Tsiolkovskiy (crater)

Tsiolkovskiy is a large lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. Named for Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, it lies in the southern hemisphere, to the west of the large crater Gagarin, and northwest of Milne. Just to the south is Waterman, with Neujmin to the south-southwest. The crater protrudes into the neighbouring Fermi, an older crater of comparable size that does not have a lava-flooded floor.

Characteristics

Tsiolkovskiy is one of the most prominent features on the far side of the Moon. It possesses high, terraced inner walls and a well-formed central peak, which rises over 3200 m above the floor of the crater. The floor is unusual for a crater on the far side, as it is covered by the dark-hued mare that is characteristic of the maria found on the near side. The distribution of the mare material is not symmetrical across the floor, but is instead more heavily concentrated to the east and south. There is also a protruding bay of darker material that reaches the wall to the west-northwest. The remainder of the floor has the same albedo as the terrain surrounding the crater.

A row of small craters in Mendeleev crater far to the northeast are called Catena Mendeleev, and the row points directly at Tsiolkovsky. For this reason the craters are believed to be secondaries from the Tsiolkovsky impact.The geologic history of the Moon, 1987, Wilhelms, Don E.; with sections by McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. USGS Professional Paper: 1348. Figure 9.26 B
online

This feature was discovered on photographs sent back by the Russian spacecraft Luna 3, and was subsequently imaged by several of the American Lunar Orbiters and then by Apollo astronauts.

Apollo 17 Astronaut Harrison "Jack" Schmitt and other scientists (Schmitt was the only trained scientist, a geologist, to walk on the Moon) strongly advocated Tsiolkovskiy as the landing site of Apollo 17, using small communications satellites deployed from the Command/Service Module for communication from the far side of the Moon. NASA vetoed the idea as too risky, and Apollo 17 instead landed in the Taurus–Littrow valley on December 11, 1972.

Views

File:Tsiolkovskiy crater 1136 med.jpg, Lunar Orbiter 1 image
File:Crater Tsiolkovsky - GPN-2000-001128.jpg, Apollo 8 image
File:Tsiolkovskiy peak AS15-M-0481.jpg, Apollo 15 mapping camera image of the central peak
File:Tsiolkovskiy crater Apollo 15.jpg, Another oblique view from Apollo 15
File:AS17-M-1581.jpg, Oblique view from Apollo 17, facing south
File:Tsiolkovskiy crater Apollo 17 mosaic.jpg, Mosaic of Apollo 17 mapping camera images, while Tsiolkovskiy was at the terminator

Satellite craters

200px, Map
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Tsiolkovskiy.

See also

* 1590 Tsiolkovskaja, asteroid

References

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External links

* The following L&PI topographic maps show portions of the Tsiolkovskiy crater:
:

High resolution lunar overflight video
by Seán Doran, based on LRO data, that passes near Tsiolkovskiy about two thirds of the way through (se
album
for more); a longer version is o
YouTube
* The crater is also seen shortly after the 1:00 minute mark i
this NASA video
commemorating Apollo 13

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Impact craters on the Moon
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