Taja Kramberger
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Taja Kramberger (born 11 September 1970) is a Slovenian
poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or writte ...
,
translator Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...
,
essayist An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal a ...
and historical
anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
from
Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
. She lives in France.


Biography


Early life and education

Kramberger was born in
Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
, Slovenia. Kramberger spent her childhood (between the ages of four and eleven) at the seaside – in the bilingual old-Venetian town of
Koper Koper (; it, Capodistria, hr, Kopar) is the fifth largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, approximately five kilometres () south of the border with Italy and 20 kilometres () from Triest ...
-Capodistria near
Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
. She finished four years of primary school there ( Pinko Tomažič), and then moved with family to
Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
. There she completed primary and secondary school at Gimnazija Bežigrad. Kramberger completed undergraduate studies in history at the
University of Ljubljana The University of Ljubljana ( sl, Univerza v Ljubljani, , la, Universitas Labacensis), often referred to as UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 39,000 enrolled students. History Beginnings Although certain ...
, where she also studied archaeology, abandoning this latter when she became engaged in the literary field (1995). She enrolled postgraduate history studies in 1997 and was from then on until 2010 (when a university purge of critical intellectuals was executed at the University of Primorska) a steady and active member of the university research, editorial and pedagogical circles in Slovenia. She obtained her PhD in 2009 in history/historical anthropology at the
University of Primorska University of Primorska (Slovenian ''Univerza na Primorskem'', Italian ''Università del Litorale'') is by age and size the third university in Slovenia. It is located in Koper, Izola, and Portorož and is named for the Slovenian Littoral region ...
with a thesis entitled ''Memory and Remembrance. Historical Anthropology of the Canonized Reception''.


Academic career

Kramberger took a position as a postgraduate young researcher at the Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis (ISH) in Ljubljana. There she founded the anthropological journal ''Monitor ISH'' which was later in 2004 appropriated by others at the ISH, though the journal and its founding editorial board continued to publish the journal under the name ''Monitor ZSA'' outside the institution. After the transition changes, when lucrative and socially applicable science was placed in the first plan at the ISH, she has – among a dozen others – left the institution (2004), and moved with Rotar to Koper-Capodistria, where a new University of Primorska has begun. There Kramberger, together with Rotar, established the historical anthropology program from undergraduate to postgraduate level in the Department of Anthropology. The program was accredited by the state and worked really well, as both teachers were liked by the students, and their classrooms always full, until the university purge in 2010. Beside in literature and historical anthropology Kramberger continues to be engaged in civil actions and confrontations against clientelism and
corruption Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is undertaken by a person or an organization which is entrusted in a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's personal gain. Corruption m ...
in the scientific domain in Slovenia. In May 2000, together with Sabina Mihelj, she co-directed a large public manifestation with cultural program in Ljubljana against the corrupted politics of the Ministry of Science and Technology. In 2004 she fought against the illegal takeover of the institution ISH and insisted on publishing all crucial documents, personal testimonies of the takeover as well as reflections of the events from the perspective of the people who finally left the ISH from indignation with their ex-colleagues. In 2010 she again was an active militant against the total neoliberalization, venalization and degradation of the
university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
as an autonomous institution and against the decomposition of its fundamental scientific disciplines at the Faculty of Human Sciences Koper, University of Primorska. The same regressive social changes occurred simultaneously also in the literary field in Slovenia. In 2004 writer and translator
Iztok Osojnik Iztok Osojnik (born 27 July 1951) is a Slovene poet and essayist. Between 1997 and 2004 he was the director of the Vilenica International Literary Festival organized by the Slovene Writers' Association. Osojnik was born in Ljubljana in 1951. H ...
, as a director of the Vilenica International Literary Festival, was ousted from the position of Vilenica's director of the
Slovene Writers' Association The Slovene Writers' Association ( sl, Društvo slovenskih pisateljev) is a non-profit association of Slovene writers based in Ljubljana. The association was founded on 21 April 1872 in Ljubljana at the initiative of Davorin Trstenjak who also be ...
(SWA). She was among the tiny minority who supported him against mostly state-implemented and state-maintained elite and all-regime-supported writers and authors. Meanwhile the majority of writers remained quiet – also around two then ardently debated subjects of growing nationalism and humiliation of women writers and translators in the frames of the SWA. After that Kramberger distanced herself from the SWA network. She writes and translates literature by her own vocation and ethical standards. Since living in France (from 2012) she also stepped out of the SWA with an
open letter An open letter is a Letter (message), letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally. Open letters usually take the form of a letter (mess ...
in December 2014 (denied by all Slovene mass-media and suppressed by the president of the SWA) representing only herself and her ''apatrid chair'' in Paris. As she writes in one of her poems: ''Nothing remains./ But life is still here,/ and it speaks the guerrilla alphabet. (...) I am without home,/ I belong to / the invisible community of the banished./ Remove the ethnic adjective / from my name.'' She was an initiator and for ten years editor-in-chief of ''Monitor ISH-Review of Humanities and Social Sciences'' (2001–2003), in 2004 renamed to ''Monitor ZSA-Review for Historical, Social and Other Anthropologies'' (2004–2010). Between 2004 and 2007 she was president of the TROPOS-Association for Historical, Social and Other Anthropologies and for Cultural Activities (Ljubljana, Slovenia). She publishes monographs in the areas of
epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Episte ...
of social sciences and
historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians ha ...
,
history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
and
historical anthropology Historical anthropology is a historiographical movement which applies methodologies and objectives from social and cultural anthropology to the study of historical societies. Like most such movements, it is understood in different ways by differe ...
of various subjects for the period from the 18th to mid-20th centuries. She is also an internationally acclaimed writer. Kramberger writes literary books, literary studies and
essay An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal a ...
s. She translates texts from all these fields from English, French, Italian, and Spanish into Slovenian. Kramberger earned scientific and literary fellowships abroad at the
École des hautes études en sciences sociales The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (french: École des hautes études en sciences sociales; EHESS) is a graduate ''grande école'' and '' grand établissement'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The ...
and in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, at in
Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
, from in
Ottensheim Ottensheim is a municipality in the district of Urfahr-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. In July 2008 it hosted the World Rowing Championships, and it did so again in 2019. History First settlements in this area date from about 4 ...
,
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
, from in
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. She also publishes scientific and literary articles, essays and translations. She participates in international scientific and literary conferences, research projects, and is a member of professional associations and organizations. Kramberger has helped to organize international conferences, for example ''Territorial and Imaginary Frontiers and Identities from Antiquity until Today'', ''accent on Balkans'' (2002 in Ljubljana) and the international scientific conference of the Francophonie (AUF) titled ''/History of Oblivion'' (2008 in Koper). Her research fields are:
epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Episte ...
of
historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians ha ...
and
social science Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soc ...
s,
historical anthropology Historical anthropology is a historiographical movement which applies methodologies and objectives from social and cultural anthropology to the study of historical societies. Like most such movements, it is understood in different ways by differe ...
, contemporary history from the Enlightenment to the mid-20th century, transmission and
politics of memory Politics of memory is the organisation of collective memory by political agents; the political means by which events are remembered and recorded, or discarded. Eventually, politics of memory may determine the way history is written and passed on, he ...
/oblivion,
intellectual history Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas. The investigative premise of intellectual histor ...
and cultural transfers in
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
,
anti-intellectualism Anti-intellectualism is hostility to and mistrust of intellect, intellectuals, and intellectualism, commonly expressed as deprecation of education and philosophy and the dismissal of art, literature, and science as impractical, politically mo ...
, dimensions and representations of the
Dreyfus Affair The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...
in Slovenian social space and in Trieste, mechanisms of
social exclusion Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. It is used across discipline ...
, extermination,
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Latin ...
and Shoah/
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
studies,
anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...
of sex and
gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures u ...
, constitution of (national and transnational) literary fields in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, studies of
province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
and
provincialism Parochialism is the state of mind, whereby one focuses on small sections of an issue rather than considering its wider context. More generally, it consists of being narrow in scope. In that respect, it is a synonym of "provincialism". It may, pa ...
as a specific socio-historical
phenomenon A phenomenon ( : phenomena) is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which ''cannot'' be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried W ...
. Since October 2012 she has lived in France together with her husband Drago Braco Rotar, professor of sociology,
historical anthropology Historical anthropology is a historiographical movement which applies methodologies and objectives from social and cultural anthropology to the study of historical societies. Like most such movements, it is understood in different ways by differe ...
, translator and a renowned public intellectual in Slovenia and Yugoslavia – who during the 1980s and early 1900s established many key institutions in Slovenia and led them for years, including the now classical ''green'' translation edition Studia humanitatis, the first private postgraduate school ISH-Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis, Faculty of Graduate Studies in Human Sciences, where he designed and launched the program of historical anthropology).


History, historical anthropology


Conceptualization of the collective memory and its distinctions from remembrance and history

Kramberger introduced
collective memory Collective memory refers to the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire c ...
studies based on the into Slovenian universities. In 2000–2001, she taught a class entitled ''Conceptualization of the collective memory'' at the Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis in Ljubljana. It covered the conceptual differences of
Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs (; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his ''La Topographie Legendaire de ...
, Frances Amelia Yates,
Pierre Nora Pierre Nora (born 17 November 1931) is a French historian elected to the Académie française on 7 June 2001. He is known for his work on French identity and memory. His name is associated with the study of new history. He is the brother of t ...
and
Aleida Assmann Aleida Assmann (born Aleida Bornkamm, 22 March 1947) is a German professor of English and Literary Studies, who studied Egyptology and whose work has focused on cultural anthropology and Cultural and Communicative Memory. Life Born Aleida Bornk ...
. In 2000–2001, she wrote an extensive introduction to
Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs (; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his ''La Topographie Legendaire de ...
' Slovenian translation of . In this introduction, she pointed out the conceptual difference between ''memory'' () and ''remembrance'' (). The editorial board of the Slovene Halbwachs translation had unilaterally, despite both the translator ( Rotar) and the introductory writer (Kramberger) protesting, decided to translate both and into , ''which means remembrance''. Despite this, some researchers, including Marija Jurič Pahor and Samuel Friškič, were able to grasp this difference, which was also related ''memory'' and ''history''. Kramberger's works demonstrate her broad knowledge and effective arguing, which makes it hard to argue against her.


Critical reflexivity of the Slovenian historiography

Kramberger has also started with the extensive categorical critical reflexivity in the field of history in Slovenia, and has released many angry reactions in the history field, but mostly she left the historians – unable to confront their own shadows from the past – silenced. Although
polemic Polemic () is contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position. The practice of such argumentation is called ''polemics'', which are seen in arguments on controversial topics ...
, which would definitely clarify the discipline's past erratic wanderings and amnesias and an almost total theoretic oblivion in the field of history in Slovenia, is not a usual tool of scientific communication in these regions, it is nevertheless clear that Kramberger has opened (among some other researchers, such as Drago Braco Rotar,
Rastko Močnik Rastko Močnik (born 27 August 1944) is a Slovenian sociologist, psychoanalyst, literary theorist, translator and political activist. Together with Slavoj Žižek and Mladen Dolar, he is considered one of the co-founders of the Ljubljana sch ...
, Maja Breznik, Lev Centrih, Primož Krašovec, in a small, theoretically much less pertinent part also
Marta Verginella Marta Verginella (born 20 June 1960) is a Slovenian historian from the Slovene minority in Italy in Trieste, notable as one of the most prominent contemporary Slovene historians. Together with Alenka Puhar, she is considered a pioneer in the h ...
and
Oto Luthar Oto Luthar (born 11 August 1959) is a Slovenian historian. Since 1992, he has served as the director of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljubljana, the second largest research institution in Slovenia. He was ...
) an important segment of future debates, which are needed to elucidate some of the neglected and spontaneously transmitted chapters of the Slovenian (distinctly ethnocentric and Sonderweg) history.


Representations and aspects of the Dreyfus Affair in the Slovenophone World

Kramberger was also the first Slovenian historian to write about various dimensions and echoes of the
Dreyfus Affair The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...
in the Slovenian
social space A social space is physical or virtual space such as a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. Some social spaces such as town squares or parks are public places; others such as pubs, websit ...
during the affair and later. She has opened up a complex theme of
anti-Semitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
neglected and only partially elucidated in the Slovene history. She connected this exclusive phenomenon to the categories and imaginary and specific discursive practices. Introducing a research seminar at the undergraduate level, she exposed how anti-Semitic discursive formations can mobilize people and public opinion in countries with few
Jewish people Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
. She demonstrated how, even in social spaces with a scarce population of Jews, strong mechanisms of
social exclusion Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. It is used across discipline ...
nonetheless operate smoothly – often even more aggressively and viscerally than in bigger countries. In the framework of this theme she directed – together with her students in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 – an ample exhibition on the Dreyfus Affair (1894–1906), showing its entangled and differentiated European , its highly important civic extensions, and its specific reception in the continental Centro-European spaces of Slovenia and Trieste. The latter two were mostly based on spontaneous, normalized and career-promising anti-Semitism, though not at all innocuous. The exhibitions were set up and shown to the public in Koper (2008),
Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
(2009),
Maribor Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
(2010) and
Murska Sobota Murska Sobota (, Slovenian abbreviation: ''MS'' ; german: Olsnitz;''Radkersburg und Luttenberg'' (map, 1:75,000). 1894. Vienna: K.u.k. Militärgeographisches Institut. hu, Muraszombat) is a town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the centre of the ...
(2011). Kramberger has implemented many fresh intellectual ideas, pedagogical and theoretical innovations (rather bothersome for the Slovenian socio-political and 'intellectual' common sense). In addition, she has written numerous critical articles on various aspects of Slovenian history and cultural life, but also on broader European history and culture, e.g. the
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
, different models of the Enlightenment in Europe and the recurrent Enlightenment features in the works of
Anton Tomaž Linhart Anton Tomaž Linhart (December 11, 1756 – July 14, 1795) was a Carniolan playwright and historian, best known as the author of the first comedy and theatrical play in general in Slovene, ''Županova Micka'' (Micka, the Mayor's Daughter). He ...
, epistemic divergence between the Enlightenment's and Historismus's
paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. Etymology ''Paradigm'' comes f ...
s of
historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians ha ...
,
anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...
of
translation Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...
, the history of university and the formation of university habitus Habitus, literary and cultural fields
Pierre Bourdieu Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence i ...
( in the 1930s in Slovenia (by then partially covered by the administrative unit of Dravska Banovina) and on the role of
women A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or Adolescence, adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female hum ...
in the constitution of these fields, etc. For years lecturing a course on social and anthropological aspects of women's history and gender constructions, she translated
Michelle Perrot Michelle Perrot (born 18 May 1928, Paris) is a French historian, and Professor emeritus of Contemporary History at the Paris Diderot University. She won the 2009 Prix Femina Essai. Life She has worked on the history of labor movements, and stud ...
's classic work ''Women or the Silences of History'' into Slovenian.


Bourdieuian studies in the frames of Slovenia

Her intellectual trajectory is partly connected to the Bourdieuian perspective and apparatus in social sciences. She has written about Pierre Bourdieu and
Loïc Wacquant Loïc J. D. Wacquant (; born 1960) is a sociologist and social anthropologist, specializing in urban sociology, urban poverty, racial inequality, the body, social theory and ethnography. Wacquant is a Professor of Sociology and Researc ...
, translated some of their texts (as a guest editor of the journal Družboslovne razprave, no. 43, 2003), and in 2006 edited a monograph titled ''Principles of Reflexive Social Science and for a Critical Investigation of Symbolic Dominations'' () (in Slovenian, together with Drago Braco Rotar). She held lectures – among other subjects – on Bourdieuian approach, instrumentarium and methodology at the University of Primorska in Koper.


Literature


Poetry

She has published eight books of
poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ...
. Her poems have been translated in more than twenty-five languages and published in different literary journals, anthologies in Slovenia and abroad. Book selections of her poetry came out in Hungarian (, , Pécs, , 2008, ) and Croatian (, Naklada Lara, Zagreb, 2008, tr. Ksenija Premur, ). She has been an invited guest of around 100 international literary meetings and festivals in Europe (Belgium, England, Lithuania, Portugal, Croatia, Latvia, France, Hungary, Italy, Austria, Germany, Croatia, North Macedonia, France, Lithuania, Finland, Ireland, etc.) and Canada (Quebec and Ontario). Kramberger, as the committee of the
Veronika Award The Veronika Award ( sl, Veronikina nagrada) is a literary award in Slovenia awarded each year for the best Slovene language, Slovene poetry collection of the year. It has been bestowed since 1997 by the Celje, Municipality of Celje at the Veronika ...
(2007) for the best poetry collection of 2006 wrote, is one of the strongest and most accomplished poetic voices in contemporary Slovenian poetry; a voice which introduces many innovations "so in the poetic proceedings as in the audacity of the chosen subjects, but also in the courage to tell things in an intelligent and a deeply moving way, which does not follow the predominant poetry models, but supplies itself outside of them, in a everyday situations ...". Simple words, entangled with highly elaborated intellectual comprehensions – another benefit of Kramberger's poetic language, in Kramberger's poems change themselves into "multilayered compositions" and subtle messages. These are "able to reach out to the world, and are surely not here for the intimacy of the poet" and neither for sentimental grounds of the reader. And still this poetry is deeply moving, at the same moment emotionally charged and brightly intelligible, light-coloured in spite of breathtaking "gestuary of crime" denuded by Kramberger's verses, as Osojnik observed in her later poetry book in which the poet is narrating the Dreyfuss Affair through the cycle of poems (, 2009). These features, together with the poet's precious "poetically analytical mind", which is able to convert a "stale literary canon and criticism into an inspiration for the highest level of poetry", are innovations, so says the Veronika Award committee, which "give her poetry a seal of world importance and actuality" (Explanation for the Veronika Award 2007).
Jad Hatem Jad Hatem (Arab جاد حاتم; born 3 December 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Lebanese poet and philosopher. He has been a distinguished philosophy, literature and religious sciences Professor at the Saint-Joseph University in Beirut since 197 ...
, a French poet himself and a professor of philosophy and literature
Jad Hatem Jad Hatem (Arab جاد حاتم; born 3 December 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Lebanese poet and philosopher. He has been a distinguished philosophy, literature and religious sciences Professor at the Saint-Joseph University in Beirut since 197 ...
, in an original way also noticed that a privileged topos in Krambeger's poetry is her outstanding ability of a simultaneous theoretic reflection, inscribed along with the poetic thought of her poems (, 2010). From a very different angle, Slovenian poet
Iztok Osojnik Iztok Osojnik (born 27 July 1951) is a Slovene poet and essayist. Between 1997 and 2004 he was the director of the Vilenica International Literary Festival organized by the Slovene Writers' Association. Osojnik was born in Ljubljana in 1951. H ...
sees this rare privilege, that is the poet's critical ability to transform ideologically contaminated and narrow representations of reality in a poetic way into more bearable representations of reality, which bring us much closer to the core of events, as a tool of the ''
political poetry Political poetry brings together politics and poetry. According to "The Politics of Poetry"by David Orr (journalist), David Orr, poetry and politics connect through expression and feeling, although both of them are matters of persuasion. Political ...
'' in its best and noble sense (''Apokalipsa'', no. 134/135).


Translations, organizations of cultural events

Next to numerous translated poems and some prose texts of other writers published in journals, she translated into Slovene a poetry book by Italian poet Michele Obit (, ZTT EST, Trieste, 2001, ), a selection of poetry by Argentinian poet Roberto Juarroz for the book (''Vertical Poetry'' – with her introduction, ŠZ, Ljubljana, 2006, ), a book by
Gao Xingjian Gao Xingjian (高行健 in Chinese - born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese émigré and later French naturalized novelist, playwright, critic, painter, photographer, film director, and translator who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature " ...
(/''Buying a Fishing Rod for My Grandfather'', 1986–1990, from French together with Drago Braco Rotar) (Didakta, Radovljica, 2001, ), a book of poetry written by Lithuanian poet Neringa Abrutyte (, CSK, Aleph, Ljubljana, 2004, ) and a book of fairy tales for kids by Lucy Coats (/''Atticus the Storyteller'', 2004; MK, Ljubljana, 2004, reprinted in 2009, ). At the ISH – Graduate School of Humanities in Ljubljana, Kramberger arranged an exhibition place for fine arts and between 2000 and 2003 organized five exhibitions of Slovenian and of foreign figurative artists (painters, photographic artists, designers, installation artists). In 2002, Kramberger directed and coordinated an international project of poets and translators (22 from 10 countries), / ''Different Languages'' / / , in the seaside town of Ankaran near Koper in Slovenia. The project established a series of translation workshops between 1999 and 2004 in Central Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy and Austria). In 2004 the publication ''/'' ''/ Different Languages /'' in 10 languages came out of the project. It was published by the Edition Libris Koper and edited by Kramberger and Gašper Malej. Anne Talvaz, a French writer and translator, and Bulgarian translator Stefka Hrusanova have broadened the scope of the workshop and organized presentations in Spain (Barcelona) and Italy (Milan) in 2008 and 2010. Another large international project Kramberger conducted in 2006 was a Slovenian segment of the international project ''Sealines'' / / , which through one-month literary residences in six European bilingual ports (Cardiff, Galway, Helsinki, Koper, Riga, and Valletta) connected writers from six European states. The project was supported by the program
Culture 2000 Culture 2000 was a seven-year European Union (EU) programme, which had among its key objectives to preserve and enhance Europe's cultural heritage. Its duration was from 2000 to 2006, and it had a budget of €236.5 million. Culture 2000 provided ...
of the European Union, and was led by the LAF – Literature Across Frontiers office in UK, Manchester. In Slovenia it was executed by the Association Tropos and its then-president Kramberger. From 2007 to 2009, Kramberger was a president of the Collegium artium (CA) – an association of teachers and students at the Faculty of Human Sciences Koper, University of Primorska, aimed at organizing different cultural and social events at the faculty (literary readings, music concerts, theater and film performances, round tables, conferences, commemorations, exhibitions of figurative arts, other specialized exhibitions etc.). In the frames of the institution CA more than 150 cultural events took place in less than two years.


Essays, studies and criticism

Her essays and introductory studies to the other poets (Roberto Juarroz, Michele Obit, Gašper Malej) mark quite a different approach from other Slovenian literary critics. They are attentive analyses of poetic language and imaginary constellation behind it. With the essay titled (''. On the Kercopian Literary Criticism in the Slovenian Literary Field''), written with a rare combination of fine
irony Irony (), in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what on the surface appears to be the case and what is actually the case or to be expected; it is an important rhetorical device and literary technique. Irony can be categorized into ...
and piercing analytical style, on drastically unreflexive
criticism Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response. , ''"the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad q ...
in Slovenian literature she has shown how important it is for a
critic A critic is a person who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture, and food. Critics may also take as their subject social or governmen ...
to be disposable and open to the artistic work and at the same time able to produce analytical distances in relation to the work read and evaluated, and in the next step to compound both experiences into a certain perspective, which can come out as his/her own distinctive approach and a singular way of seeing things and works of
art Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. There is no generally agreed definition of wha ...
. Without that (minimal) cognitive engagement, to Kramberger there can be no artistic criticism, but only an
unconscious Unconscious may refer to: Physiology * Unconsciousness, the lack of consciousness or responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli Psychology * Unconscious mind, the mind operating well outside the attention of the conscious mind a ...
and
ritual A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or objects, performed according to a set sequence. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community. Rituals are characterized, b ...
ized activity – she calls it a ''Kercopian literary criticism'' – that is a (grinning)
mimesis Mimesis (; grc, μίμησις, ''mīmēsis'') is a term used in literary criticism and philosophy that carries a wide range of meanings, including ''imitatio'', imitation, nonsensuous similarity, receptivity, representation, mimicry, the act ...
of
common sense ''Common Sense'' is a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine collected various moral and political argu ...
and
stereotype In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example ...
s about literature and authors. In her
interview An interview is a structured conversation where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers.Merriam Webster DictionaryInterview Dictionary definition, Retrieved February 16, 2016 In common parlance, the word "interview" ...
s she talks about
cognitive dimensions Cognitive dimensions or cognitive dimensions of notations are design principles for notations, user interfaces and programming languages, described by researcher Thomas R.G. Green and further researched with Marian Petre. The dimensions can be u ...
of
literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...
and their transformational potential in a society. Transformational discourses and discursive practices, which are open to changes and interventions, as the opposite of the transformational discourses with closed semantic structure and clear signs of mental immobility are original analytical categories of her conceptualization and apparatus. In scholarly texts (cf. her article ''Doxa et fama'', 2003, her dissertation, or her interview for the journal ''Literatura'' in 2006) Kramberger further identifies ''transfirmational discourses'' as the systemic feature of the provincial mental structure, unable to subdue itself to changes and open to the external/outer world. Kramberger is among those few Slovenian writers (
Iztok Osojnik Iztok Osojnik (born 27 July 1951) is a Slovene poet and essayist. Between 1997 and 2004 he was the director of the Vilenica International Literary Festival organized by the Slovene Writers' Association. Osojnik was born in Ljubljana in 1951. H ...
, Miklavž Komelj, in a way also
Barbara Korun Barbara Korun (born 1963) is a Slovene poet. She is one of the leading figures in the generation of radical young women poets in Slovenia and her poems have also been translated into English and published in the USA and Ireland (translated by Th ...
) who are studiously oriented, and do not recognize (pure) inspiration as a sufficient cause for creative artistic work. In their artistic work there is a strong component of social sensitivity and a constant
ethic Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ma ...
al reference to attain the equilibrium of
social justice Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fu ...
.


Nominations, awards, fellowships


Literary

* September 1997: final circle nomination for the Book Fair Award for the First Literary Book * November 1998: final circle nomination for the Jenko Award * Spring 2001: Literary Fellowship of the Bibliophilic Edition Thanhäuser in Ottensheim & KulturKontakt Austria * 2005: State Fellowship (Ministry of Culture, Republic of Slovenia) for the topmost artistic achievements in Slovenia * 2007:
Veronika Award The Veronika Award ( sl, Veronikina nagrada) is a literary award in Slovenia awarded each year for the best Slovene language, Slovene poetry collection of the year. It has been bestowed since 1997 by the Celje, Municipality of Celje at the Veronika ...
, Celje (for the poetry book Everyday Conversations, 2006)


Scholarly

* 1998: Paris (École d’Automne: L’État et le Politique. Histoire et nouveaux modèles) * 1999: Paris (fellowship of the ,
EHESS The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (french: École des hautes études en sciences sociales; EHESS) is a graduate ''grande école'' and ''grand établissement'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The ...
* 2001: Budapest (in April: 4th International Winter School at Multiple Antiquities–Multiple Modernities) * 2001–2002: Paris ( MSH) * 2003: Budapest (five months junior fellow at the Collegium Budapest Institute for Advanced Study) * 2005–2006: Paris (MSH
EHESS The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (french: École des hautes études en sciences sociales; EHESS) is a graduate ''grande école'' and ''grand établissement'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The ...
)


Works


Poetry

* (''Marzipan''), 1997 (in Slovene) * (''The Sea Says''), 1999 (in Slovene) * / (''Contra-Courant''), 2001 (in German, Edition Thanhäuser, Ottensheim) * (''Velure Indigo''), 2004 (in Slovene) * ''/'/Mobilisations/'' in 2004–2005 (in Slovene, French, English, and Italian) * (''Everyday Conversations'') in 2006 (in Slovene) * in 2009 (poetic echos to the Deyfus Affair, in Slovene) * ''♣'' ''♣♣'' ''♣♣♣♣♣ni♣♣'' in 2010 (blackout poetry from a Constitution of RS and some other legal texts, in Slovene).


Literary studies, essays and criticism

* "" ("Aberrations in Slovenian Poetry: Woman and Knowledge. Some theses on reactionary revolution to which we bear witness"), Literatura, July/August 2003, vol. 15, no. 145/146, 1–9. * "" ("Poems, that you share with rain"), an introductory study to the poetry book of Gašper Malej, in: Gašper Malej, Otok, slutnje, poljub, (Zbirka Lambda, 39). Ljubljana, Škuc, 2004, 110–133. * "" ("Where there's no cognitive reality, there can be neither history
f women F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounced ), and the plural is ''efs''. Hist ...
nor selfconscious society"), Apokalipsa, 2005, no. 90/91/92, 103–119. * "", ("Where the writing infects the landscape") an introductory study to the Slovenian translation of the selected poems of the Argentinian poet Roberto Juarroz, in: Robeto Juarroz, Vertikalna poezija, (Knjižna zbirka Beletrina). Ljubljana, Študentska založba, 2006, 181–222. * "Strangoliert!", Apokalipsa, September–November 2007, no. 113/115, 1-23. * ". " ("Similis simili gaudet. On the Kercopian Literary Criticism in the Slovenian Literary Field"), Poetikon, no. 19/20, 2008, 150–193.


Literary editorship

* 2004: Co-editor with Gašper Malej of the collection / ''Linguaggi di-versi'', publication of the Poets' and Translators' Workshop / , held in Ankaran, Slovenia, in 2002. The project continued with some pauses from 1998 to 2009), Knjigarna Libris, Koper, 221 p. * 2004: Editor of public documentation and texts in connection to the literary polemics in summer 2004, concerning many issues, including an Open letter to the Minister of Culture Mrs. Andreja Rihter written by the literary creators on 6 July 2004: Dosjeji I, Apokalipsa, 2004, no. 84/85, 139–182. * 2006: Editor and translator of selected poems by the Argentinian poet Roberto Juarroz, Vertikalna poezija, (Knjižna zbirka Beletrina). Ljubljana, Študentska založba, 2006. 224 p. . * 2008: Literary editor of the portraits and presentations of poet
Joël Pourbaix Joël Pourbaix (born June 2, 1958) is a Canadian poet. He won the Governor General's Award for French language poetry at the 2015 Governor General's Awards for his collection ''Le mal du pays est un art oublié''. Life He has reported for Radi ...
, short-story writer
Hiromi Goto Hiromi Goto (born December 31, 1966 Chiba-ken, Japan) is a Japanese-Canadian writer, editor, and instructor of creative writing. Life Goto was born in Chiba'ken, Japan in 1966 and immigrated to Canada with her family in 1969. They lived on the ...
and novelist
Dionne Brand Dionne Brand (born 7 January 1953) is a Canadian poet, novelist, essayist and documentarian. She was Toronto's third Poet Laureate from September 2009 to November 2012. She was admitted to the Order of Canada in 2017
, Monitor ZSA, 2008, vol. 10, no. 3/4, 141–151, 153–159, 160–166.


Scholarly research


Principal publications

* Taja Kramberger and Drago Braco Rotar (dir. and co-tr.), 'Principles for a Reflexive Social Science and for a Critical Investigation of Symbolic Dominations'' (translations of Pierre Bourdieu's and Loïc Wacquant's selected texts), Library Annales Majora, Koper, University of Primorska, Publishing House Annales, 2006, 262 p., . * Taja Kramberger, (''Historiographical Divergence: the Enlightenment and Historismus Paradigm: On an Opened and a Closed Epistemic Structure and Their Elaborations''), Library Annales Majora, Koper, University of Primorska, Publishing House Annales, 2007, 384 p., * Taja Kramberger, (''Historico-anthropological Formation of the University Habiti/''), Pedagoški institut, Ljubljana, 2009, 131 p. * Taja Kramberger and Drago Braco Rotar, (''University: Collegium or Training? On the University Autonomy and its Contraries''), Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, 2010. In preparation for print. * Taja Kramberger and Drago Braco Rotar, (''Think the Society, which does not think (by) itself''), Založba Sophia, Ljubljana, 2010. In preparation for print.


Selection of articles

* Taja Kramberger and Drago Rotar, "" (Rights vs Tolerance. Incongruity of Mentalities: Historico-anthropological Marginalia on Slovenian Translation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen from 26 August 1789), ''/ School Field'', vol. XXI, no. 3–4, 2010, 36 p. * Taja Kramberger and Drago Rotar, "" (Europe Goes to Shanghai. Invasion of neoliberalism and churches in the academic world), , vol. XVI, no. 4, 2010, 31 p. * Taja Kramberger and Drago Rotar, "" (Insanity of Measurement. On the Deteriorated Use of Scientific Tools), ''/School Field'', vol. XXI, no. 1–2, 2010, 42 p. * Taja Kramberger, "" ( / ). 12. februarja 2010, Koper: Zveza borcev Koper-Capodistria, 2010, 100–140. * Taja Kramberger, "", in: VAUDAY, Patrick (ur.), MOČNIK, Rastko (ur.), ZUPANC EĆIMOVIĆ, Paula (ur.), ROTAR, Drago B. (ur.). , (Knjižnica Annales Majora). Koper: Université de Primorska, Centre de recherches scientifiques, Maison d'édition Annales: Société d'historie de Primorska Sud, 2009, 189–213. OBISS.SI-ID 1752275* Taja Kramberger, "" (From the History of Intellectuals : the Dreyfus Affair and French Historians), ''Monitor ZSA'', 2008, vol. 10, no. 1/2, pp. 25–81, ilustr. OBISS.SI-ID 1592275* Taja Kramberger, "" (The Dreyfus Affair and Printed Media), ''Media Watch'', 2008. * Taja Kramberger and Drago Rotar, "" (). In: KRAMBERGER, Taja & ROTAR, Drago B. (dir.), BOURDIEU, Pierre, WACQUANT, Loïc, , (Knjižnica Annales Majora). Koper: Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče, Založba Annales: Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko, 2006, 9–34. OBISS.SI-ID 1213651* Taja Kramberger, Sabina Mihelj and Drago Rotar, "Representations of the Nation and of the Other in the Slovenian Periodical Press before and after 1991: Engagements and Implications", In: SPASSOV, Orlin (ur.), ''Quality press in Southeast Europe'', (''The media in Southeast Europe''), 1st ed. Sofia: , 2004, 276–305. OBISS.SI-ID 216577280* Taja Kramberger, "" (), , August 2003, vol. 19, no. 43, 49–55. OBISS.SI-ID 595667* Taja Kramberger, " Joining the Club "/"From Joining the Club to the Grotesque Slovenian Adaptation to Neoliberalisme"/"", , vol. 19, no. 43, August 2003, 77–95. OBISS.SI-ID 595923* Taja Kramberger, ""/, ''Monitor ISH'', vol. IV, no. 1–4, 2002, 53–70. OBISS.SI-ID 21359202* Taja Kramberger, "Doxa et fama. "/"Doxa et fama. On production of "Public opinion" and Strategies of Oblivion"/"Doxa et fama. ", , vol. XVIII, no. 41, December 2002, 63–100. OBISS.SI-ID 20786018* Taja Kramberger, "" (Maurice Halbwachs and the social frames of collective memory/); . In: HALBWACHS, Maurice. , Ljubljana: Studia humanitatis, 2001, 211–258. OBISS.SI-ID 694925


Scholarly editorship

* 2001–2010: Editor-in-chief of Monitor ISH (2001–2003), in 2004 renamed to Monitor ZSA – Revue of Historical, Social and Other Anthropologies (34 numbers) * 2003: Guest-editor for the theme "Deconstruction of neoliberalism"/"", issertations in Social Sciences vol. XIX, no. 43, 2003, pp. 47–95. * 2006: Co-editor (with Drago braco Rotar) and co-translator in the Slovenian collection of articles by Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant, 'Principles for a Reflexive Social Science and for a Critical Investigation of Symbolic Dominations'' (translations of Pierre Bourdieu's and Loïc Wacquant's texts), Library Annales Majora, Koper, University of Primorska, Publishing House Annales, 2006, 262 p., . * 2009: Member of the Scientific Committee in publication: Patrick Vauday, Rastko Močnik, Paula Zupanc Ećimović, Drago Rotar (dir.), , Library Annales Majora, Koper, University of Primorska, Publishing House Annales, 2009, 456 p.


Literary references

* Jean Boase-Beier, Alexandra Büchler, Fiona Sampson, A Line: New Poetry from Eastern and Central Europe (anthology with a preface by Václav Havel), Arc Publications, UK, 2004, . URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20110727062630/http://www.arcpublications.co.uk/biography.htm?writer_id=228 * Vid Sagadin, "Iskanje nezasičenih prostorov", Literatura, vol. 17, no. 169–170, July/August 2005, 224–229. * Peter Semolič, "Sensibility and sharp intellect", Introductory essay of the Poetry International Web, 2005.URL: http://slovenia.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5026 * Irena Novak Popov, Antologija slovenskih pesnic 3, 1981 – 2000 nthology of Slovenian Women Poets 3, 1981 – 2000 Založba Tuma, Ljubljana, 2007, 318–329. * Jad Hatem, " La pierre de l'invisibilité ", La Poésie slovène contemporaine : l'écriture de la pierre (Portraites littéraires), Éditions du Cygne, Paris, 2010, 11–24. * Iztok Osojnik, "Pet dni na ladji norcev" ive days at the Ship of Fools Apokalipsa, no. 134/135, 2009, 285–295. * Colleen Mc Carthy, "Storm in Words: Contemporary Slovenian Poetry in Translation", Talisman. A Journal of Contemporary Poetry and Poetics, no. 38/39/40, Summer-Autumn 2010, 350–355.


See also

*
Slovenian literature Slovene literature is the literature written in Slovene. It spans across all literary genres with historically the Slovene historical fiction as the most widespread Slovene fiction genre. The Romantic 19th-century epic poetry written by the le ...
* List of Slovenian historians *
Slovene Writers' Association The Slovene Writers' Association ( sl, Društvo slovenskih pisateljev) is a non-profit association of Slovene writers based in Ljubljana. The association was founded on 21 April 1872 in Ljubljana at the initiative of Davorin Trstenjak who also be ...


References


External links


Personal web-site in the form of blog

CV of Taja Kramberger at the Faculty of Human Sciences University of Primorska
(Littoral) * Poetry International Web: http://slovenia.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5044 *
Interview for the web Journal Transcript

Interview for the web Journal Transcript


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kramberger, Taja 1970 births Living people Writers from Ljubljana Slovenian women poets Slovenian poets Slovenian translators Italian–Slovene translators Spanish–Slovene translators 21st-century Slovenian historians University of Ljubljana alumni Veronika Award laureates University of Primorska alumni Slovenian women historians Academic staff of the University of Primorska