for the United States and the People's Republic of China to discuss topics related to economic relations between them. The SED was initiated in 2006 by President George W. Bush and President Hu ...
*
Senior Dialogue The U.S.-China Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) was a regular, high-level strategic dialogue between the United States and the People's Republic of China. The Senior Dialogue has been upgraded to the strategic track ...


References


External links


The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue: Continuity and Change in Obama’s China Policy

CSIS: The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue

A New Strategic and Economic Dialogue with China
{{DEFAULTSORT:U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue China–United States economic relations 2009 in China 2009 in American politics 21st-century diplomatic conferences